• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.326-336
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• 2016

We propose and describe new error control algorithms for redundant residue number systems (RRNSs) and residue number system product codes. These algorithms employ search techniques for obtaining error values from within a set of values (that contains all possible error values). For a given RRNS, the error control algorithms have a computational complexity of $t{\cdot}O(log_2\;n+log_2\;{\bar{m}})$ comparison operations, where t denotes the error correcting capability, n denotes the number of moduli, and ${\bar{m}}$ denotes the geometric average of moduli. These algorithms avoid most modular operations. We describe a refinement to the proposed algorithms that further avoids the modular operation required in their respective first steps, with an increase of ${\lceil}log_2\;n{\rceil}$ to their computational complexity. The new algorithms provide significant computational advantages over existing methods.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was designed to describe the economic awareness, economic knowledge, and attitude toward cost-effectiveness in nursing of hospital nurses. Method : The sample included 272 nurses conveniently selected from 5 tertiary care hospitals. Data were collected on general characteristics of nurses, the economic awareness level, the knowledge level of economics, and the attitude toward cost-effectiveness. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC version 10.0. Result : 1) The mean of economic awareness level of hospital nurses was 44.87 (SD=3.53) with a possible range of 5${\sim}$50. The mean of the knowledge level of economics was 58.3 (SD=11.9) with a possible range of 0${\sim}$100. 2) The mean of attitude toward cost-effectiveness in nursing was 39.95 (SD=5.01) with a possible range of 5${\sim}$50, which means moderately positive. 3) Analyzing the relationships between economic awareness level and knowledge level of economics, and attitude toward cost-effectiveness, the knowledge level of economics was positively related with the economic awareness level (r=.192, p=.002) and the attitude (r=.133, p=.029). The economic awareness level was positively related with the attitude (r=.470, p=.000). 4) Backward multiple regression revealed that the linear combination of economic awareness, job position, place of employment, and the presence of CQI committee accounted for 26.1% of the variance in the attitudes toward cost-effectiveness nursing care. Conclusion : Findings reveal that RNs lack basic knowledge of economics and its link to nursing practice, yet, they want a voice in economic decision making. In an effort to fill the void of economic knowledge and respond to nurses' call for greater input, in-service programs and curricula for generic programs must be developed.