• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.336-339
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• 1995

Ephedra distachya cultures have been known to accumulate two major $\rho-coumaroylamino$ acids (p-coumaroylgicine and $\rho-coumaroylamino$ -D-alanine) by D-Ala treament. When D-Ala was added together with serial concentrations of yeast-derived elicitor, the accumulation of $\rho-coumaroylamino$ -D-Ala $(\rho-CDA)$ was geatly increased in an additive manner. In feeding experiments, $[1-^14C]$-D-Ala was incorporated into $\rho-CDA$at a rate of 2.2% or 2.3% of added radioactivity, indicating that exogenous D-Ala served as a precursor of the conjugate. $[1-^14C]$-L-Ala wasalso incorporated into p-CDA (0.23%) in the elicitor treated cultures. This fact suggested that at least a part of $(\rho-CDA)$ was produced from active conversion of L-Ala by the elecitation. In order to investigate a possible role of D-Ala as an elicitor of $\rpo-coumaroylamino$ acids $(\rpo-CAA)$, cold D-Ala was added together with labeled L-Ala. Although L-Ala seemed to be incorporated into $\rho-CDA$ by this treatment, the incorporation ratio was too small (0.054%) to draw a clear conclusion. However, the amount of $\rpo-coumaroylglycine$, which did not use D-Ala as a substrate, was also sightly increased by D-Ala treatment irrespective of the presence of elicitor, suggesting that exogenous D-Ala might act as an elicitor of$\rpo-CAA$ as well as a precusor substrate of $\rho-CDA$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.543-549
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• 1997

The problems in the existing modeling rules for fishing nets, especially in the Tauti's rule which had been used most commonly, were investigated and it was found that the rules could not give a good similarity between the prototype and model nets because they din neither analyze the flow resistance of nets accurately nor decide the ratio of flow velocity between the two nets properly. Thus, the modeling rule was newly derived by regarding the nets as holey structures sucking water into their mouth and then filtering water through their meshes as in the previous paper. The similarity conditions obtained, between the two nets distinguished by subscript 1 and 2, are as follows; $$\frac{d_2}{d_1}=\sqrt{\frac{l_2}{l_1}},\;\frac{N_2}{N_1}=(\frac{d_1}{d_2})^{1.5}\frac{L_2}{L_1},\;\varphi_1=\varphi_2,\;\frac{d_{r2}}{d_{r1}}=\sqrt{\frac{L_2{(\rho_{r1}-\rho_{w1})}}{{L_1{(\rho_{r2}-\rho_{w2})}}$$ $$\frac{N_{a2}}{N_{a1}}=\frac{W_{a1}}{W_{a2}}(\frac{L_2}{L_1})^2,\;\nu_1=\nu_2\;and\;\frac{R_2}{R_1}=(\frac{L_2}{L_1})^2$$, where L is the length of nettings, d the diameter of netting twines, 2l the mesh size, $2\varphi$ the angle between two adjacent bars, N the number of meshes at the sides of nettings, $d_r$, the diameter of ropes, $\rho_r$, the specific gravity of ropes, $W_a$ the weight in water of one piece of float or sinker, $N_a$ the number of floats or sinkers, $\nu$ the flow velocity, and R the flow resistance of net. In the case where the model experiments aim at investigating the influence of weight in water of nettings on their shapes in nets subjected to the water flow of very low velocity, however, the following condition is added; $$\frac{\rho_2-\rho_{w2}}{\rho_1-\rho_{w1}}=\frac{d_1}{d_2}$$ where $\rho$ is the specific gravity of netting twines.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3311-3317
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• 2014

Background: The consequence of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (RhoGDI${\alpha}$) activity on migration and invasion of estrogen receptor positive ($ER^+$) and negative ($ER^-$) breast cancer cells has not been studied using the proteomic approach. Changes in expression of RhoGDI${\alpha}$ and other proteins interacting directly or indirectly with RhoGDI${\alpha}$ in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, with different metastatic potentials is of particular interest. Materials and Methods: $ER^+$ MCF7 and ER- MDA-MB-231 cell lines were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and spots of interest were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of- flight/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis after downregulation of RhoGDI${\alpha}$ using short interfering RNA (siRNA) and upregulated using GFP-tagged ORF clone of RhoGDI${\alpha}$. Results: The results showed a total of 35 proteins that were either up- or down-regulated in these cells. Here we identifed 9 and 15 proteins differentially expressed with silencing of RhoGDI${\alpha}$ in MCF-7 and the MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. In addition, 10 proteins were differentially expressed in the upregulation of RhoGDI${\alpha}$ in MCF7, while only one protein was identified in the upregulation of RhoGDI${\alpha}$ in MDA-MB-231. Based on the biological functions of these proteins, the results revealed that proteins involved in cell migration are more strongly altered with RhoGDI-${\alpha}$ activity. Although several of these proteins have been previously indicated in tumorigenesis and invasiveness of breast cancer cells, some ohave not been previously reported to be involved in breast cancer migration. Hence, these proteins may serve as useful candidate biomarkers for tumorigenesis and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Conclusions: Future studies are needed to determine the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate cell migration. The combination of RhoGDI${\alpha}$ with other potential biomarkers may be a more promising approach in the inhibition of breast cancer cell migration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1983

The galvanic anodes have three kinds of Zn alloy anode, Al alloy anode and Mg alloy anode, which are widely used in cathodic protection for all metal structures in water or under ground. This paper to be used for designing of the grounding cell has reached the following conclusion as the results of an experimental study on the characteristics of such galvanic anodes for corrosion protection of pipings: 1) Zn alloy anode was the best when the specific resistance of the environment was bellow 1000 $\Omega$.cm, and when above 1000 $\Omega$.cm, Mg alloy anode to be used for designing of the grounding cell was the best. 2) Al alloy anode was better than Mg alloy anode for grounding cell when the specific resistance was bellow 500 $\Omega$.cm, but the Al alloy anode in all the environments reduced the characteristics of galvanic anode to the lower grade than those of Zn alloy anode. 3) Each impressed voltage (E) of the anodes at which drainage current density ($\rho$) begins rapidly increasing is quantitatively presented as follows: \circled1 E sub(Zn)=log (4.9465/$\rho$super(0.0639))+11$\times$10 super(-6)$\rho$super(0.8923i) \circled2 E sub(Al)=log (4.9306/$\rho$super(0.0525))+13$\times$10 super(-6)$\rho$super(0.9314i) \circled3 E sub(Mg)= log (3.7086/$\rho$super(0.0988))+181$\times$10 super(-6)$\rho$super(0.5406i) 4) The empirical equations between the drainage current density (i) and impressed environment are modeled as the following type. logi=g+root(n.E+r)(g,n,r; constants)

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

The limiting diffusion of special diploid model can be defined as a discrete generator for the rescaled Markov chain. Choi([2]) defined the operator of projection $S_t$ on limiting diffusion and new measure $dQ=S_tdP$. and showed the martingale property on this operator and measure. Let $P_{\rho}$ be the unique solution of the martingale problem for $\mathcal{L}_0$ starting at ${\rho}$ and ${\pi}_1,{\pi}_2,{\cdots},{\pi}_n$ the projection of $E^n$ on $x_1,x_2,{\cdots},x_n$. In this note we define $$dQ_{\rho}=S_tdP_{\rho}$$ and show that $Q_{\rho}$ solves the martingale problem for $\mathcal{L}_{\pi}$ starting at ${\rho}$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.33 no.3_4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2015

In this paper, a vector optimization problem over cones is considered, where the functions involved are $\eta$-semidifferentiable. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are obtained. A dual is formulated and duality results are proved using the concepts of cone $\rho$-semilocally preinvex, cone $\rho$-semilocally quasi-preinvex and cone $\rho$-semilocally pseudo-preinvex functions.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.23 no.1_2
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• pp.321-327
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• 2007

We say that a triangle ${\Delta}$ tiles the polygon ${\rho}\;if\;{\rho}$ can be decomposed into finitely many non-overlapping triangles similar to ${\Delta}$. Let ${\rho}$ be a parallelogram with angles ${\delta}\;and\;{\pi}-{\delta}\;(0<{\delta}{\leq}{\pi}/2)$ and let ${\Delta}$ be a triangle with angles ${\alpha};{\beta},\;{\gamma}\;({\alpha}{\leq}{\beta}{\leq}{\gamma})$. We prove that if ${\Delta}$ tiles ${\rho}$ then either ${\delta}{\in}\;({\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\gamma},\;{\pi}-{\gamma},\;{\pi}-2{\gamma})\;or\;dimL_{\rho}=dimL_{{\Delta}}$. We also prove that for every parallelogram P, and for every integer n $(where\;n{\geq}2,\;n{\neq}3)$ there is a triangle ${\Delta}$ so that n similar copies of ${\Delta}\;tile\;{\rho}$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.219-222
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• 1996

Ephedra olistachya cultures have been known to accumulate $rho-coumaroylamino$ acids by elicitor treatment. Based on their chemical structures, the biosynthetic pathway of$rho-coumaroylamino$acids was postulated and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (4-CH) and p-coumaroyl CoA: D-Ala p-coumaroyltransferase ($rho-CT$) were supposed to be involved in the pathway. The time course inductions of these enzymes were investigated after treatment of yeast extract, yeast-derived mannan glycopeptide and D-Ala. They were detectable at only 4 hours and reached to their maximum level at 9 hours after onset of elicitor treatment. The activities of PAL and 4-CH were almost disappeared within 24 hours, however, that of $rho-CT$was remained up to 48 hours irrespective of the kind of elicitors. $rho-CT$ showed substrate specificity to D-Ala at crude enzyme extract level.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2006

A numerical study is made of the spin-up from rest of a three-layer fluid in a closed, vertically-mounted cylinder. The densities in the upper layer $\rho_1$, middle layer $\rho_2$ and lower layer $\rho_3\;are\;\rho_3\;>\;\rho_2\;>\;\rho_1$, and the kinematic viscosities are left arbitrary. The representative system Ekman number is small. Numerical solutions are obtained to the time-dependent axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations, and the treatment of the interfaces is modeled by use of the Height of Liquid method. Complete three-component velocity fields, together with the evolution of the interface deformations, are depicted. At small times, when the kinematic viscosity in the upper layer is smaller than in the middle layer, the top interface rises (sinks) in the central axis (peripheral) region. When the kinematic viscosity in the lower layer is smaller than in the middle layer, the bottom interface rises (sinks) in the periphery (axis) region. Detailed shapes of interfaces are illustrated for several cases of exemplary viscosity ratios.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.576-581
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• 1994

The secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effects (SDKIE) involving deuterated aniline nucleophiles are reported for the reactions of benzyl bromides and chlorides and benzoyl chlorides in acetonitrile. The benzyl systems behave normally as to the trend of changes in SDKIE with the magnitude of ${\rho}X({\rho}_{nuc})$, whereas benzoyl system shows ananomaly; ${\mid}{\rho}_X{\mid}$ decreases with increase in the extent of bond making estimated by the SDKIE. This has been ascribed to the negative charge accumulation at the reaction center carbon in the transition state. The magnitude of ${\rho}_{XY}$ is found to decrease by ca. 0.03 with ten degree rise in the reaction temperature.