• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2020

This paper introduces a method for improving accuracy using the first convolution layer, which is not used in most modified CNN(: Convolution Neural Networks). In CNN, such as GoogLeNet and DenseNet, the first convolution layer uses only the traditional methods(3×3 convolutional computation, batch normalization, and activation functions), replacing this with RGB-csb. In addition to the results of preceding studies that can improve accuracy by applying RGB values to feature maps, the accuracy is compared with existing CNN using a limited number of images. The method proposed in this paper shows that the smaller the number of images, the greater the learning accuracy deviation, the more unstable, but the higher the accuracy on average compared to the existing CNN. As the number of images increases, the difference in accuracy between the existing CNN and the proposed method decreases, and the proposed method does not seem to have a significant effect.

• Carbon letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.206-210
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• 2010

Removal of dyes Reactive Blue 221, N Blue RGB and Acid Blue MTR using two different samples of activated carbon by static batch method was studied. Experimental data on optical density of solutions at different concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg/L and of solutions after adsorption on activated carbon samples were measured. Calibration curves were plotted and the amount of dye $q_e$ adsorbed was calculated. The data was fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for two different carbon samples and different concentration and pH values. Constants were calculated from the slope and intercept values of the isotherms. Coefficient of correlation $R_2$ and Standard Deviation SD were also noted. The data fitted well to the isotherms. Carbon sample $C_1$ showed higher potential to adsorb all the three dyes. Adsorption was higher at lower concentrations. Carbon sample $C_2$ showed better adsorption in acidic pH as compared to in alkaline pH. From the analysis of the data capacity of $C_1$ and $C_2$ to remove the dyes from water have been compared.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.519-525
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• 2018

Obtaining knowledge of the absorbed dose up-taken by a certain material when it is exposed to a specific ionizing radiation field is a very important task. Even though there are a plenitude of methods for determining the absorbed dose, each one has its own strong points and also drawbacks. In this article, an innovative idea for the development of a new gamma-ray dosimetry system is proposed. The method described in this article is based on optical colorimetry techniques. A color standard is fixed to the back of a BK-7 glass plate and then placed in a point in space where the absorbed dose needs to be determined. Gamma-ray-induced defects (color centers) in the glass plate start occurring, leading to a degree of saturation of the standard color, which is proportional, on a certain interval, to the absorbed dose. After the exposure, a high-quality digital image of the sample is taken, which is then processed (MATLAB), and its equivalent $I_{RGB}$ intensity value is determined. After a prior corroboration between various well-known absorbed dose values and their corresponding $I_{RGB}$ values, a calibration function is obtained. By using this calibration function, an "unknown" up-taken dose value can be determined.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.1763-1766
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• 2003

This paper proposes a non-contact color inspection system for plasma display panel (PDP). The red, green, and blue test pattern images are acquired by using the area color CCD camera at the various distance from the PDP. The RGB values are obtained from the region of interest (ROI) which are extracted by applying the image processing to the test pattern image. Finally, the CIE xy and u'v' chromaticity coordinates of the test pattern images according to the distance are acquired from the RGB color coordinates.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2015

Increase of national family income improved demand of high-quality and year-round horticultural products including chrysanthemum. To meet these demand, farmers have introduced protected facilities, such as greenhouses, of which environmental conditions could be monitored and controlled. Environment management up to three weeks after transplanting is critical for chrysanthemum quality. Artificial lighting and light-blocking screen are especially important for long-day (day period > 13 hours) and short-day (night period > 13 hours) treatments. In this study, a web-camera was installed, and the image was obtained and transmitted to mobile phones to monitor the status of 3-wavelength(RGB) lighting environments. RGB pixel values were used to determine malfunctioning of the lighting lamps, and leaking out and incoming illumination status during short-day and long-day treatment periods. Normal lighting lamps provided RGB pixel values of 240~255. During long-day treatment period, G pixel values were useful to detect abnormal lighting conditions (e.g., leaking). During short-day treatment period, R pixel values were useful to determine incoming light (e.g., sun-light). Results of this study would provide useful information for remote monitoring of light conditions for protected chrysanthemum production under artificial lights.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2022

In this paper, a method to directly calculate the major elements of skin color such as melanin and hemoglobin from the RGB signal of the camera is proposed. The main elements of skin color typically measure spectral reflectance using specific equipment, and reconfigure the values at some wavelengths of the measured light. The values calculated by this method include such things as melanin index and erythema index, and require special equipment such as a spectral reflectance measuring device or a multi-spectral camera. It is difficult to find a direct calculation method for such component elements from a general digital camera, and a method of indirectly calculating the concentration of melanin and hemoglobin using independent component analysis has been proposed. This method targets a region of a certain RGB image, extracts characteristic vectors of melanin and hemoglobin, and calculates the concentration in a manner similar to that of Principal Component Analysis. The disadvantage of this method is that it is difficult to directly calculate the pixel unit because a group of pixels in a certain area is used as an input, and since the extracted feature vector is implemented by an optimization method, it tends to be calculated with a different value each time it is executed. The final calculation is determined in the form of an image representing the components of melanin and hemoglobin by converting it back to the RGB coordinate system without using the feature vector itself. In order to improve the disadvantages of this method, the proposed method is to calculate the component values of melanin and hemoglobin in a feature space rather than an RGB coordinate system using a feature vector, and calculate the spectral reflectance corresponding to the skin color using a general digital camera. Methods and methods of calculating detailed components constituting skin pigments such as melanin, oxidized hemoglobin, deoxidized hemoglobin, and carotenoid using spectral reflectance. The proposed method does not require special equipment such as a spectral reflectance measuring device or a multi-spectral camera, and unlike the existing method, direct calculation of the pixel unit is possible, and the same characteristics can be obtained even in repeated execution. The standard diviation of density for melanin and hemoglobin of proposed method was 15% compared to conventional and therefore gives 6 times stable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.494-496
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• 1998

디지털 이미징(Digital Imaging) 분야에서 칼라 스캐너와 칼라 디지털 카메라와 같은 입력 장비들을 통하여 획득된 디지털 이미지는 장비 의존적인(Device Dependent) RGB칼라값으로 표현된다. 이러한 장비 의존적인 디지털 칼라 이미지는 인간 시각 체계의 칼라 인지 능력과 일치하지 않으므로 왜곡된 칼라를 제공하게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 장비 의존적인 RGB 칼라값을 장비 독립적인(Device Independent) XYZ 칼라값으로 변환하는 다양한 연구가 수행중이다[1-3]. 그러나, 이러한 연구 방법들은 서로 다른 Reflectance 값을 가지는 두 칼라가 특정한 환경하에서 동일한 XYZ 칼라값을 가지고, 또 다른 환경하에서 서로 다른 XYZ 칼라값을 가지는 Metamerism 문제를 해결할 수 없다. 본 논문은 이러한 Metamerism 문제를 해결하기 RGB 칼라값을 Reflectance 값으로 변환하였고, 기존의 연구 결과와 비교하였다.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2012

The visual sensing of human hands plays an important part in many man-machine interaction/interface systems. Most existing visionbased hand detection techniques depend on the color cues of human skin. The RGB color image from a vision sensor is often transformed to another color space as a preprocessing of hand detection because the color space transformation is assumed to increase the detection accuracy. However, the actual effect of color space transformation has not been well investigated in literature. This paper discusses a comparative evaluation of the pixel classification performance of hand skin detection in four widely used color spaces; RGB, YIQ, HSV, and normalized rgb. The experimental results indicate that using the normalized red-green color values is the most reliable under different backgrounds, lighting conditions, individuals, and hand postures. The nonlinear classification of pixel colors by the use of a multilayer neural network is also proposed to improve the detection accuracy.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.137-139
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• 2008

This study presents an approach to reconstruct high-resolution imagery for multispectral imagery of low-resolution using panchromatic imagery of high-resolution. The proposed scheme reconstructs a high-resolution image which agrees with original spectral values. It uses a linear model of high-and low- resolution images and consists of two stages. In this study, an 1m RGB image was generated from 4m IKONOS multispectral data.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.40-48
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• 2012

This paper models the hue shift phenomenon and proposes a hue correction method to give perceptual matching between projector with and without additional white channel. To quantify the hue shift phenomenon for whole hue angle, 24 color patches with the same lightness are frist created along equally-spaced hue angle, and these are displayed one by one both displays with different luminance levels. Next, each hue value of the patches appeared on the projector with additional white channel is adjusted by observers until the hue values of patches on both displays appear the same visually. After obtaining the hue shift values from the color matching experiment, these values are piecewise fit into six polynomial functions, which approximately determine shifted hue amounts for an arbitrary hue values of each pixel in projector with additional white channel and are utilized to correct them. Actually, an input RGB image is converted to CIELAB LCH color space to get hue values of each pixel and this hue value is shifted as much as the amount calculated by the functions of hue shift model for correction. Finally, corrected image is inversely converted to an output RGB image. For an evaluation, the matching experiment with several test images and the z-score comparisons were performed.