• Computers and Concrete
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2013

There is an abundance of research on the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structural elements such as beams, columns and slabs with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Less research by comparison has been conducted on the strengthening of RC beam-column connections and the majority of such research has been predominantly experimental to date. Few existing experimental studies have reported extensive instrumentation of test specimens which in turn makes understanding the behavior of the connections and especially the contributions made by the FRP difficult to ascertain. In addition, there has been even more limited research on the analytical and numerical modelling of FRP-strengthened connections. In this paper, detailed descriptions of key strategies to model FRP-strengthened RC connections with finite elements are provided. An extensively instrumented and comprehensively documented set of experiments on FRP-strengthened connections is firstly presented and finite element models are then constructed using ANSYS. The study shows that the finite element approach is able to capture the overall behavior of the test specimens including the failure mode as well as the behavior of the FRP which will most importantly lead to a detailed understanding of the FRP and the future development of rational analytical models. The finite element models are, however, unable to model the stiffness of the connections with accuracy in the ultimate load range of response.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.629-643
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• 2016

Among all the natural disasters, earthquakes are the most destructive calamities since they cause a plenty of injuries and economic losses leaving behind a series of signs of panic. The present study highlights the moment-curvature relationships for the structural elements such as beam and column elements and Non-Linear Static Pushover Analysis of RC frame structures since it is a very simplified procedure of non-linear static analysis. The highly popular model namely Mander's model and Kent and Park model are considered and then, seismic risk evaluation of RC building has been conducted using SAP 2000 version 17 treating uncertainty in strength as a parameter. From the obtained capacity and demand curves, the performance level of the structure has been defined. The seismic fragility curves were developed for the variations in the material strength and damage state threshold are calculated. Also the comparison of experimental and analytical results has been conducted.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2003

현재 국내에서 설계 및 시공되고 있는 비내진상세를 가진 RC구조물의 이력거동특성과 내진성능이 밝혀져 있지 않다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 일반적인 10층 철근콘크리트 구조물의 외부 보-기둥접합부를 선정하여 슬래브의 유무, 보하부 주근의 접합부내로의 정착방항, 접합부내 보강근의 유무에 따라 6개의 1/3축소 실험체를 만들어 반복횡하중 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 슬래브가 있는 실험체가 없는 실험체에 비해 정모멘트일 때 25%, 부모멘트일 때62%의 큰 강도를 나타냈고, 보하부 주근이 상부로 정착된 것이 하부로 정착된 경우보다 정모멘트일 때 8 %, 부모멘트일 때 11% 강도 증가효과가 있었다. 그리고 접합부내에 전단보강근이 보 주근의 뽑힘을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2010년도 춘계 학술대회 제22권1호
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• pp.115-116
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 1988년 이후에 중력하중에 대하여 설계되고 국내 철근 관행에 따라 배근된 철근콘크리트 골조 외부접합부의 거동 특성에 대하여 연구하기 위하여, 4개의 T형 부분골조 실험체를 만들고 변위비가 3.5%에 도달할 때까지 변위 하중을 가력하였다. 모든 시험체는 변비위 1%에 도달하기 전에 접합부에 파괴가 발생하여 FEMA의 제안치보다 작게 나타났으며, 종국강도가 휨 공칭강도에 의한 내력의 0.85배 이하로 나타났다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.395-406
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• 2021

This study experimentally and analytically investigates the shear behavior of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams repaired using steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) in the flexural zone. The experimental parameters are the corrosion degree (0%, 12%, and 17%) and the steel fiber volume in the SFRC (1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%). The test results reveal that corrosion degree significantly affects the shear resistance of the beams. The shear capacity of the beam with the corrosion degree of 17% was higher than that of the uncorroded beam, whereas the shear capacity of the beam with the corrosion degree of 12% was lower than that of the uncorroded beam. The shear efficiency of damaged beams can be recovered by repairing them using SFRC that contains a reasonable amount of steel fibers. In addition, two methods to estimate the shear capacity of the repaired beams are developed using the modified truss analogy and strut-and-tie models. The estimated shear capacity of the beam using the modified truss analogy model agrees well with the experimental data.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.717-733
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• 2011

Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) members against shear that is one of the failure modes especially avoided by using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used technique, which is studied at many experimental studies. However, conducting experimental studies are required more financial resources and laboratory facilities. In addition, along with financial resources, more time is needed in order to carry out comprehensive experimental studies. For these reasons, a verified finite element model that is tested with previous experimental studies can be used for reaching generalized results and investigating parameters that are not studied. For this purpose, previous experimental study results are used and "T" cross-sectioned RC beams strengthened with CFRP strips with insufficient shear strength are modeled by using ANSYS software. First, finite elements modeling of the previously tested RC beams are done, and then the computed results are compared with the experimental ones whether they are matched or not. As a result, the finite element model is verified. Later, analyses of the cases without any test results are done by using the verified model. Optimum CFRP strip spacing is determined with this verified finite element model, and compared with the experimental findings.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.429-449
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• 2013

Current Design Codes for Reinforced Concrete (RC) interior beam-column joints are based on limited experimental studies on the seismic behavior of eccentric joints. To supplement existing information, an experimental study was conducted that focused on the effect of eccentricity of the deeper beams with respect to the shallow beams. A total of eight one-third scale interior joints with beams of different depths were subjected to reverse cyclic loading. The primary variables in the test specimens were the amount of joint transverse reinforcement and the cross section of the shallow beams. The overall performance of each test assembly was found to be unsatisfactory in terms of joint shear strength, stiffness, energy dissipation and shear deformation. The results indicated that the vertical eccentricity of spandrel beams in this type of joint led to lower capacity in joint shear strength and severe damage of concrete in the joint core. Increasing the joint shear reinforcement was not effective to alter the failure mode from joint shear failure to beam yielding which is favorable for earthquake resistance design, whereas it was effective to reduce the crack width at the small loading stages. Based on the observed behavior, the shear stress of the joint core was suggested to be kept as low as possible for a safe and practical design of this type of joint.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2017

To upgrade shear performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, and particularly of the segments under negative moment within continuous T-section beams, a series of original schemes has been proposed using carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) U-shaped strips for shear-strengthening. The current work focuses on one of them, in which CFRP U-strips are wound around steel bars against the top of the flange of a T-beam and then spliced on its bottom face in addition to being bonded onto its sides. The test results showed that the proposed scheme successfully provided reliable anchorage for U-strips and prevented premature onset of shear failure due to FRP debonding. The governing shear mode of failure changed from peeling of CFRP to its fracture or crushing of concrete. The strengthened specimens displayed an average increase of about 60% in shear capacity over the unstrengthened control one. The specimen with a relatively high ratio and uniform distribution of CFRP reinforcement had a maximum increase of nearly 75% in strength as well as significantly improved ductility. The formulas by various codes or guidelines exhibited different accuracy in estimating FRP contribution to shear resistance of the segments that are subjected to negative moment and strengthened with well-anchored FRP U-strips within continuous T-beams. Further investigation is necessary to find a suitable approach to predicting load-carrying capacity of continuous beams shear strengthened in this way.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.291-302
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• 2018

Rigid body spring method (RBSM) is an effective tool to simulate the cracking process of structures, and has been successfully applied to investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) members. However, the theoretical researches and engineering applications of this method mainly focus on two-dimensional problems as yet, which greatly limits its applications in actual engineering projects. In this study, a three-dimensional (3-D) RBSM for RC structures is proposed. In the proposed model, concrete, reinforcing steels, and their interfaces are represented as discrete entities. Concrete is partitioned into a collection of rigid blocks and a uniform distribution of normal and tangential springs is defined along their boundaries to reflect its material properties. Reinforcement is modeled as a series of bar elements which can be freely positioned in the structural domain and irrespective of the mesh geometry of concrete. The bond-slip characteristics between reinforcing steel and concrete are also considered by introducing special linkage elements. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method is firstly confirmed by an elastic T-shape beam, and then it is applied to analyze the failure processes of a Z-type component under direct shear loading and a RC beam under two-point loading.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.703-710
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• 2010

기존 구조물에서 RC보는 여러 가지 이유로 불충분한 전단에 대한 문제에 직면하게 된다. 전단내력이 부족한 RC보의 전단 보강방법으로 강판이 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 앵커볼트가 체결된 경사, 수직 슬릿형 강판의 표면부착에 의해 전단보강된 RC보에 대한 실험을 하였으며, 여러 형태의 앵커볼트 체결 슬릿형 강판으로 보강된 RC보에 대한 전단보강효과, 파괴모드 및 전단내력을 평가하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 실험의 변수는 앵커볼트가 부착된 슬릿의 폭, 간격, 경사각 및 수직 길이로 하였다. 연구 결과, 에폭시 부착과 볼트 체결로 보강된 슬릿형 강판 실험체의 파괴 유형은 최대하중 시 전단파괴 모드로 나타났다. 휨균열은 보의 인장측에서 최초로 발생하였으며, 경사 균열은 전단스팬에서 발생하였다. 최종적으로 에폭시 부착과 볼트 체결로 보강된 슬릿형 강판에서의 급격한 박리현상은 지연되었으며, RC보의 본체로부터 완전하게 분리 되지는 않음을 알 수 있었다.