• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.472-483
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• 2014

도시림 개선을 위한 노력은 꾸준하게 진행되어 왔으나 사회적인 욕구를 제대로 반영하였는지에 대한 평가가 없어 향후 지속적인 개선 및 관리의 방향을 제안하기는 어려운 상태이다. 사회환경과 생물환경이 어우러진 도시림을 효율적으로 개선하기 위해서는 양적 증대 뿐만아니라 생물의 분포 및 서식, 인간의 이용성을 평가할 수 있는 연결성, 건전성, 접근성 등 질적인 측면을 동시에 고려할 수 있는 생태적 건전성에 대한 평가지표의 필요성에 따라 연구를 진행하였다. 연구는 생태적 건전성 평가시 중요한 항목에 대한 상대적 중요도 평가, 문헌고찰을 통한 세부 지표 선정, 타당성 검토의 체계를 갖는다. 결과적으로 도시림은 자연림과는 다른 기능이 존재한다는 전제로, 도시림 평가는 고유의 기능인 생태성 뿐만아니라 인간의 간섭을 고려할 수 있는 사회성, 관리성이 충분하게 고려되어야 하나 중요도에 대한 설문조사 결과 생태성이 다른 가치에 우선하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 생태적 건전성을 평가할 수 있는 세부지표를 선정하였는데, 식생관련 지표로는 희귀성, 훼손잠재성, 자연성, 면적, 다양성, 발생기간, 야생조류관련 지표로는 숲 발달정도, 면적을 추출하여 분산분석을 실시한 결과 안정성, 자연성, 다양성, 잠재성, 서식가능성이 평가지표로 선정되었다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2015

Purpose: Measurement of serum ceruloplasmin level is the first step in screening for Wilson's disease (WD). Despite the rarity of WD in the general population, ceruloplasmin levels are routinely measured through hepatitis screening in both adults and children. Herein, we evaluated the diagnostic value of ceruloplasmin for the diagnosis of WD among children with hepatitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on serum ceruloplasmin levels measured as a serologic marker for patients with hepatitis at Asan Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) between from January 2004 to November 2013. The diagnosis of WD was confirmed by the identification of pathogenic variants in the ATP7B gene. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ceruloplasmin, receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed and the area under curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: Measurements of serum ceruloplasmin were performed in 2,834 children who had hepatitis. Among these, 181 (6.4%) children were diagnosed with WD. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of a ceruloplasmin level of <20 mg/dL in the discrimination of WD were 93.4%, 84.2%, and 84.8%, respectively. In this study, 418 (14.7%) false-positive cases and 12 (0.4%) false-negative cases were noted. Using a ROC curve, a ceruloplasmin level of ${\leq}16.6mg/dL$ showed the highest AUC value (0.956) with a sensitivity of 91.2%, a specificity of 94.9%, and an accuracy of 94.7%. Conclusion: The measurement of serum ceruloplasmin was frequently used for the screening of WD in children, despite a low positive rate. The diagnostic value of ceruloplasmin may be strengthened by adopting a new lower cut-off level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7853-7857
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• 2015

Background: Mortality from breast cancer is high in low- and middle-income countries, in part because most patients have advanced stage disease when first diagnosed. Case-finding may be one approach to changing this situation. Materials and Methods: We conducted a pilot study to explore the feasibility of population-based case finding for breast cancer by community health workers (CHWs) using different data collection methods and approaches to management of women found to have breast abnormalities. After training 8 CHWs in breast problem recognition, manual paper data collection and operation of a cell-phone software platform for reporting demographic, history and physical finding information, these CHWs visited 3150 women >age 18 and over they could find-- from 2356 households in 8 villages in rural Bangladesh. By 4 random assignments of villages, data were collected manually (Group 1), or with the cell-phone program alone (Group 2) or with management algorithms (Groups 3 and 4), and women adjudged to have a serious breast problem were shown a motivational video (Group 3), or navigated/accompanied to a breast problem center for evaluation (Group 4). Results: Only three visited women refused evaluation. The manual data acquisition group (1) had missing data in 80% of cases, and took an average of 5 minutes longer to acquire, versus no missing data in the cell phone-reporting groups (2,3 and 4). One woman was identified with stage III breast cancer, and was appropriately treated. Conclusions: Among very poor rural Bangladeshi women, there was very limited reluctance to undergo breast evaluation. The estimated rarity of clinical breast cancer is supported by these population-based findings. The feasibility and efficient use of mobile technology in this setting is supported. Successor studies may most appropriately be trials focusing on improving the suggested benefits of motivation and navigation, on increasing the numbers of cases found, and on stage of disease at diagnosis as the primary endpoint.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6493-6499
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• 2013

Background: Non-epithelial malignant ovarian tumors and clear cell carcinomas, Brenner tumors, transitional cell tumors, and carcinoid tumors of the ovary are rare ovarian tumors (ROTs). In this study, our aim was to determine the clinicopathological features of ROT patients and prognostic factors associated with survival. Materials and Methods: A total of 167 patients with ROT who underwent initial surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Prognostic factors that may influence the survival of patients were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Of 167 patients, 75 (44.9%) were diagnosed with germ-cell tumors (GCT) and 68 (40.7%) with sex cord-stromal tumors (SCST); the remaining 24 had other rare ovarian histologies. Significant differences were found between ROT groups with respect to age at diagnosis, tumor localization, initial surgery type, tumor size, tumor grade, and FIGO stage. Three-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates and median PFS intervals for patients with other ROT were worse than those of patients with GCT and SCST (41.8% vs 79.6% vs 77.1% and 30.2 vs 72 vs 150 months, respectively; p=0.01). Moreover, the 3-year overall survival (OS) rates and median OS times for patients with both GCT and SCST were better as compared to patients with other ROT, but these differences were not statistically significant (87.7% vs 88.8% vs 73.9% and 170 vs 122 vs 91 months, respectively; p=0.20). In the univariate analysis, tumor localization (p<0.001), FIGO stage (p<0.001), and tumor grade (p=0.04) were significant prognostic factors for PFS. For OS, the univariate analysis indicated that tumor localization (p=0.01), FIGO stage (p=0.001), and recurrence (p<0.001) were important prognostic indicators. Multivariate analysis showed that FIGO stage for PFS (p=0.001, HR: 0.11) and the presence of recurrence (p=0.02, HR: 0.54) for OS were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: ROTs should be evaluated separately from epithelial ovarian cancers because of their different biological features and natural history. Due to the rarity of these tumors, determination of relevant prognostic factors as a group may help as a guide for more appropriate adjuvant or recurrent therapies for ROTs.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

한국과 일본에만 한정 분포하는 각시족도리풀(Asarum misandrum) 4개 집단의 자생지 상태와 합리적인 보전전략의 수립을 위하여 7개의 allozyme marker를 이용하여 유전적 다양성과 구조를 분석하였다. 각시족도리풀 집단의 대립 유전자의 수(A)는 2.05개, 다형적 유전좌위의 비율(P)은 71.4%, 이형접합체의 평균 기대치($H_E$)는 0.294를 나타내어 분포 역이 넓고 주로 내륙에 분포하는 특산식물과 유사하거나 다소 높은 수준의 유전적 다양도를 유지하고 있는데, 그 이유는 자가수분이 가능하지만 타가수정을 주로 하기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 유전적 구조분석 결과 집단간 $F_{IS}$는 양의 값을 나타내었고 집단간 유전적 분화도는 매우 낮은 결과(0.112)를 보였다. 각시족도리풀의 자생지가 비록 적정 수준의 유전적 다양도을 보이고 있지만, 한국과 일본의 남쪽지방에만 한정분포하는 특징, 불연속적이고 분산되어있는 자생지의 상태, 대부분의 자생지에서 적은 개체가 나타나며 특이하고 희귀한 꽃 때문에 남획될 가능성이 높다는 점 등은 이 식물의 보전을 위한 관심을 필요로 한다. 각시족도리풀은 최근에 기록되어 현재 희귀식물로 지정된 종은 아니지만 보전적 가치가 높다고 판단되며 이 종의 보전을 위해 종 생물학적 정보를 수집하고 유전적 변이의 유지기작을 포함한 합리적인 보전전략의 수립이 요구된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2020

본 연구는 서부 민간인통제선 일대 둠벙에 서식하는 저서 성대형무척추동물 종 다양성 및 군집 구조를 규명하여 향후 보전방향을 제안하고자 하였다. 조사 결과 3문 5강 17목 59과 192종의 저서성대형무척추동물이 출현하였다. 다른 지역의 둠벙(61~131종), 다른 유형의 정수성 습지(47~92종), 그리고 우포늪 등의 보호습지(48~135종)와 비교할 때, 서부 민간인출입통제구역 일대 둠벙에서 더 다양한 분류군이 출현하는 것으로 나타났다. 환경부 지정 멸종위기야생생물 물방개, 물장군, 대모잠자리를 포함 28종의 특이종이 확인되었으며, 98곳의 조사지에 특이종이 하나 이상 분포하는 것을 확인하였다. 한편 섭식기능군 및 서식기능군 분석에서 이동성이 높은 무리의 우점이 나타난 점, 개별 조사지의 다양도와 특이종의 출현 빈도가 반드시 비례하지는 않는 점을 함께 고려할 때, 서부 민간인출입통제구역 일대 둠벙의 높은 종 다양성은 둠벙과 인근 수생태계의 연결성을 통해 유지되는 것으로 보여진다. 그러므로 서부 민통선 일대 둠벙의 생물 다양성 보전계획을 수립할 때 특별히 종 다양성이 높은 몇 개 둠벙만을 점적으로 보전하는 접근은 부적절할 수 있으리라 판단되며, 둠벙을 포함한 수서생물의 이동성 서식지 전반의 연결성을 고려한 접근이 적절할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.925-928
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• 2014

Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a spectrum of disease with abnormal trophoblastic proliferation. Treatment is based on FIGO stage and WHO risk factor scores. Patients whose score is 12 or more are considered as at extremely high risk with a high likelihood of resistance to first line treatment. Optimal therapy is therefore controversial. Objective: This study was conducted in order to summarize the regimen used for extremely high risk or resistant GTN patients in our institution the in past 10 years. Materials and Methods: All the charts of GTN patients classified as extremely high risk, recurrent or resistant during 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2011 were reviewed. Criteria for diagnosis of GTN were also assessed to confirm the diagnosis. FIGO stage and WHO risk prognostic score were also re-calculated to ensure the accuracy of the information. Patient characteristics were reviewed in the aspects of age, weight, height, BMI, presenting symptoms, metastatic area, lesions, FIGO stage, WHO risk factor score, serum hCG level, treatment regimen, adjuvant treatments, side effects and response to treatment, including disease free survival. Results: Eight patients meeting the criteria of extremely high risk or resistant GTN were included in this review. Mean age was 33.6 years (SD=13.5, range 17-53). Of the total, 3 were stage III (37.5%) and 5 were stage IV (62.5%). Mean duration from previous pregnancies to GTN was 17.6 months (SD 9.9). Mean serum hCG level was 864,589 mIU/ml (SD 98,151). Presenting symptoms of the patients were various such as hemoptysis, abdominal pain, headache, heavy vaginal bleeding and stroke. The most commonly used first line chemotherapeutic regimen in our institution was the VAC regimen which was given to 4 of 8 patients in this study. The most common second line chemotherapy was EMACO. Adjuvant radiation was given to most of the patients who had brain metastasis. Most of the patients have to delay chemotherapy for 1-2 weeks due to grade 2-3 leukopenia and require G-CSF to rescue from neutropenia. Five form 8 patients were still survived. Mean of disease free survival was 20.4 months. Two patients died of the disease, while another one patient died from sepsis of pressure sore wound. None of surviving patients developed recurrence of disease after complete treatment. Conclusions: In extremely high risk GTN patients, main treatment is multi-agent chemotherapy. In our institution, we usually use VAC as a first line treatment of high risk GTN, but since resistance is quite common, this may not suitable for extremely high risk GTN patients. The most commonly used second line multi-agent chemotherapy in our institution is EMA-CO. Adjuvant brain radiation was administered to most of the patients with brain metastasis in our institution. The survival rate is comparable to previous reviews. Our treatment demonstrated differences from other institutions but the survival is comparable. The limitation of this review is the number of cases is small due to rarity of the disease. Further trials or multicenter analyses may be considered.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제16권
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• pp.82-95
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• 2015

윤두서(尹斗緖)필 노승도(老僧圖)는 은지(銀紙)라는 독특한 바탕재료를 사용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 보존 환경에 따라 변색이 쉬운 은이 지금까지 안정적인 상태로 전해지는 원인을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법은 문헌 조사, 육안 관찰 및 광학적 조사, XRF 분석으로 표면가공 재료 및 원료 섬유를 분석하였고, 이를 근거로 재현 실험을 수행하여 윤두서필 노승도 바탕종이의 제작 재료와 표면가공 기법에 대해 접근하였다. 연구 결과 바탕 종이는 표면 평활성 및 밀도를 향상시키기 위하여 다각형의 결정을 가진 무기물에 의한 도침처리를 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 XRF 분석 결과, 칼슘 함량이 높게 나타나 기존에 알려진 은(銀)이 아니라 전복 등의 패각류를 분쇄하여 표면 처리한 것으로 추정하였다. 따라서 칼슘 함량이 높은 재료인 패각류를 대상 재료로 한정하고, 그 중에서도 현재 가공되지 않은 패 상태의 전복을 대상 시료로 선정하여 재현 실험을 수행하였다. 전복패를 사용한 재현 실험을 통해 노승도 바탕 종이에 사용된 무기질은 패각류일 가능성이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 다만 유물과 유사한 수준의 평활도와 광택을 재현하는 데는 한계가 있었으며 이에 대해 보다 세밀한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.118-128
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• 2009

Objects: This study was conducted to investigate the current educational environment of herbology and to develop a future-oriented curriculum for oriental medicine. The questionnaire used in this research was drawn up based on the current curriculum referring to the current curriculum of herbology and pharmacognosy. Methods: The survey was carried out presenting the questionnaires to a total 12,754 of the students and doctors of oriental medicine through e-mailing five times; of these, 2,074 replied. Results: 1. Among the respondents, about 97% agreed that it was necessary to revise and complement the current curriculum of herbology. 2. The respondents felt that the assigned lecture time of subject was "sufficient" (19%), "insufficient" (39%) and "average" (39%), respectively, and the level of lecture was "insufficient" (37%) or "average" (43%) respectively. According to priority, it showed that the contents which needed complement in lecture were discrimination of medicinal herbs (24%), practical use of action and indications (23%), and correlation with modern disease (21%). In theoretical lectures, 69% of the respondents agreed on the introduction of natural scientific methods 3. In practice, 51% of the respondents replied that the lecture time for practice was insufficient. The contents which needed to be complemented in practice were as follows: audio-visual materials for discrimination of medicinal herbs (22%), concrete exercise for the processing of medicinal herbs (21%), and attempts for the objective discrimination of medicinal herbs using instruments (microscope, analytical instrument, residual pesticide, heavy metal, genetic analysis) (16%). 70% replied that the discrimination of medicinal herbs of high price and rarity was "none or insufficient". 4. 56% replied that it was necessary to introduce and practice physicochemical analysis, and they showed higher requests according to the increase of their educational level. However, 86% replied that they had never experienced concrete attempts for objective discrimination of medicinal herbs, which seemed to indicate that, excepting some schools, practice exercise was rarely performed. Conclusions: According to results, it seems that an urgent review on the current course of herbology and a workshop on the process of experimental practice for professors is needed.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.191-200
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• 1997

Objectives : Periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) may cause arousals that may lead to non-restorative sleep. PLMS is characterized by long sleep latency, sleep fragmentation, frequent stage shifts, and rarity of stages 3/4 NREM sleep on polysomnography. However, controversies have existed and it still remains to be elaborated whether PLMS actually causes insomnia, since normal persons happen to have PLMS. Clinically, it would be crucial to know factors which might disturb sleep in PLMS. We became interested in Coleman's theory(1980) that invariant periodic movements disturb patients' sleep less. Though, Coleman's study seems to have been confounded by including PLMS patients with various co-morbid sleep disorders. Therefore, we attempted to study in patients only with PLMS the effects of movement patterns on sleep architecture. Methods : In 27 patients diagnosed as having PLMS only with clinical interview and nocturnal polysomnography, we studied the relationship between the movement patterns such as mean duration and variability of periodic limb movement's interval and the sleep architecture variables. Results : The shorter and the more regular the limb movement intervals were, the fewer arousals followed. The movement intervals of the older patients were shorter and more regular than the younger patients. The probability of the accompanying arousal with each limb movement increased as the duration and variance of the movement intervals increased. It decreased as the age and the frequency of limb movements increased. Among these factors the most significant one was the mean duration of the movement intervals. In other words, the shorter the movement intervals were, the less disturbed sleep was. Conclusion : PLMS frequency increases with aging but the probability of the accompanying arousal with each movement decreases with aging. Sleep-disturbing effects of PLMS depends more on the duration and variability of movement intervals than the PLMS frequency.