• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.218-224
• /
• 2017

In order to improve the quality of air in urban areas, the emission regulations are being strengthened by the government. The on-road test of light-duty vehicles was started with PEMS because certification test mode does not sufficiently reflect on-road conditions. Therefore, The PEMS-based test was implemented from Sep. 2017 in Europe and Korea. However, this is lack of data on various on-road patterns in Korea. The purpose of the present study has analyzed the effect of speed per acceleration and acceleration on NOx emission on-road driving. The test route consisted of urban, rural, and motorway in Seoul. This study has been conducted by Euro-6 vehicles using on SCR system with PEMS. The on-road emission characteristics were evaluated by moving averaging windows (MAW) method. In results, RDE-NOx by severe driving pattern has been 1.4 times higher than soft driving pattern NIER Route 1.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.67-70
• /
• 2014

Recently EU has been recognized that there is a difference of emission quantity between emission certification test mode and real-road driving test. Accordingly the European Commission is currently preparing to require real-road testing as part of the passenger car type-approval process in the EU. vehicle manufacturers from 2017 are expected to test new vehicles not only under laboratory conditions but also on the real-road, using PEMS equipment. Therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze the emission and Fuel Economy of CVS-75 mode test using chassis dynamometer and RDE test using PEMS equipment by PHEV passenger car.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.479-486
• /
• 2007

Bicarbonate 완충용액에서 Co-RDE를 이용하여 RDE 회전속도와 완충용액 속의 염화이온이 Co의 부식과 부동화에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. Co-RDE의 회전속도가 부식에 미치는 영향은 Levich 식과 일치하였으며 부동화 막을 파괴하는데 염화이온의 효과가 큼을 알 수 있었다. 혼합 전위 이론을 사용하여 대류확산 조건에서 회전속도의 증가에 따라 부식전위가 양의 방향으로 증가하는 모형을 발견하였다. Tafel 영역에서 Co의 용해반응과 수소가 발생하는 환원반응은 전하이동과 물질이동을 이용하여 설명할 수 있었다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.218-225
• /
• 2015

The electrochemical behaviors of various metals with and without diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were investigated. The effect of hydrodynamic conditions was focused by employing a rotating disc electrode (RDE). The experimental results showed that each bare metal had a more positive corrosion potential and a higher corrosion rate due to enhanced oxygen transport at the higher rotating speed of the RDE. DLC coating caused a substantial increase in the corrosion resistance of all metals studied. However, localized corrosion was still found in the DLC-coated metal at sites where deposition defects existed. Surface morphology examination was performed after the electrochemical test to confirm the roles of hydrodynamic conditions and DLC coating.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제55권4호
• /
• pp.575-580
• /
• 2011

Borate 완충용액에서 전극의 회전속도와 용액에 녹아 있는 $O_2$가 Zn-RDE의 부식에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 아연의 부식은 RDE의 회전속도와 산소의 양에 크게 영향을 받았으며, 부식 반응구조로 가역적 1-전자 전이에 이어서 일어나는 불균등화 반응(disproportion reaction)을 제안하였다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제58권5호
• /
• pp.437-444
• /
• 2014

변전위법과 전기화학적 임피던스측정법(electrochemical impedence spectroscopy)을 이용하여 borate 완충용액에서 Co-RDE의 전기화학적 부식과 부동화에 대하여 조사하였다. Tafel 기울기, 코발트 회전원판전극의 회전속도, 임피던스 그리고 부식전위와 부식전류의 pH 의존성으로부터 코발트의 부식과 부동화 반응 메커니즘과 환원반응에서의 수소 발생 반응구조를 제안하였다. EIS data로부터 등가회로를 제안하였으며 산화반응의 영역별로 전기화학적 변수들을 측정하였다. 부식전위에서 측정된 Nyquist plot의 induction loop가 낮은 주파수 영역에서 관측되는 것으로 보아 흡착/탈착 현상이 Co의 부식과정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서는 비트율-왜곡 (R-D) 이론을 사용하는 웨이브렛 기반 정지영상 부호화 방식을 위한 효율적인 알고리즘을 제안한다. 트리 구조에 기반한 기존의 부호화 방식은 비트율-왜곡 이론을 고려하지 않았기 때문에 감소된 부호화 성능을 지닌다. 본 논문에서는 계층적 트리 분할 (SPIHBT) 알고리즘에 비트율-왜곡 최적화 임베딩 (RDE) 연산을 적용한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 SPIHT의 리스트에 웨이브렛 계수의 부호화 순서를 위한 기준으로 비트율-왜곡 경사를 사용한다. 이를 위한 변형된 트리분할과 비트율-왜곡 최적화 리스트 스캔 방식을 설명한다. 제안된 방식은 기존의 SPIHT 및 RDE 알고리즘에 비해 향상된 비트율-화질 성능을 보인다.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.136-148
• /
• 2018

Major countries have tighten their NOx regulation of diesel passenger cars. In the case of the EU, the regulation has been toughen up to 6.25 times since 2000. Despite the regulation the NOx concentration of the ambient has not been reduced proportionally. As these issues, to reduce NOx emission practically, Korea and the EU introduced the real-world driving emission (RDE) regulation and the test method that will be applied after 2017. In this paper, for the regulation to make a soft landing in Korea, 6 diesel passenger cars which met Euro 6a~6d regulation and were equipped with LNT/SCR were tested at a chassis dynamometer with environmental chamber applying the off-cycles (FTP, US06, SC03, HWFET and CADC) and several ambient conditions (-7 and $14^{\circ}C$) as well as certification modes (NEDC, WLTC@ $23^{\circ}C$). The result of the test showed that the ambient temp. and the engine load as a test mode impacted the NOx emission of the cars while the vehicles with SCR emitted NOx lower than with LNT. Additionally, to propose an effective RDE test method, the above result was compared with the results of the other papers which tested RDE using the same cars.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2019

It is expected that the introduction of real-driving emission will strengthen the exhaust emission. However, various researches have been reported that real-driving emission has been influenced by factors such as characteristics of the test routes and driving characteristics for drivers. In order to reflect this effect, European Commission applied the concept of driving dynamics to prevent deliberately driving of excessive and acceleration over RDE test. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of exhaust emissions according to real-driving test in three test routes and driving style. As a result of the test, it was confirmed that when the same driver tested real-driving test under three test routes, it depends on the driving characteristics of the route. Also, RDE-NOx for driving style was that severe driving has been about 16 times higher than normal driving in KNUT route.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.184-190
• /
• 2023

The European Union has instituted a new emission standard protocol that necessitates real-time measurements from vehicles on actual roads. The adequate development of routes for real driving emissions (RDE) mandates substantial resources, encompassing both vehicles and a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). In this study, a simulation tool was utilized to predict the vehicle speed traversing the routes developed for the RDE measurements. Initially, the vehicle powertrain system was modeled for both a gasoline hybrid vehicle and a gasoline engine-only vehicle. Subsequently, the speed profile for the specified vehicle was constructed based on the RDE route developed for the EURO-6 standard. Finally, the predicted vehicle speed profiles for highway and urban routes were assessed utilizing the actual driving data. The driving model predicted more consistency in the vehicle speed at each driving section. Meanwhile, the human driver tended to accelerate further, and then decelerate in each section, instead of cruising at a predicted section speed.