• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2009

A possibility of the drag coefficient estimation in numerical water basins was discussed where the numerical solution were calculated by the 3-dimensional hydro-dynamical model (FLOW-$3D^{(R)}$) with the RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. On the known cases of the drag coefficients for a rectangle, the numerical drag coefficients got $1.34{\sim}1.52$ and the wind tunnel values were $1.3{\sim}1.5$. For a cylinder, the numerical values were calculated as $0.75{\sim}0.78$ in the range of 0.5

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

Turbulent flow structure in the high amplitude meandering channel is complex due to secondary recirculation with helicoidal motions and shear layers formed by flow separation from the curved sidewall. In this work, the secondary flow and the superelevation of the water surface produced in the high-amplitude Kinoshita channel are reproduced by the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations using the VOF technique for resolving the variation of water surface elevation and three statistical turbulence models ($k-{\varepsilon}$, RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$, $k-{\omega}$ SST). The numerical results computed by a second-order accurate finite volume method are compared with an existing experimental measurement. Among applied turbulence models, $k-{\omega}$ SST model relatively well predicts overall distribution of the secondary recirculation in the Kinoshita channel, while all three models yield similar prediction of water superelevation transverse slope. The secondary recirculation driven by the radial acceleration in the upstream bend affects the flow structure in the downstream bend, which yields a pair of counter-rotating vortices at the bend apex. This complex flow pattern is reasonably well reproduced by the $k-{\omega}$ SST model. Both $k-{\varepsilon}$ based models fail to predict the clockwise-rotating vortex between a pair of counter-rotating vortices which was observed in the experiment. Regardless of applied turbulence models, the present computations using the VOF method appear to well reproduce the superelevation of water surface through the meandering channel.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2019

보를 월류하는 흐름은 유량에 따라 상이한 흐름특성을 보인다. 즉, 유량이 증가함에 따라 사류 (supercritical flow), 완전도수 (complete hydraulic jump), 수중도수 (submerged hydraulic jump), 그리고 잠긴흐름 (plunge pool)으로 천이한다. 각 흐름영역에 따른 하상전단응력의 변화는 보의 물받이와 하상보호공을 설계하는데 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 계산유체동역학을 이용하여 보를 월류하는 흐름을 수치모의하여 각 흐름의 수리적 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 Flow3D를 이용하여 RANS 방정식을 수치해석 하였으며, 난류모형으로 RNG $k-{\epsilon}$ 모형을 이용하였다. 수치모의를 통하여 각각의 흐름에 대하여 평균유속, 하상전단응력, 그리고 흐름저항계수의 종방향 분포를 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2862-2867
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• 2007

The steady non-reacted compressible flow field in a symmetric micro-thruster, which is used for the accurate attitude control of a satellite, is analyzed varying the nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) to investigate the plume characteristics. The nozzle throat diameter is 0.06 inch and the area ratio is 56. The recirculation region is found just behind the normal shock at the several NPRs due to the locally adverse pressure gradient along the nozzle centerline when the environmental pressure is atmospheric. This phenomenon, the cause of flow loss, is similar to the flow behind a blunt body. As NPR increases the location of Mach disk, characteristics of the normal shock, moves downstream and its strength increases. The Mach number distribution appears in a wave-type patter after the normal shock because oblique shocks are reflected on the shock boundaries especially when NPRs are very high.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.809-813
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• 2011

Turbulent flows are numerically simulated in the three dimensional inlet duct for heat recovery steam generator. The present study is aimed to analyze the effect of a variation in turbulent flow pattern by the change of roof angle in the transition duct. The finite volume based Navier-Stokes equations with unstructured grids are solved to make clear the flow dynamic phenomena. Reviews are made on with the data of path lines, velocity vectors, dynamic pressure, residuals for numerical convergence and so on. The k-epsilon, k-omega, Reynolds stress and RNG k-epsilon are used for generation of turbulence. Two types of roof angle are applied with and without the swirl in the duct. Turbulent flow patterns could be investigated for the optimum duct design based on the computational results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.155-159
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• 2011

본 연구는 만곡수로 외측에 횡월류 위어를 설치하여 곡률반경에 대한 횡월류 유량계수의 특성을 분석하였다. 곡률반경의 변화에 따른 만곡부의 중심각이 180인 수로모형을 설계하였으며, FLOW-3D모형에 적용하여 유량계수를 산정하고 직선 수로와 비교하여 유량계수의 특성을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 난류모형은 RNG-$\in$ 모형을 사용하였으며, 수치기법으로는 유한체적법을 사용하였다. 모형의 적용성 검정을 위해 기존에 연구되었던 수리실험과 동일한 조건의 수치모의를 수행하여 모형의 적용성을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 하폭를 고정시키고 곡률반경를 변화시킴으로써 $R_c/b$의 변화에 따른 유량계수(C)의 변화를 분석하고, 만곡수로의 월류량($Q_{wc}$)에 대한 직선수로의 월류량($Q_{ws}$)의 비, 만곡수로의 평균 월류 수심에 대한 직선수로의 평균 월류 수심($y_{cave}/y_{save}$)과 $R_c/b$의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과 유량계수는 상류수심, 월류량, 만곡수로의 곡률반경 등의 변화에 따라 유량계수는 변화하였으며, 직선과 만곡수로에 대해 분석을 수행하였기 때문에 직선수로의 영향인자를 이용하여 만곡수로에 설치된 횡월류 위어의 월류량과 유량계수를 추정 가능할 것이라 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

In this study, flow patterns in the ice-harbor fishway were analyzed according to fluctuations of the upstream water level, an increase of weir interval, and the presence or absence of orifices using a three-dimensional commercial numerical model, Flow-3D. In order to prove the suitability of the numerical simulation results, the flow velocity and flow rate at the exit of the fishway were observed using a 3D ultrasonic velocimetry on an actual ice-harbor fishway installed downstream of the Daegok bridge in Gyeongan-Cheon. Four types of turbulence modules can be selected for the Flow-3D model. As a result of verification with observation data, the RNG model best described the flow characteristics in the ice-harbor fishway. The velocity structure in the fishway according to fluctuations of the upstream water level was simulated. The results showed that the plunging flow and the streaming flow were mixed at the lowest water level. When the water level increased about 10 cm or more from the lowest water level, the plunging flow disappeared in all pools and only the streaming flow occurred. Contrary to expectations, even when the water level is rose a little, the flow simply occurred mainly on the streaming flow. If the interval between the weirs is increased, both the plunging flow and the streaming flow are showed continued even if the water level rises. In addition, compared to the case where there are no orifices at the bottom of the weirs, the plunging flow tends to be generated in several pools. It is necessary to prevent blocking orifices through active management so that various flow patterns in the fishway can be generated in multiple pools.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.197-212
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• 2008

Recently, stream flow analysis has been accomplished by one or two dimensional equations and was applied by simple momentum equations and fixed energy conservations which contain many condition limits. In this study, FLOW-3D using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) was applied to stream flow analysis which can solve three dimensional RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equation) control equation to find out physical behaviors and the effect of hydraulic structures. Numerical simulation accomplished those results was compared by using turbulence models such as ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$, RNG (Renormalized Group) ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ and LES (Large Eddy Simulation). Numerical analysis results have been illustrated by the turbulence energy effects, velocity of flow, water level pressure and eddy flows around the piers and transverse overflow type structures. These results will be able to used by basis data that catch hold of effects on long-term bed elevation changes, sediment accumulations, scours and water aggravations by removal of obsolete transverse over flow type structures in urban stream.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1287-1292
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• 2007

Recently, the frequency of unexpecting heavy rains has been increased due to abnormal climate and extreme rainfall. There was a limit to analyze 1D or 2D stream flow that was applied simple momentum equation and fixed energy conservation. Therefore, hydrodynamics flow analysis in rivers has been needed 3D numerical analysis for correct stream flow interpretation. In this study, CFD model on FLOW-3D was applied to stream flow analysis, which solves three dimenson RANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equation) control equation to find out physical behavior and the effect of hydraulic structures. Numerical simulation accomplished those results was compared by using turbulence models such as ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$, RNG ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ and LES. Those numerical analysis results have been illustrated by the turbulence energy effects, velocity of flow distributions, water level pressure distributions and eddy flows around the piers at Jangwall bridge in urbarn stream.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.214-224
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• 2007

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with the renormalization group (RNG) $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model is used to examine the effects of difference in building height on flow and pollutant dispersion in asymmetric street canyons. Three numerical experiments with different street canyons formed by two isolated buildings are performed. In the experiment with equal building height, a portal vortex is formed in the street canyon and a typical recirculation zone is formed behind the downwind building. In the experiment with the downwind building being higher than the upwind building, the ambient flow comes into the street canyon at the front of the downwind building and incoming flow diverges strongly in the street canyon. Hence, pollutants released therein are strongly dispersed through the lateral sides of the street canyon. In the experiment with the upwind building being higher than the downwind building, a large recirculation zone is formed behind the upwind building, which is disturbed by the downwind building. Pollutants are weakly dispersed from the street canyon and the residue concentration ratio is largest among the three experiments. This study shows that the difference in upwind and downwind building height significantly influences flow and pollutant dispersion in and around the street canyon.