• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Recently, the need for a method to cultivate 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin has been increasing. However, there is limited information available as this is a new Satsuma mandarin cultivar, which was bred by the RDA in 2004. Many farmers who cultivate this cultivar follow the cultivation method similar to that used for 'Miyagawa' Satsuma mandarin, and suffer low production of optimum-sized fruits. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted to find out the optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit for the stable production of high quality 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin fruits in a non-heated plastic film house. Seven-year-old 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin trees were used in the study. Before the treatment, the leaf-to-fruit ratio ranged from 5.7 to 17.9. The treatments included 10, 20, 30, and 40 leaves per fruit. The fruits were removed if over fruiting was observed at day 60 after full bloom. We investigated the fruit size and quality on the day of harvest. Flowering and fruiting patterns in each treatment were recorded for the following year. In the experiments, the flower-to-leaf ratio was 1.12 to 1.74. As the leaf-to-fruit ratio decreased, the fruit size and weight also decreased. Contrarily, the higher the ratio of leaf-to-fruit, the higher fruit size and weight were. It was noted that the ratio of 20:1 was ideal to produce the M grade optimum-sized Satsuma mandarin fruits on the day of harvest. However, higher ratio might result in fruits weighting above 100 g. There was no difference among the treatments in terms of fruit quality, such as total soluble solid contents, titratable acid, and color. In the subsequent years, flowering and fruiting in the treatments were lowered when the leaf number per fruit was 10, but they were improved when the leaf number per fruit was above 20. CONCLUSION: Based on the above results, the optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit was found to be 20:1 for flowering and fruiting of 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin. It is important that optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit is set as a standard to produce good grade and quality of 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin fruits.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1983

향끽미종잎담배인 소향의 시비량을 달리하여 엽면수지량과 생육형질과의 관계를 조사한 바, 주당 및 단위 엽면적당의 엽면수지량은 질소수준간에 유의차를 보여 3k9/ 10a수준에서 많았고 인산 및 가리의 영향은 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 주당엽면적수지량은 초장. 최대영장과 폭. 주당건엽중 및 생명중과 평균엽면적 과는 각각 정 (+). 엽후와는 부(-)의 상관이 나타났다. 단위엽면적당 엽면수지량은 단위엽면적중 및 건물율과는 정 (+), 평균엽면적과는 동일 질소수준에서 부(-)의 상관이 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.407-417
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the application possibility of leaf and stem extract(LSE) extracted from the mixture of leaf and stem of ginseng radix(Panax ginseng CA. Meyer). This study measured the intake levels and efficiency ratio, growth rate, absorption ratio of carbohydrate, lipid and protein of rat by feeding with LSE during 6 weeks. We analyse the hematological and serum metabolic variables, serum lipid concentrations. Total diet and protein intake levels were low, but efficiency ratios were significantly high in LSE administered groups than the control group. Weight gain, liver and kidney weight of LSE groups were significantly higher than the control group. Blood RBC, Hct, Hb, total protein and albumin concentrations were reasonable levels in LSE administered groups compared to the basal diet group. Also serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride contents of LSE groups were low, but HDL-cholesterol level was higher than the basal diet group. These results imply that leaf and stem of ginseng radix could be used as possible food resources, functional food material and feed stuff.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2022

본 연구는 파프리카 육묘 시 다양한 LED 광질(red:blue = 10:0, 8:2, 2:8, white)에 따른 생육변화에 대하여 구명하여 수경재배용 묘 생산을 위한 전용육묘장의 기반기술로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 초장과 줄기직경의 생육은 red 비율이 높을수록 유의하게 길거나 굵었고, 엽면적은 LED red:blue = 8:2에서 가장 넓었다. 건물 중량도 엽면적과 동일한 경향이었다. LED white에서는 모든 묘의 소질에서 다른 처리들보다 뚜렷하게 저조하였다. 상대생장률은 red 비율이 높을수록 높은 경향을 나타내었고 순동화율은 blue 비율이 높을수록 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 시험에서 LED를 활용한 파프리카 육묘 시 초장, 엽면적, 단위엽면적당 건물생산능력 등을 고려하였을 때 혼합광을 이용하는 것이 적합하고 특히, LED red:blue = 8:2가 가장 적합한 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 red와 blue 파장의 적절한 혼합 비율을 통해 파프리카 묘의 초장 및 절간장을 제어할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the growth response of 3 grasses to seed coating with chitosan solution and the attempt was made to estimate adequate seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution in each grass for the growth to be stimulated. Three species used in this experiment were orchardgrass, tall fescue and reed canarygrass. Six different seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution were applied as 0%(control), 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 1.0%, respectively. the results were obtained as follows; 1. Dry weight of tiller(WT), leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY) and C/F ratio were significantly different between species. 2. Number of tillers per plant(NT), dry weight of tiller(WT), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of root(RW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY) and T/R ration were significantly different between seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution. 3. The adequate seed coating concentrations of chitosan solution for the growth stimulating effect were different between species. The highest values of yield components and dry weight of plant parts were obtained at 1% in orchardgrass and tall fescue, and 0.05% in reed canarygrass, respectively. 4. Growth stimulating effect of seed coating in each species were different. The highest values were obtained in leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of root(RW), dry weight of shoot(SHW) and dry weight of biological yield(BY) in orchardgrass. The values of dry weight of stem(SW) and C/F ration were highest in reed canarygrass. 5. An increase in number of tillers per plant(NT), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW) and dry weight of root(RW) according to seed coating was attributed to the increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW). Among the aboved increasing factors, the dry weight of leaf(LW) was a main factor for the increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW). 6. An increase in dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of stem(SW) and dry weight of root(RW) according to seed coating was attributed to the increase in biological yield(BY). Both the dry weight of leaf(LW) and dry weight of root(RW) were main factors for the increase in biological yield(BY).

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2003년도 식물바이오벤처 페스티발
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

The morphology of the leaves and the flowers of angiosperms exhibit remarkable diversity. One of the factors showing the greatest variability of leaf organs is the leaf index, namely, the ratio of leaf length to leaf width. In some cases, different varieties of a single species or closely related species can be distinguished by differences in leaf index. To some extent, the leaf index reflects the morphological adaptation of leaves to a particular environment. In addition, the growth of leaf organs is dependent on the extent of the expansion of leaf cells and on cell proliferation in the cellular level. The rates of the division and enlargement of leaf cells at each stage contribute to the final shape of the leaf, and play important roles throughout leaf development. Thus, the control of leaf shape is related to the control of the shape of cells and the size of cells within the leaf. The shape of flower also reflects the shape of leaf, since floral organs are thought to be a derivative of leaf organs. No good tools have been available for studies of the mechanisms that underlie such biodiversity. However, we have recently obtained some information about molecular mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis as a result of studies of leaves of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, the ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) gene, a homolog of animal CtBP genes, controls leaf width. AN appears to regulate the polar elongation of leaf cells via control of the arrangement of cortical microtubules. By contrast, the ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3) gene controls leaf length via the biosynthesis of steroid(s). We provide here an overview of the biodiversity exhibited by the leaf index of angiosperms. Taken together, we can discuss on the possibility of the control of the shapes and size of plant organs by transgenic approaches with the results from basic researches. For example, transgenic plants that overexpressed a wild-type ROT3 gene had longer leaves than parent plants, without any changes in leaf width. Thus, The genes for leaf growth and development, such as ROT3 gene, should be useful tools for the biodesign of plant organs.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2003

The morphology of the leaves and the flowers of angiosperms exhibit remarkable diversity. One of the factors showing the greatest variability of leaf organs is the leaf index, namely, the ratio of leaf length to leaf width. In some cases, different varieties of a single species or closely related species can be distinguished by differences in leaf index. To some extent, the leaf index reflects the morphological adaptation of leaves to a particular environment. In addition, the growth of leaf organs is dependent on the extent of the expansion of leaf cells and on cell proliferation in the cellular level. The rates of the division and enlargement of leaf cells at each stage contribute to the final shape of the leaf, and play important roles throughout leaf development. Thus, the control of leaf shape is related to the control of the shape of cells and the size of cells within the leaf. The shape of flower also reflects the shape of leaf, since floral organs are thought to be a derivative of leaf organs. No good tools have been available for studies of the mechanisms that underlie such biodiversity. However, we have recently obtained some information about molecular mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis as a result of studies of leaves of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, the ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) gene, a homolog of animal CtBP genes, controls leaf width. AN appears to regulate the polar elongation of leaf cells via control of the arrangement of cortical microtubules. By contrast, the ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3) gene controls leaf length via the biosynthesis of steroid(s). We provide here an overview of the biodiversity exhibited by the leaf index of angiosperms. Taken together, we can discuss on the possibility of the control of the shapes and size of plant organs by transgenic approaches with the results from basic researches. For example, transgenic plants that overexpressed a wildtype ROT3 gene had longer leaves than parent plants, without any changes in leaf width. Thus, The genes for leaf growth and development, such as ROT3 gene, should be useful tools for the biodesign of plant organs.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was carried out to predict the growth period and fresh weight of sprouts grown in a cultivator designed to grow sprouts under optimal conditions. Methods: The temperature, light intensity, and amount of irrigation were controlled, and images of seed sprouts were acquired to predict the days of growth and weight from pixel counts of leaf area. Broccoli, clover, and radish sprouts were selected, and each sprout was cultivated in a 90-mm-diameter Petri dish under the same cultivating conditions. An image of each sprout was taken every 24 hours from the 4th day, and the whole cultivating period was 6 days, including 3 days in the dark. Images were processed by histogram inspection, binary images, image erosion, image dilation, and the overlay image process. The RGB range and ratio of leaves were adjusted to calculate the pixel counts for leaf area. Results: The correlation coefficients between the pixel count of leaf area and the growth period of sprouts were 0.91, 0.98, and 0.97 for broccoli, clover, and radish, respectively. Further, the correlation coefficients between the pixel count of leaf area and fresh weight were 0.90 for broccoli, 0.87 for clover, and 0.95 for radish. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, we suggest that the simple image acquisition system and processing algorithm can feasibly estimate the growth period and fresh weight of seed sprouts.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2009

To study the optimal cultivation for paddy soil, growth characteristics and ginsenoside content was investigated by both of poor drainage class (PDC) and imperfect drainage class (IDC) in three-year-old ginseng of varieties, Cheonpoong (CP), Yeonpoong (YP), Hwangsookjong (HS), and Jakyeongjong (JK). Root yield of IDC was higher than that of PDC by 3.6 times because stem length, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents were increased, while discolored leaf ratio was decreased. Root yield of HS in PDC was highest among four varieties because chlorophyll contents, leaf area, and survived plant ratio were relatively high. Root yield of CP in IDC was highest among four varieties because of high leaf area and survived plant ratio, and low discolored leaf ratio. Ratio of rusty-colored root showed significant difference by varieties, which was the highest in HS and the lowest in CP among four varieties irrespective of drainage classes. Total ginsenoside contents showed significant difference by drainage classes, which were high in IDC of good growth and low in PDC of poor growth. Total ginsenoside contents were high in JK and CP, while low in HS and YP both of drainage classes.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 1989

This Study was designed to know the growth Status under various photoperiod using Zoysia matrella. The experimental plots were split into such groups as control (full sunlight) 3hour, 6hour and 9hour photoperiod by three replication of completely randomized design. Chlorophyll content was analyized by mackine method and total soluble sugar by anthrone method. The result obtained from this experiment was as fol1 lows ; l. Dry weight was high in the control and 9hour plots. Its decrease remarkably occured in the short day plots 2. Leaf growth woes remarkaly decreased by short day condition. Six hour was considered as critical duration for leaf growth. 3. The growth of rhizome in the 9hour and control plots was good. New development of rhizome in the' short day plots was very slow compare to the control plot. 4. Chlorophyll content was high at l8 days after transplanting and then decreased. Its content in the short day plots severely decreased. 5. The content of soluble sugar in the control was low at early growth stage and high at late growth stage. It was found that the shorter the exposure time to sunlight, the higher the ratio of sugar content.