• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.808-812
• /
• 2013

Multilayer capacitors with high ripple current and high capacitance were manufactured. The electrical properties of these capacitors were characterized for potential application for DC-link capacitors in hybrid electric vehicle inverters. Internal electrode structures were designed to achieve high capacitance and reliability. A single multilayer capacitor showed $0.46{\mu}F/cm^3$ of capacitance, 0.65% of dielectric loss, and 1450 V to 1650 V of dielectric breakdown voltage depending on the design of the internal electrode. The capacitor module designed with several multilayer capacitors gave a total capacitance of $450{\mu}F$, which is enough for hybrid electric vehicles. In particular, an equivalent series resistance of $4.5m{\Omega}$ or less will result in 60 $A_{rms}$, thereby reaching the allowed ripple current for hybrid electric vehicles.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.342-347
• /
• 2007

$Bi_6Mg_2Nb_4O_{21}(BMN)$ thin films were deposited at various substrates by sputtering system for embedded capacitor applications. BMN thin films deposited at room temperature are manufactured as MIM(Metal/Insulator/Metal) structures. Dielectric properties and leakage current density were investigated as a function of various substrates and thickness of BMN thin films. Leakage current density of BMN thin films deposited on CCL(Copper Clad Laminates) showed relatively high value ($1{\times}10^{-3}A/cm^2$) at an applied field of 300 kV/cm on substrates, possibly due to relatively high value of roughness(rms $50{\AA}$) of CCL substrates. 100 nm-thick BMN thin films deposited on Cu/Ti/Si substrates showed the capacitance density of $300 nF/cm^2$, a dielectric constant of 32, a dielectric loss of 2 % at 100 kHz and the leakage current density of $1{\times}10^{-6}A/cm^2$ at an applied field of 300 kV/cm. BMN capacitors are expected to be promising candidates as embedded capacitors for printed circuit board(PCB).

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.364-371
• /
• 2021

A magnetic flux saturation model of Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRMs) and a parameter estimation method are proposed at standstill. The proposed magnetic flux model includes the nonlinear relationship between the current and the magnetic flux for self-saturation and cross-saturation. Voltage is injected at standstill to estimate the magnetic flux saturation model. Voltages are injected into the d-axis and q-axis to obtain data on self-saturation. Subsequently, voltages are simultaneously injected into the d-q axis to obtain data on cross-saturation. On the basis of the measured current and the calculated magnetic flux, the parameters of the proposed model are estimated using the least square method (LSM). Simulation and experiment were performed on a 1.5-kW SynRM to verify the proposed method. The proposed model can be used to create a high-efficiency operation table, a sensorless algorithm, and a current controller to improve the control performance of a motor.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 총고조파 왜율(THD, Total Harmonic Distortion)과 리플 감쇄율(RAF, Ripple Attenuation Factor)을 이용한 계통연계 인버터용 LCL 필터 설계 방법을 제안한다. 인버터 측 인덕터 전류의 총고조파 왜율($THD_i$)과 필터 커패시터와 계통 측 인덕터 사이의 전류 리플 감쇄율(RAF), 그리고 계통에 주입되는 전류의 총고조파 왜율($THD_g$)의 관계를 분석하여 관계식을 도출하고, 이 관계식을 바탕으로 계통 주입 전류의 $THD_g$ 목표치를 만족하는 $THD_i$와 RAF를 선정하여 계통 측 인덕터($L_g$)와 인버터 측 인덕터($L_i$)의 인덕턴스 값을 계산한다. 한편 커패시터의 커패시턴스 값은 커패시터에 유입되는 무효전력을 고려하여 선정한다. 제안한 방법으로 LCL를 설계하여 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통해 계통에 주입되는 전류의 $THD_g$가 목표치를 만족하는 것을 보임으로써 설계 방법의 타당성을 입증한다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제52권12호
• /
• pp.562-567
• /
• 2003

Lightning arresters are deteriorated by repetition of protective operation against overvoltages or impulse currents in environments of its use. If a deteriorated arrester is left in power lines, it can lead to an accident such as a line to ground fault even in a normal system. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the deteriorated arrester in advance by checking the soundness of arresters on a regular basis, and to ensure the reliability of power systems by preventing accidents. Various deterioration diagnostic techniques and devices are suggested, and most of which measure leakage current components as an indicator of arrester ageing. However, the techniques based on the magnitude of leakage current measure simply RMS or peak value of leakage current components and do not provide detailed information needed in the diagnosis. In this study, we found that the wave height distributions of the total leakage currents are remarkably changed or a new wave height are produced with the progress of arrester deterioration. To propose a new technique for the diagnosis, we designed a leakage current detection unit and an analysis program which can measure leakage current magnitudes and analyze wave height distributions. From the experimental results, we confirmed that the proposed technique by analyzing the wave height distribution can simply diagnose the mode of defects such as a partial damage and an existence of punctures in arresters as well as deterioration of arresters.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.504-510
• /
• 2017

본 논문은 소형 가전기기를 위한 AC DC 파워모듈 설계를 제시하고 효율과 신뢰성 및 안정성 특성을 나타낸다. 제안하는 파워모듈은 PCB 테스트보드에서 PWM 제어 IC 칩, 파워모스 소자, 트랜스포머, 각종 수동소자 (저항, 커패시터, 인덕터)를 사용하여 제작하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 AC DC 파워모듈 회로 시뮬레이션 결과를 토대로 측정한 실험에서 입력전압은 상용전원 전압 220 V (RMS), 주파수 60 HZ의 교류전압(VAC : Voltage alternating current)을 사용 하였으며, 출력전압, OCP (over current protection), EMI(electromagnetic interference), PWM 신호 펄스, 효율 측정, 패키징 여부에 따른 발열측정 등을 실시하였다. 또한 파워모듈의 온도에 따른 특성변화와 트랜스포머 기준으로 1차측의 회로와 2차측 회로의 절연상태 확인을 하기 위한 내전압 테스트 등의 신뢰성테스트를 실시하였다. 효율 및 신뢰성 측정결과, AC DC 파워 모듈이 5 V의 출력전압, 200 mV의 리플, 약 73 %의 효율, 온도 약 $80^{\circ}C$ 까지 안정적으로 동작함을 확인하였으며, 4.2 kV의 크기로 60초 동안 견디는 내압 성능을 보였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.65-80
• /
• 2020

In order to protect a structure over its full life cycle, a novel tuned mass damper (TMD), the so-called semi-active eddy current pendulum tuned mass damper (SAEC-PTMD), which can retune its frequency and damping ratio in real-time, is proposed in this study. The structural instantaneous frequency is identified through a Hilbert-Huang transformation (HHT), and the SAEC-PTMD pendulum is adjusted through an HHT-based control algorithm. The eddy current damping parameters are discussed, and the relationship between effective damping coefficients and air gaps is fitted through a polynomial function. The semi-active eddy current damping can be adjusted in real-time by adjusting the air gap based on the linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG)-based control algorithm. To verify the vibration control effect of the SAEC-PTMD, an idealized linear primary structure equipped with an SAEC-PTMD excited by harmonic excitations and near-fault pulse-like earthquake excitations is proposed as one of the two case studies. Under strong earthquakes, structures may go into the nonlinear state, while the Bouc-Wen model has a wild application in simulating the hysteretic characteristic. Therefore, in the other case study, a nonlinear primary structure based on the Bouc-Wen model is proposed. An optimal passive TMD is used for comparison and the detuning effect, which results from the cumulative damage to primary structures, is considered. The maximum and root-mean-square (RMS) values of structural acceleration and displacement time history response, structural acceleration, and displacement response spectra are used as evaluation indices. Power analyses for one earthquake excitation are presented as an example to further study the energy dissipation effect of an SAECPTMD. The results indicate that an SAEC-PTMD performs better than an optimized passive TMD, both before and after damage occurs to the primary structure.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2010

This paper is aimed to develop monitoring software for detecting the characteristics of current and voltage signals for series arc on electric wire. In order to attain this purpose, the characteristics of series arc were analyzed by the current and voltage signals on electric wire which were installed, and also analyzed by the changes of RMS, instantaneous of waveform value in time domain and THD in frequency domain. Monitoring program which analyze the signal was developed by Labview which can analyze in time domain and frequency domain, and save data. Experimental setup for detecting verification of monitoring program was composed loads of a lamp, an electric heater and an electric fan loads which were usually using. Measurement points for detecting verification of monitoring program were selected at both the panel board and the arc generator at the same time. As results of the experiments by monitoring program, the arc current waveform showed the same characteristic in all measurement points of all load. But the arc voltage waveform was different in each measurement point. When arc occurred, the THD of current value increased above 20%. The results of this study will be effectively used in developing the preventive system of electric fire by series arc.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2002

스퍼터로 성장시킨 $n-ZnO:Al(3\times10^{18}\textrm{cm}^{-3})$ 박막에 Ru 금속 박막을 이용하여 열적으로 안정하며 낮은 저항을 가지는 오믹 접촉을 제작하였다. 상온에서 $2.1{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}\textrm{cm}^2$의 비접촉 저항을 보이던 Ru 오믹 접촉은 열처리 온도를 증가시킴에 따라 I-V특성이 향상되었고 특히 $700^{\circ}C$에서 1분 동안 열처리 할 경우 $3.2{\times}10^{-5}}{\Omega}\textrm{cm}^2$의 낮은 비접촉 저항을 나타내었다. 또한 Ru 오믹 접촉 시스템은 고온에서도 안정한 특성을 나타내었는데 $700^{\circ}C$에서의 고온 열처리 후에도 1.4 nm의 아주 낮은 rms 거칠기를 갖는 평탄한 표면을 나타내었다. 이와 같이 낮은 비접촉 저항과 열적 안정성은 Ru 오믹 접촉 시스템이 ZnO를 근간으로 하는 고성능의 광소자 및 고온소자에 적합한 오믹 접촉 시스템이라는 것을 말해준다. 또한 Ru 오믹 접촉의 비접촉 저항의 열처리 온도 의존성을 설명할 수 있는 메카니즘을 제시하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2007

본 논문은 FPD(Flat Panel Display)용 TCON(Timing Controller) 칩의 PLL에 관한 것이다. 최근 TCON에서는 $8\sim135MHz$의 넓은 주파수 영역 동작을 위한 PLL을 요구하고 있다. 이것을 만족시키기 위하여, 새로운 구조의 V-I 변환기 회로를 설계하였다. 새로운 구조의 V-I 변환기는 VCO의 동작 주파수 범위를 결정하는 최소/최대 전류 비율을 최대한 증가시켰고 또한 VCO의 선형성도 보장하였다. 측정 결과 $8\sim135MHz$내에서 100ps 근처의 RMS 지터을 가짐으로 FPD용 TCON칩의 IP로 적합한 특성을 가지게 되었다. 설계된 회로는 TSMC 0.25um 1-poly 3-metal CMOS 공정으로 구현하였으며, 2.5V 공급 전원에서 $8\sim135MHz$로 동작하도록 설계 하였다.