• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.337-341
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• 1989

A 40-year-old male developed the swelling of the right leg one month after trauma on cycling. Conservative measures to relieve the swelling of the right leg for three months were failed. Venogram showed complete obstruction of the right common iliac vein. Crossover bypass [Palmas operation] with great saphenous vein graft for relief of venous stasis of the right leg was performed. Postoperatively, the swelling of the right leg was subsided and able to walk without edema of the right leg.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2018

This study reviews the common-mode noise model of indirect-contact ECG measurement which uses capacitive electrode and capacitive ground, and shows the reason of the large common-mode noise in indirect-contact ECG. And then, this study shows driven-right-leg ground in indirect-contact ECG measurement, and reviews how the driven-right-leg ground reduces the common-mode noise. This study then analyzes the relation between the effective area of the indirect-contact ground and the gain of the driven-right-leg circuit. This study introduces the output voltage saturation of the driven-right-leg circuit, which occurs frequently in indirect-contact ECG measurement with the condition of the high ground impedance. This study then shows the effect of the driven-right-leg circuit saturation on the common-mode noise.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to biomechanical analysis Judo's Kuzushi throwing motion in order to increase the effectiveness of Nage-waja(throwing technique). The Tori was a Judo player with 18 years experience(4th degree) while the Uke was a player with 2 years experience(1st degree). The kinematic data was captured using the Vicon motion system (7 cameras) and the kinetics were recorded by force plates(2 AMTI). The following were the results; While leaning to the front the subject's trunk's angle was $14.5^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $23.8^{\circ}$, knee angle was $179.6^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 325.42N(BW 0.34) and the right leg was 233.7N(BW 0.47). While leaning back the subject's trunk's angle was $11.3^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $4.1^{\circ}$, knee angle was $1761^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 299.53N(BW 0.43) and the right leg was 441.7N(BW 0.64). While leaning to the left the subject's trunk's angle was $30.8^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $2.7^{\circ}$, knee angle was $175.2^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 711N(BW 1.03) and the right leg was 9.2N(BW 0.01). While leaning to the right the subject's trunk's angle was $36.5^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $10.4^{\circ}$, knee angle was $175.2^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 13.2N(BW 0.02) and the right leg was 694.7N(BW 1.01). While leaning to the left front corner the subject's trunk's angle was $19.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $15.1^{\circ}$ (left), the lower limbs angle was $17.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $2.4^{\circ}$ (left), knee angle was $177.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $173.9^{\circ}$(left), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 547.4N(BW 0.8) and the right leg was 117.8N(BW 0.17). While leaning to the right front corner the subject's trunk's angle was $15.4^{\circ}$ (front) and $17.7^{\circ}$ (right), the lower limbs angle was $21.1^{\circ}$, (front) and $5.7^{\circ}$ (right), knee angle was $175.5^{\circ}$ (front) and $178.9^{\circ}$(right), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 53N(BW 0.08) and the right leg was 622.4N(BW 09). While leaning to the left rear corner the subject's trunk's angle was $9.2^{\circ}$ (back) and $13.8^{\circ}$ (left), the lower limbs angle was $2^{\circ}$, (back) and $5.7^{\circ}$ (left), knee angle was $175.5^{\circ}$ (back) and $172.8^{\circ}$(left), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 698.2N(BW 1.02) and the right leg was 49.6N(BW 0.07). While leaning to the right rear corner the subject's trunk's angle was $8.9^{\circ}$ (back) and $19.6^{\circ}$ (right), the lower limbs angle was ${0.6^{\circ}}_"$ (back) and $3.1^{\circ}$ (right), knee angle was $174.6^{\circ}$ (back) and $175.6^{\circ}$(right), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 7.2N(BW 0.01) and the right leg was 749.4N(BW 1.09). It was observed that during the Judo motion Kuzushii the range of the COM varied from $26.5{\sim}39.9cm$. It was concluded that the upper body leaned further than the lower body as there was knee extension. There was high left leg reaction forces while leaning to the left and likewise for the right side. It was therefore deduced that the Kuzushi was a more effective throwing technique for the left side.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2009

Purpose : To know how much weight bearing on left and right leg on 14 different positions. The second is to know how about different the weight bearing ratio on same positions of ages group. Methods : The third is to know how about changes the weight bearing ration between exercise group and non exercise group. The group of age is divided 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, over the 60 years. The subjects are 93 males(44), females(49). Results : The ordering of ratio of weight bearing on one side leg is as follows: The position of the highest weight bearing ratio is one leg standing with the other leg on chair(right 0.82, left 0.81) and the position of lowest weight bearing ratio is hooklying with natural leg position(both legs 0.08). There are statistically significant difference between right and left leg of weight bearing ratio on the 6 positions among the 14 positions. As for the ages, there are statistically significant difference on 5 different positions of 20 ages body weight bearing ratio between right and left leg. But as for the 50 ages there are no statistically significant difference on all of 14 positions between right and left leg body weight bearing. As for the exercise group there are statistically significant difference on only one position of one leg standing with the other leg on chair between right and left weight bearing ratio. But as for non exercise group there are statistically significant difference on 4 positions between right and left weight bearing ratio. Conclusion : When the therapist exercise with patient's always considerate of patient's position and weight bearing ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.749-754
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the right shoulder's muscle activity when lifting ipsilateral and contralateral legs during the Push Up Plus (PUP) exercise, which is a typical shoulder stabilizing exercise, and to provide effective data for a shoulder stabilization exercise. Upper trapezius, lower trapezius, levator scapula, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid posterior, serratus anterior and pectoralis major, which are eight main muscles of a shoulder, were analyzed for the left and right leg lifting by using an electromyogram (EMG). The study revealed that the muscle activities of the right shoulder's upper trapezius, levator scapula, supraspinatus, serratus anterior and pectoralis major were higher when lifting an ipsilateral (right side) leg, compared to lifting a contralateral (left side) leg. Therefore, lifting an ipsilateral leg can be an effective method for enhancing the maneuverability (mobility) of the right shoulder when lifting a single leg.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of incidence of ankle sprains on both leg length inequalities and range of motion of ankle joint in 20's female university students. Methods: 20's female university students were targeting 32 people attending K university in Gwangju. Both leg length inequality was measured using a tape measure, ranges of motion of ankles was measured using a goniometer. Results: The ankle sprain incidence was quite high, with 56.25% (n=18) for the right ankle, 34.38% (n=11) for the left ankle, and 9.38% (n=3) for both. As for the difference between the ankle sprain incidence and both leg length, the average value of the right leg was $83.08{\pm}3.69$, the average value of the left leg was $84.28{\pm}3.27$, making the right leg shorter than the left by 1.2cm with a higher incidence and showing a positive statistical correlation between the two (p<.05). Also showed that there was a negative statistical correlation between ankle sprain incidences and the inversion range of motion spread of the right ankle (p<.05). Conclusion: The incidence of ankle sprains was higher for the larger the difference between both leg length inequality. In addition, the smaller the inversion range of motion spread of the right ankle, the higher the incidence of ankle sprains. Therefore, The evidence suggests that the incidence of ankle sprains can be reduced by recommending stability and efficient exercises that take into consideration the both leg length as well as the ranges of motion of ankle joints.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.391-399
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• 2019

Purpose: This study investigated the three-dimensional moment values of the hip joint for subjects with artificial leg length alterations and subjects with unaltered leg lengths. Methods: Forty-two healthy adults (8 men, 34 women) participated in this study. The selected subjects were able to walk normally, had less than a 1 cm leg length discrepancy, and were instructed to wear shoes that fit their feet. The study participants performed 8 dynamic gait trails to measure the hip joint moment using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Kinetic and dynamic three-dimensional gait analysis data were collected from infrared cameras, and a force plate was used to standardize the weight of each subject. Results: There were significant correlations between the differences in the leg length discrepancy during right extension, right flexion, right internal rotation, and left extension in hip joint moments (p<0.05). There were significant correlations between the differences in shoe conditions during left extension, right flexion, right extension, and right internal rotation in the hip moments (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that a leg length discrepancy can affect hip joint moment, which may further exacerbate musculoskeletal disorders, such as osteoarthritis in lower extremity joints. Therefore, further studies should be conducted to verify the impact of clinical interventions on differences in hip joint moment values to correct leg length discrepancies and prevent osteoarthritis in lower extremity joints.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2021

In this Case Report, a patient with Buerger's disease who had a leg amputation below his lower right knee and a vascular bypass of right leg, developed a wound caused by his prosthetic leg and subjective discomfort. The patient received skin flap surgery but the wound did not heal properly. He was admitted to the Korean Medicine Hospital where his wound, right leg coldness, and phantom pain were treated with combined Korean medicine. The patient was hospitalized again where he underwent micro-drilling surgery. The patient was re-admitted to the Korean Medicine Hospital where he received combined Korean medicine treatment (CKMT) and carbon arc light treatment (CALT) for his wound, leg coldness, stiffness, and hypoplasia. The temperature of his right leg increased, the numeric rating scale score for assessing pain fell from 5 to 1.5, and subjective discomfort was reduced (< 20%) suggesting this may be an effective treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2009

Purpose：The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Taekwondo training causing leg-muscular strength for elementary school children. Methods：The subjects were Taekwondo group (n=20) and non-Taekwondo group (n=20) from 5-6 graders of elementary school. The Tkd group exercised Taekwondo and the non-Taekwondo group exercised free gymnastics. The subjects were measured 3 times(pre, mid and after)during the 8weeks program. The leg muscular strength peak torque and average power were measured. And the extension-flection of angular speed 60 deg/sec and 180 deg/sec was measured. Results：The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Compared with the Tkd group, the non-Tkd group showed no significant difference in tests statistically in case of right-left of pre-4weeks. The leg muscle's peak torque did not show significant difference in the extension angular 60 deg/sec(p>.05). 2. The score of flection angular speed 60deg/sec was not different in tests leg strength of right-left to pre-4weeks(p<.05), but the muscle was increased according to the amount of time spent in case of the 4-8weeks. 3. Compared with the Tkd group, the non-Tkd group showed no significant difference in tests statistically in case of right-left of pre-4weeks. The leg muscle's peak torque did not show significant difference in the extension angular 180deg/sec(p>.05). The right leg muscular strength was increased in case of the 4-8weeks. The left leg showed no difference. 4. Leg muscular strength was increased in the case of the pre-4weeks in the right of flection angular speed 180deg/sec. The left did not show difference. The right leg muscle in case of the 4-8weeks showed no difference. The left showed significant difference. Conclusion：Taekwondo training is effective for leg-muscular strengthing for elementary school children.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2014

Background: This study aims to examine correlations between quadriceps angle, lower extremity muscle strength and leg length discrepancy. Methods: This study selected 96 healthy women university students as the subjects of research. Quadriceps angle, lower extremity muscle strength and leg length discrepancy were measured. The statistical analysis of the data SPSS/window (version 12.0) were analyzed using the pearson correlation analysis. Results: There were negative correlations between the muscle strength of the right hamstring muscles and the right quadriceps angle in supine and standing positions. Functional leg length discrepancy of left and right quadriceps angle in supine and standing position showed positive correlations. Conclusions: The quadriceps angle affect the knee. An abnormal angle caused weakening of balance. Muscle strength, leg length discrepancy, and affected lower extremity alignment and knee function. These conclusions may prevent exercise limitation or disorders in the subjects and treating the patients with knee injury or patellofemoral pain syndrome with basic therapy intervention.