• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.871-876
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• 2001

Recent earthquakes in California and Japan caused extensive damage to highway bridge structures. It is also thought that during probable earthquakes bridge structures in Korea could be failed due to the structural deficiencies, which were nonseismically designed and constructed before 1992. In these regards, innovative strengthening methods have been developed to repair reinforced concrete bridge columns, especially by glassfiber sheet bonding methods which are widely used today. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the seismic behavior of RC bridge columns retrofitted with composite straps and to propose pertinent guidelines of repair and rehabilitation method for earthquake resistant design procedure of RC bridges which are located in low or moderate seismicity regions. Six scaled-down concrete test specimens were made with test variables such as lap splice ratio, axial force ratio, confinement ratio, composite straps in the plastic hinge region. Pertinent design guidelines could be developed for the earthquake resistant design of RC bridge piers retrofitted with glassfibers in low or moderate seismic region.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.97-100
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• 2005

It has been known that lab splices of the longitudinal reinforcement steel in bridge columns are not desirable for seismic performance, but it is sometimes unavoidable. Lap splices were usually be located in the plastic hinge region of most bridge columns that were constructed before the adoption of the seismic design provision of Korea Bridge Design Specification on 1992. This research is to evaluate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridge piers with lap splicing of longitudinal reinforcement in the plastic hinge region, and to develop the enhancement scheme of their seismic capacity by retrofitting with steel bands. It was observed that RC bridge specimens with lap-spliced longitudinal steels appeared to fail at low curvature and displacement ductility, but significant improvement was appeared in the ductility of RC specimens with steel bands retrofitted around the plastic hinge region.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.823-828
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• 2002

Lap splice in plastic hinge region of RC bridge piers is inevitable because of the constructional joint between footing and column. RC circular columns with lap-splice in plastic hinge region are widely used in Korean highway bridges. It is, however, believed that there we not many experimental research works for nonlinear behavior of these columns subjected to earthquake motions. This study has been peformed to verify the effect of lap splice and confinement steel ratio for the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete bridge piers. Quasi-static test have been done to investigate the physical seismic performance of RC bridge piers, such as displacement ductility.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

1989년 로마프리타지진 및 1995년 효고현 남부지진등 많은 교각에서 휨-전단 파괴에 의한 피해가 발생하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 지금까지의 교각의 내진성능에 관한 연구는 대부분 휨파괴에 대한 연구가 지배적이었다. RC 교각의 내진성능은 교각의 소성힌지구간의 성능에 좌우되고 있으며, 소성힌지의 연성은 곡률에 의해 평가하는 것이 바람직하다. 실험연구는 지진하중의 손상을 입은 RC교각의 휨전단거동에 관한 소성힌지구간 내의 곡률변화를 평가하였다. 실험에 사용된 7기의 실험체는 형상비 2.5에 횡방향 구속력, 주철근의 겹침이음 그리고 섬유보강을 변수로 가지고 있다. 이 실험체는 유사동적실험 수행을 통해 손상을 주었으며, 유사동적실험 후에는 일정한 축력,$P=0.1f_{ck}A_g$을 유지하면서 변위제어방식으로 유사정적실험을 실시하여 잔류내진성능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 기초에서 15cm 구간에 가장 큰 곡률이 발생하였으며 파괴도 이 단면에 집중되었다. 또한, 연성도 분석결과 주철근이 겹침이음 된 RC 교각이 낮은 곡률연성도를 보였으며, 이를 섬유보강한 실험체의 휨강성과 곡률연성도는 현저히 개선되었다. 그리고, 교각의 곡률변화를 분석하여 횡구속력을 고려한 등가소성힌지길이 산정식을 제안하였으며, 이 제안된 식을 적용하여 변위연성도와 곡률연성도 관계를 분석하였다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.269-275
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• 2006

In the design of bridge piers in seismic area, the ductility requirement is one of the most important design criteria. In order to enhance the seismic performance of RC columns, it is necessary to make the ductility of columns larger by covering RC columns with steel tubes or confining RC columns by arranging transverse reinforcement such as hoop ties closely. Concrete encased composite columns can be utilized for bridge piers especially in seismic area. In this paper, finite element analyses are performed to study the nonlinear behavior of concrete encased composite columns with single core steel or multiple steel elements under static and quasi-static loads. The cross-sections of these specimens ate composed of concrete-encased H-shaped structural steel columns and a concrete-encased circular tube with partial in-filled concrete. Test parameters were the amount of the transverse reinforcement, encased steel member, and loading axis. Through the comparison between FE analyses and test results, adequate material models for confined concrete and unconfined concrete ate investigated. After getting the proper analysis models for composite columns, several parameters are considered to suggest design considerations on the details of composite piers.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.204-209
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop new seismic design concept based on ductility demand for reinforced concrete bridge columns in areas of low to moderate seismicity. In developing the ductility based design approach, relationship between ductility demand and transverse reinforcement demand should be quantitatively developed. To evaluate ductility capacity of reinforced concrete columns, analytical models and a non-linear analysis program, NARCC have been developed. Based on analytical and experimental results, an equation for relationship between curvature ductility and displacement ductility, an equation for designing the transverse confinement reinforcement for ductility demand, and a new seismic design concept of RC bridge columns are presented.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.877-882
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• 2001

Lap splice in plastic hinge region of RC bridge piers is inevitable because of the constructional joint between footing and column. RC circular columns with lap-splice in plastic hinge region are widely used in Korean highway bridges. It is, however, believed that there are not many experimental research works for nonlinear behavior of these columns subjected to earthquake motions. This study has been performed to verify the effect of axial force, lap splice and confinement steel ratio for the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete bridge piers. Quasi-static test have been done to investigate the physical seismic performance of RC bridge piers, such as displacement ductility and enemy absorption.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.687-696
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• 2004

철근콘크리트 교각의 시공시 소성힌지구간에서 주철근 겹침이음은 내진성능면에서 바람직하지 않으나 불가피하게 시공되는 경우가 있었다. 특히, 1992년 도로교표준시방서의 내진설계 기준이 마련되기 이전에 설계 시공된 대부분의 철근콘크리트 교각은 소성힌지구간에 주철근을 겹침이음 하였으며, 이들은 휨에 대한 소성영역에서의 거동에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 직경 1.2m, 형상비 4.0의 휨파괴가 예상되는 비내진 및 한정연성시험체를 8기 제작하여 준정적(Quasi-Static)실험을 통한 철근콘크리트(RC) 교각의 소성힌지구간내의 주철근 겹침이음과 횡방향구속력이 내진성능에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험체의 변수로서는 $0\%,\;50\%,\;100\%$의 주철근 겹침이음, 2종류의 횡구속철근비 및 띠철근 형상을 선택하였다. 연구결과 주철근 겹침이음 정도에 따라 철근콘크리트 교각의 내진성능은 급격히 저하되었으며, 겹침이음이 없는 한정연성설계된 시험체의 경우 높은 내진성능을 발휘하였다. 연구결과에 따라 중저진지역에서 겹침이음된 주철근 교각의 내진성능을 위한 적절한 횡방향철근량을 제안하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.941-946
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• 2001

The objectives of this study are to investigate effective stiffness of Rectangular reinforced concrete bridge columns. It is reasonable to use yielding effective stiffness of columns in seismic bridge design, especially in case that plastic hinges form at the bridge columns. In this study, the material nonlinear analysis was conducted for 3, 240 column sections of which variables were the concrete compressive stress, the steel yielding stress, the longitudinal steel location parameter, the longitudinal steel ratio, the axial load level, and the diameter of section. Based on the analytical results, an effective stiffness including two variables(longitudinal steel ratio and axial load ratio) was proposed by regression analyses, and it is compared with test results and the proposed equation for yielding effective stiffness of circular bridge columns.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.453-456
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• 2003

This research is to evaluate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridge piers with lap-spliced longitudinal reinforcement steels in the plastic hinge region, and to develop the enhancement scheme of their seismic capacity. Six circular columns of 0.6m diameter and 1.5m height were made with two confinement steel ratios. They were damaged under series of artificial earthquakes that could be compatible in Korean peninsula. Directly after the pseudo-dynamic test, damaged columns were retested under inelastic reversal cyclic loading simultaneously under an axial load, P=$0.1f_{ck}A_{g}$, and residual seismic performance of damaged columns was evaluated. Test results show that RC bridge piers with lap-spliced longitudinal steels behaved with minor damage even under artificial earthquakes with 0.22g PGA, but failed at low ductility subjected to the subsequent quasi-static load test. This failure was due to the debonding of the lap splice. The specimens externally wrapped with composite FRP straps in the potential plastic hinge region showed significant improvement both in flexural strength and displacement ductility.