• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2002

Purpose : To evaluate the NMR relaxation properties and imaging characteristics of tissue-specificity for a newly developed macromolecular MR agent. Materials and methods : Phthalocyanine (PC) was chelated with paramagnetic ion, Mn.2.01g (5.2 mmol) of Phthalocyanine was mixed with 0.37g (1.4 mmol) of Mn chloride at $310^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours and then purified by chromatography (CHC13/CH3OH 98/2 v/v, Rf, 0.76) to obtain 1.04g (46%) of MnPC (molecular weight= 2000d). The $T1}T2$ relaxivity of MnPC was measured in 1.5T(64 MHz) MR using 0.1 mM MnPC. The MR image characteristics of MnPC was evaluated using spin-echo (TR/TE=500/14 msec) and gradient-echo (FLASH) (TR/TE=80/4 msec, flip angle=60) techniques in 1.57 MR scanner. The images of rabbit liver were obtained every 10 minutes up to 4 hours. To study the effect of concentration on image, 20 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM of MnPC were tested. Results : The relaxivities of MnPC at 1.5T(64MHz) were Rl=7.28 $mM^{-1}S^{-1},{\;}R2=55.56mM^{-1}S^{-1}$. Compared to the values of Gd-DTPA (Rl[=4.8 $mM^{-1}S^{-1})$], R2[=5.2 $mM^{-1}S^{-1}])$]), both T1/T2 relaxivities of MnPC were higher than those of Gd-DTPA. For both of SE and FLASH techniques, the contrast enhancement reached maximum at 10 minutes after bolus injection and the enhancement continued for more than 2 hours. When compared with small molecular weight liver agents such as Gd-EOB-DTPA, Gd-BOPTA and MnDPDP, MnPC was characterized by more prolonged enhancement time. The time course of MR images also revealed biliary excretion of MnPC. Conclusion : We developed a new macromolecular MR agent, MnPC. The relaxivities of MnPC were higher than those of small molecular weight Gd-chelate. Hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of MnPC suggests that this agent is a new liver-specific MR agent.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

This paper is described on the development of KOTRON-13 and recent status of PET cyclotron by commercial cyclotron companies. KIRAMS has developed medical cyclotron which is KIRAMS-13. Samyoung Unitech produces KOTRON-13 with transfered technology by KIRAMS. As a part of Regional Cyclotron Installation Protect, KOTRON-13 cyclotrons and $[18F]FDG$ production modules are being installed at regional cyclotron centers in Korea. The medical concern with radiation technology has been growing for the last several years. Early cancer diagnosis through the cyclotron and PET-CT have been brought to public attention by commercial cyclotron models in the world. The new commercial cyclotron models are introduced compact low energy cyclotrons developed by CTI, GE, Sumitomo in recent. It produces different short-lived radioisotopes, such as $[^{18}F],\;[^{11}C],\;[^{13}N]\;and\;[^{15}O]$. For the better reliability acceleration particle is proton only. The characteristics of new model cyclotrons are changed to lower energy corresponding to less 13 MeV. New models have self-shielding and low power consumption. Design criteria for the different types of commercial cyclotrons are described with reference to hospital demands.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 2004

In this study, the leak detection technique of pressure vessel by using acoustic emission(AE) signal is suggested experimentally. The leak of pressure vessel is located at the welding line due to welding defects. we measured the AE signal using Rl5I sensor, and examined the AE parameters in leak condition. It is investigated that the mean value of AE signal is dependent on leak source location. So the absolute mean value of AE signal is adopted as dominant AE parameter. We proposed leak detection algorithm using AE signal mean value for monitoring the leak source location.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.257-262
• /
• 2002

A single-layered radial line slot array (SL-RLSA) antenna etched on a substrate and fad by a rectangular waveguide is presented in the 60 ㎓ band. The design curves are obtained by an efficient electromagnetic coupling analysis using Ewald Sum technique and Shanks transformation. The antenna has rectangular waveguide feed structure using a rectangular waveguide-to-radial line transition. The prototype antenna of 10 cm-diameter was tested and the gain of 31 ㏈i and the efficiency of 38% were measured at 60 ㎓.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.904-908
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we propose a 4-coupled ferroelectric-based meander-type microstrip-line tunable phase shifter which has less than 2dB of insertion loss (IL) and larger than 10dB of return loss (RL)over 13~170Hz .Particularly at 15GHz, the differential phase shift (DPS) is observed to be $89{\circ}$ at zero bias and it increases up to $115{\circ}$ when 150V is applied. This indicates a DPS tunability of $26{\circ}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.355-361
• /
• 1999

To improve the volatility and stability of lead complexes, the principle of stabilization by saturating the metal coordination sphere by intramolecular coordination through a β-diketonates with an ethereal group has was tested. Several new lead complexes with alkoxyalkyl-substituted β-diketonates, Pb(R1C(O)CHC(O)(CH2)3OR2)2(Rl=t-Bu, Me, OMe, i-Pr, R2=Me, Et), or carboxylate, Pb(OC(O)(CH2)3OEt)2, were prepared by the reaction between Pb(OAc)2 and corresponding alkoxyalkyl-substituted β-diketonates, and they were found to have a viscous liquid phase. The nature of the head (β-diketonate or carboxylate) or tails and substituents of β-diketonates appeared not to be important for the formation of the liquid phase. It is worth mentioning that Pb(OAc)2, which has limited use due to its low solubility, was successfully adopted as a starting material for the preparation of new lead complexes. Easy hydrolysis, reaction with HCl, and 13C NMR spectra indicated that tail portions were not coordinated to the metal as a copper derivative, Cu(t-BuC(O)CHC(O)(CH2)3OMe)2. All these complexes were not volatile enough for the MOCVD experiments, but a methyl derivative, Pb(MeC(O)CHC(O)(CH2)3OEt)2, showed some sublimation. The methoxy derivative, Pb(MeOC(O)CHC(O)(CH2)3OEt)2, was thermally unstable due to possible equilibrium between species coordinating with a keto oxygen atom and an ethereal atom of a methoxy group, which was confirmed by IR and 13C NMR spectra.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2013

The purposes of the study were to try configuring categorization of floor plans of elderly centers located in apartment complexes and to find out the spatial transfigurations regarding floor plan types. The data for the analysis of the study were collected from 56 elderly centers of apartment complexes in Ulsan by observations and interviews from July 3 through 13, 2012. The results are as follows. Firstly, the floor plans of the elderly centers were categorized into six types, which were 2R+L+K, 2R+LK, 1R+L+K/1R+LK, 1RL+K, 1RLK, and 2R+K/1R+K(no living room). Secondly, there were no salient differences among the plan types for the characteristics of physical environment of the centers. The types of 2R+L+K were relatively big in size and two thirds of the centers had gender-segregated rooms. Lastly, spatial transfigurations was found in sixty-percent of the centers, which included change of spatial arrangement, functional change, and functional addition. Interestingly, the more the spaces were segregated, the more the spatial transfigurations were performed in the way for the integration of functions of the rooms.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different mixture ratios of vermicasts on the growth of leaf beet(Beta vulgaris var. cicla), young radish (Raphanus sativus L), spinach(Spinacia oleracea) and lettuce(Lactuca sativa) The mixture of ratios of vermicast(fermented pig manure with sawdust) and peatmoss were 100%+0%, 60%+40%, 40%+60% and 0%+100%(control), respectively. The bulk density, particle density, pH, electrolytic conductivity, ash, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, available phosphorous and exchangeable cations increased significantly compared to those grown in the 100% of peatmoss(control). The significantly higher values of plant length, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root weight, root length and biological yield obtained were $40{\sim}100%$ and 40% of vermicast in leaf beet and lettuce, respectively. The young radish and spinach showed that significantly differences of shoot dry weight, root weight and biological yield in the mixture ratios of vermicast were $40{\sim}60%$ and 40% in young radish and spinach, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.8
• /
• pp.1292-1296
• /
• 2002

In this paper, a 3-coupled microstrip line tunable bandpass filter has been designed on the basis of a tonductoriFerroelectricfDielectric (CFD) structure. This tunable filter basically exploits the fact that the increase in the bias voltage leads to the reduction of the effective dielectric constant (eon). This reduced $\varepsilon$eff shifts the center frequency (fc) to the higher value. The characteristics of designed filter are as follows; Return loss (RL) is larger than 10 dB; Insertion loss (IL) is les.i than 3.5 dB: 3-dB bandwidth (BW) is less than 1.18 GHz fc can be tuned from 25.4 GHz to 28.8 GHz over the variation of $\varepsilon$eff, from 10 to 13. Therefore, the tunability comes up to 3.4 GHz. The dimension of the filter designed is 7.0 mm ${\times}$ 5.0 nm ${\times}$ 0.5 mm.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 1986

We screened lysates of the laboratory strains of pseudomonads utilizing hydrocarbon by agarose gel electrophoresis and cesium chloride-ethidium bromide equilibrium centrifugation, to find an intrinsic plasmid as a vector and to examine the relationship between the plasmid and hydrocarbon degradation. Only one strain from the examined strains, Pseudomonas putida KU190, contained a plasmid. We named the plasmid pKU41. The molecular size of pKU41 was determined as 41kb, using covalently closed circular forms of RP4 and pSY343 as standard size markers. The restriction sites of pKU41 for BamHI, BglII, EcoRI, HindIII, and SalI were 3, 1, 3, 6 and more than 13, respectively. With double or triple digestion, restriction map of pKU41 was constructed for BamHI, BglII and HindIII. For elucidation on the biological function of the plasmid, test was conducted on the ability of hydrocarbon utilization of the host strain but no apparent relationship was observed.