• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.463-472
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• 2023

산불에 대한 피해액과 피해 면적은 전 세계적으로 커지고 있지만 피해 후 복원 방법에 따른 효과연구는 부족한 현실이다. 본 연구는 Sentinel-2B 위성 영상과 임상도를 활용하여 산불 피해 면적을 산출하고, 임상에 따른 산불 피해 강도를 분석하였다. 또한, 다양한 파장대를 활용하여 식생지수를 계산하고, 이를 토대로 복원 방법에 따른 식생 회복력을 -1.0에서 1.0 범위 내에서 정량적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 침엽수림 비율이 높은 지역에서 높은 강도의 산불 피해가 발생하였고, 상대적으로 혼효림과 활엽수림의 비율이 높은 지역에서 낮은 강도의 산불 피해 경향을 보였다. 산불 발생 이후 인공림과 천연림에서의 식생 회복률을 분석한 결과, 인공림은 산불 발생 이전 대비 약 92%, 천연림은 약 101% 식생을 회복하였으며 인공림보다 천연림에서 식생 회복력이 우수한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 임상에 따른 산불 피해 강도를 분석하고 복원 방법에 따른 식생 회복력을 평가함으로써 산불 피해를 줄이기 위한 수목 선정에 기초자료를 제공하고 복원방법에 따른 식생회복력을 비교하는데 의의가 있다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2014

본 연구는 부산광역시 지정 기념물 제 46호인 동백섬에 대해 문화경관림으로서의 식생관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 동백섬 내 자연휴식년제 지역인 정상부 주변 $20,000m^2$이었다. 지형, 식생, 식생관리현황을 기준으로 식생구조 유형을 분류하였으며 유형별 식물군집구조 분석을 통해 관리방안을 도출하였다. 식생구조 유형은 관리되고 있는 동백나무림, 관리되지 않은 사스레피나무림, 험준지의 미관리된 사스레피나무림 등 3개로 구분되었으며, 식물군집구조 분석결과, 교목층에서는 곰솔이 우점하였고 아교목층에서는 동백나무(유형 I), 사스레피나무(유형II, III)가 우점하였다. 특히, 관목층을 중심으로 난대림의 극상수종인 후박나무가 일부 분포하였다. 흉고직경급별 분석결과, 유형 I, II에서 중경목의 팽나무와 후박나무가 일부 분포하였고 모든 유형의 관목층에서 후박나무가 4~44주 생육하였다. 교목층의 평균 수령은 66년, 아교목층은 22.9년이었으며 종다양도는 0.5472~0.8646로 분석되었다. 동백섬의 식생관리 방향으로서 기존 관리된 동백나무림은 주기적인 관리를 유지하며 관리되지 않은 사스레피나무림은 사스레피나무를 제거하고 동백나무를 식재하는 관리를 제안하였다. 관리되지 않은 험준지 사스레피나무림은 동백나무경관 형성이 불가능 할 것으로 예측되어 상록활엽수림으로의 천이유도 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2003

This research aims to classify wetland types and evaluate functions of a wetland created by abandoned rice paddies. The case study area is Ja-un wetland in Daejeon Metropolitan City. In this study, wetland types were classified based on the basic elements of wetlands such as hydrology, vegetation, and soil conditions. This study was carried out based upon field surveys, drawing maps and publication, and modified-RAM which can evaluate the general functions and conservation values of wetlands. The analysis shows that several types of wetlands were identified, such as Palustrine/ Perennial/ Hydrophytes, Palustrine/ Perennial/ Openwater, Palustrine/ Seasonal/Herbal, Palustrine/ Seasonal/ Shrub and Scrub, Palustrine/ Seasonal/ Hydrophye, and Riparian/ Seasonal/ Shrub and Scrub in the Ja-un wetland. The average level of functions of the wetlands is very "HIGH", and it is recommended that prompt conservation measures should be taken.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2012

The Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) is a five grade assessment map created with nationally integrated environmental information and environmental values. The map is made through the evaluation of 65 items, including greenbelt area and naturalness. Naturalness means original state of nature, and it is one of the most important evaluation items for conserving nature. The criteria of naturalness includes the Degree of Green Naturality (DGN) made by MOE. Using the data which has been not updated is a problem of accuracy for ECVAM. Therefore, this study would like to improve the criteria of naturalness. To improve the criteria, the study examined the effectiveness of DGN using field survey. The results of analysis the naturalness without DGN, some area changed grade of naturalness have been already damaged or cleared for agriculture and industrial purposes. The grade of naturalness should be included the concept of vegetation transition like DGN. The study suggested a improved method using vegetation type (natural and planted forest), forest age, and the grade of vegetation conservation. The method was reviewed by experts and field survey. After applying the method in South Korea, the grade of naturalness were distributed evenly like GradeI is 38.87%, GradeII is 37.62%, GradeIII is 23.51%, respectively. From the results of field survey, over 4 grade of forest age in natural forest showed similar pattern of structure and composition in original forests. Therefore, the improved criteria explained the naturalness better than existing criteria, and the accuracy of ECVAM has been improved more.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.92-103
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• 2008

Development of new approaches to achieve naturally good ecological potential of forest road cut-slope by making the best use of advantages of gabion systems with vegetation base materials to prevent slope failure and erosion, in the area with highly erodible soil. As a result on the type analysis of gabion systems already installed in road cut-slopes, gabion systems were generally established to prevent slope failure. Existing gabion systems can be divided into monolithic and modular system and can be divided into ten subtypes according to the purpose of establishment and combination of other measures. As a result on the monitoring of erosion amount from forest road cut-slopes in the test applications, the order of erosion amount from largest to smallest is as follows : the curved road cut-slope site where normal gabion system was established ($7,911cm^3$); the control site ($7,632cm^3$); the straight road cut-slope site where normal gabion system was established ($7,301cm^3$); the curved road cut-slope site where the new gabion system was established ($5,684cm^3$); and the straight road cut-slope site where the new gabion system ($5,325cm^3$). Therefore, the result shows that the new gabion system is more effective than the normal gabion system to reduce erosion amount from forest ! road cut-slopes. During the study period, vegetation coverages of the straight and curved road cut-slope site where the new gabion system was established were about 45% and about 36%, so average vegetation coverage of the sites where the new gabion systems was established was higher than the sites where the normal gabion systems was established. Therefore, it was concluded that the new gabion system can be more effective for cut-slope revegetation.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2009

A palustrine wetland is a type of a wetland that prevails in Korea as well as an ecosystem that provides various ecological functions and has affluent biodiversity. This study was conducted to understand the characteristics of vegetation in a palustrine wetland by analyzing a life form and naturalized plants, in order to present the maintenance and utilization plan of a small wetland. A total of 249 taxa including 76 families, 188 generics, 209 species, 38 varieties and 2 forma were found at six investigated wetlands. As a result of the appearance ratio analysis, Therophytes (37.8%) with 94 taxa and Hemicryptophytes (31.3%) with 78 taxa were in order of life form, and Gramineae (14.1 %) with 35 taxa and Compositae (11.2 %) with 28 taxa were in order of family level. These were deemed representative vegetation in a palustrine wetland. Equosetum arvense, Phragmites communis, Commelina communis, Persicaria thunbergii, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Stellaria media, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis and Artemisia princeps var, orientalis were found continuously for a period of investigation in all sites. Equosetum arvense, Phragmites communis and Persicaria thunbergii were species with high appearance frequency. Especially, Persicaria thunbergii was construed high in a cover ratio in May as it develop first among Hydrophytes and form a canopy sooner than anything else. We found that a degree of naturalization and an urbanization index appear comparatively high in Yeongok-ri, Cheonan, Gangjang-ri, Asan and Yodang-ri, Hwasung, which is construed due to artificial interference, such as fanning, fishing, swimming and green-tour program. These results would be used to utilize in restoring a deserted and damaged wetland and to provide fundamental data in creating a wetland as follows.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1999

Secondary vegetation. the holistically integrated system of nature and human being, is the complicated ecosystem that is composed of natural and man-created factors. Understanding the ecological function of secondary vegetation supplies us many important informations for sustainable landscape management and ecological restoration planning. In this research, we tried to examine the shape effect of vegetation patch on early structure of populations of pine and oaks. Moreover. we also tried to clarify the ecological functions of patch edge by exploring the patch effect on germination using patch index. In addition, we present the landscape structure of man -made vegetation of our study area, and setting experimental design of research. Vegetation landscape of study area is typical human disturbed landscape mainly composed of disturbance patches. Vegetation types of graveyard and managed pine forest were controlled by periodically repeated management. However, current seedlings of pine occurred well at both vegetation types. Presence of both saplings were more controlled in managed pine forest (PDM) and graveyard (G) than those of undergrowth (PD) and forest edge (FE) with canopy trees. The number of pine seedlings increased with patch size and patch perimeter. That of oak seedlings was, however, not significantly different. Larger graveyards provided higher light availability for germination of pine seedlings. We think, however, most seedlings of both species in the large sized graveyards without shade will die more easily than that of small sized ones before rainy summer. Relationships between patch shape and germination of two woody species cannot be exactly explained enough yet in these results. More informations on spatial interaction of the total species with differently sized patches are necessary to solve the concept of patch effect on species colonization.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2016

Since Gyungan stream is included in the protected zone of the water supply source of the Metropolitan area in Korea, the water quality needs to be continuously managed. Therefore, a measure is required that can inhibit the flow of water pollutant into the water body and facilitate the ecological restoration of riparian vegetation. A field survey was conducted on the hydrological characteristics of the landscape elements established on the downstream catchment of the Gyungan stream, the result of which showed that the paddy field and urbanized area can be regarded as point pollution sources. The upland field can be regarded as a non-point pollution source. In order to improve the water quality in the Paldang lake, we first recommended creating a riparian vegetation belt. We also suggested introducing a treatment wetland and an artificial plant island to places in which the creation of a riparian vegetation belt is not ensured. We recommend creating a treatment wetland equipped with diverse functional groups. For creating the plant island, we recommend Zizania latifolia and Typha orientalis, which showed the highest productivity among aquatic plants. The former could be introduced around the outlet of a paddy field and the estuary of tributaries, while the latter could be introduced to a water body directly sourced from mountainous land.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.84-101
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• 2004

This study presents an ecological management plan for wildbird habitat conservation, an nature-friendly enhancement of bio-diversity using the riverside of the Tancheon Ecosystem Conservation Area in Seoul by analyzing environmental and ecological characteristics. As a result of analyzing actual vegetation, vegetation type was classified into 34 types. Humulus japonicus association covers an area of 441,568.6㎡(31.44％), and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis association covers an area of 89,690.1㎡(6.39％). Sandy plain as valuable wildbird habitat covers an area of 89,965.9㎡(6.4％). 125 taxa including 34 families, 93 genera, 107 species, and 18 varieties were recorded and the number of naturalized plants were 41 taxa at the survey site. Total naturalized index(NI) and urbanized index(UI) were recorded as 32.8％, and 15.5％. As a result of analyzing the herb plants association structure by surveying 8 belt-transects, the humid native plants was dominant in the partially adjacent revetment edge and damp riverside. On the other hand, naturalized plants was so extensively dominant that it was necessary to establish an ecological management plan. The observed wildbirds belonged to 50 species, 6,118 individuals, and 7 restricted species by law, which were Accipiter gentilis, Falco tinnunculus, Buteo hemilasius, and Buteo buteo. Oriolus chinensis,Hirundo rustica, and Alcedo atthis. The ecological administration plan for Tancheon Ecosystem Conservation Area as follows: in ecological land-use planning, the conservation area(695,518.5㎡) has native woody and herb vegetation and sandy plain with water as an wildbird habitat. The restoration area(653,702.7㎡) has a naturalized plants distribution are with artificial revetment. The nature-friendly Riverside Area(55,414.9㎡) was an easily approached area with damaged riverside vegetation, and a safe area to wildbird habitat. In riverside restoration planning, the artificial riverside should be restored to its natural riverside vegetation, and the artificial embankment should be restored with edge shrubs for wildbird habitat or revegetated for natural riverside landscape. For naturalized plants management planning, we selected naturalized plant species to be weeded out, and suggested an application method for ecological management.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2019

Background: Cliffs are a major plant habitat around the coastal area, but in contrast to sand dunes and salt marshes, they have been little investigated in Korea. There are simple descriptions of cliff vegetation in studies on island vegetation, but there is no published paper, which addressed sea cliff vegetation synthetically. Furthermore, the coastal area where this study was carried out was designated as a conservation reserve. Even though, this area is exposed to intense recreational use such as trekking in these days. This study aims to clarify spatial distribution and structure of vegetation along the environmental gradient on coastal cliff and plateau in the Janggi peninsula (Homigot) located on southeastern Korea. Further, this study has also another objective to prepare a restoration plan to protect this conservation reserve from intense human disturbance. Results: Landscape elements were arranged in the order of sea cliff risen directly on the sea, seashore, coastal cliff, and plateau covered with relatively deep soil in a coastal area of the Janggi peninsula (Homigot), southeastern Korea. Vegetation was sampled at 59 plots arranged from the sea cliff through the seashore and coastal cliff to plateau. The sea cliff, seashore, and coastal cliff, which compose the coastal landscape, were dominated by the seashore spatulate aster (Aster spathulifolius Maxim.) community, dwarf sand sedge (Carex pumila Thunb.) community, and seashore spatulate aster (Aster spathulifolius Maxim.) community. On the plateau corresponding to the ridge of the coastal cliff, black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) community, golden rain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann) community, east Asian hackberry (Celtis sinensis Pers.) community, sawleaf zelkova (Zelkova serrata Makino) community, and Korean oak (Quercus dentata Thunb.) community were established in the mentioned order along distance from the sea. Stand ordination showed a vegetation sequence from the seashore through the cliff to the plateau, consistent in its overall pattern among sites. This was dominated by topography. There is evidence for the importance also of salinity, drought and of soil depth. Conclusion: The lack of scientific interest in cliffs to date is in striking contrast to the commonness of cliffs around the whole national territory and to the attraction cliffs have had for humans throughout history. Cliffs provide a unique habitat, rarely investigated from an ecological viewpoint. Cliffs may represent an invaluable type of ecosystem, consisting of some of the least disturbed habitats on earth and contributing more to the biodiversity of a region than their surface coverage would indicate. Although this coastal area where this study was carried out was designated as a conservation reserve, this area is in danger of severe disturbance due to excessive recreational use. We recommended a restoration plan to protect this area from such a disturbance.