• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.206-210
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• 2008

공격성 혈관점액종은 여성 생식길에 주로 생기는 드문 종양으로 국소 재발율이 높다. 광범위 국소 절제술을 통해 재발 위험을 줄일 수 있기 때문에 수술 전 진단이 중요하다. 그러나, 이 종양이 드물어 오진되는 경우가 종종 있다. 우리는 수술 전 오진으로 재발한 공격성 혈관점액종 증례와 바르게 진단한 두 증례를 경험하여 보고한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.565-578
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• 2014

This study is about the cases in fashion figure appearing the contemporary fashion and their characteristics. The work aims at providing a further active research opportunity for fashion figure in the modern fashion field and finding several possible utilizations to help the overall fashion industry through examination. Research methodology was followed up with the related literature review and empirical work through the case study of multiple fashion figures denoted in the contemporary fashion. The results showed in the following way for types of fashion figure in the modern fashion. The first type is that its figure was used for stage apparatus in fashion collection, various properties, or garment tool as doll shifted to a certain object. The second type is that art toy or fashion doll was used as specially added product via way of cooperation with fashion brand to be applied as fashion figure alone or other properties for T-shirt or something like that. The third type is the case that multifariously sized figures were applied to show window or shop display. This type of fashion figure is basically an imbedded fashionistic feature, reflecting the rarity, publicity, playfulness, and artistic value.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.118-121
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• 2013

Primary lymphoma of the larynx is rare, accounting for less than 1% of all laryngeal neoplasm. Early symptoms are ambiguous and nonspecific, and confirmation of the diagnosis is often difficult. The aim of this study was to report the experience of our department in the management of these aggressive lesions, as they require special diagnostic and therapeutic attention. We enrolled 3 patients who diagnosis of lymphoma involving the larynx were retrospectively reviewed. The histopathological diagnosis revealed 1 case of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and 2 case of NK-T cell lymphoma. Details of the presentation, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and outcome of these patients were presented. Primary laryngeal lymphoma is a rare entity. Early symptoms are subtle and nonspecific, and confirmation of the diagnosis is often difficult. Because of the rarity of this tumor type, the optimal management remains controversial and it seems that should be managed not as a distinct disease entity but as an unusual presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, according to the recent treatment trends.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2002

This study was executed environmental assessment to determine whether or not the national landuse planning change on the reserved area for a rope way in the ice valley(Eoreurngol) of Miryang. The selected survery area is $1,633,442m^2$ and assessed with flora, actual vegetation, degree of green naturality(DGN), sere stage and wild birds. The flora was summarized as 132 taxa which is 90 genera, 117 species, 12 varieties and 3 forms. The actual vegetation was classified 24 types and nature forests like Quercus and deciduous-broad leaf community was distrubuted broadly. Especially Quercus and deciduous-broadleaf communities were assessed high rarity value in Miryang. From the analysis of DGN, it were found out that DGN 8 is 72.5% and DGN 9 is 3.9%. At the analysis of sere stage, the communities were divided 4 with Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Carpinus laxiflora and deciduous-broadleaf community. Wildbirds was observated as 30 species and 161 ea and Aix galericulata (natural monument no. 327) especially inhabited there. From the above nature ecosystem assessment, the survey area has high quality naturalness, so it was turned out that a rope way construction might be not suitable in survery area.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2013

Oreorchis coreana Finet is threatened globally by over-collection from its natural habitats for horticultural purposes. Its rarity in nature makes this plant one of the most endangered species in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on orchid seed viability and seed germination. An in vitro bioassay swelling test using immature seeds was compared with a standard chemical procedure using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) to test seed viability. In general, the bioassay was more appropriate for estimating embryo viability after a prolonged pre-treatment (more than 1 h) in 1% NaOCl, a surface sterilant often used to enhance germination of seeds of terrestrial plants. Therefore, an efficient method for investigating in vitro swelling of immature seeds is urgently needed. We established a method for determining the viability and swelling of O. coreana seeds via in vitro examination of immature seeds. Treatment of immature seeds with 1% NaOCl for 10 min greatly enhanced the extent of swelling of immature zygote embryos when compared to untreated seeds. These data obtained here appear to be comparable to viability and swelling that occurs in O. coreana seeds via asymbiotic germination.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.29.4-30
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• 2017

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute We present a weak-lensing study of the galaxy cluster SPT-CL J2106-5844 at z=1.132 discovered in the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. The cluster is claimed to be the most massive system at z > 1 in the SPT-SZ survey. The inferred mass ($M_{200c}=(1.27{\pm}0.21){\times}10^{15}M_{sun}$) is somewhat unusual at such a high redshift given the current ΛCDM prediction. The mass estimates, however, may be biased because the hydrostatic assumption may not hold when the universe was about 40% of the current age. In this work, we reconstruct the dark matter distribution and measure the mass of this interesting cluster using weak-lensing analysis based on the images from the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 on-board the Hubble Space Telescope. We find that the mass distribution of the cluster is unimodal with no significant substructures. The centroid of the dark matter agrees with both galaxy luminosity and number density distributions, as well as the hot gas centroid. We confirm that the cluster is indeed extremely massive ($M_{200c}=(1.81{\pm}0.47){\times}10^{15}M_{sun}$) supporting the previous non-lensing measurements. We also discuss the rarity of the cluster in the ΛCDM cosmology, comparing with the expected abundance of similarly massive clusters.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6025-6027
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• 2014

Background: Because of the relative rarity of biliary tract cancers (BTCs), defining long term survival results is difficult. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the survival of a series of cases in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A totally of 47 patients with billiary tract cancer from Mersin Goverment Hospital, Acibadem Kayseri Hospital and Kayseri Training and Research Hospital were analyzed retrospectively using hospital records between 2006-2012. Results: The median overall survival was $19.3{\pm}3.9$ months for all patients. The median disease free and overall survivals were $24.3{\pm}5.3$ and $44.1{\pm}12.9$ months in patients in which radical surgery was performed, but in those with with inoperable disease they were only $5.3{\pm}1.5$ and $10.7{\pm}3.2$ months, respectively. Conclusions: BTCs have a poor prognosis. Surgery with a microscopic negative margin is still the only curative treatment.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.411-420
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• 2017

With the increasing popularization of low-priced luxury markets, maintaining the genuine values of luxury has become crucial for luxury fashion brands to attract customers who want exclusivity and rarity. The world-leading luxury fashion houses have employed a variety of experiential marketing strategies like special order product strategies and mobile SNS promotion strategies, yet little research exists on there the strategies actually positively impact brand luxury images and customer attitudes towards the brand. This study empirically analyzed the effects of customer experience of special order products on perceived brand luxury and brand relationship. Furthermore, the study also tested relationships among perceived brand luxury, brand relationship, and brand loyalty. A survey was conducted with Korean female consumers who had purchase experiences of special order products from the brands. We analyzed the data of MTO-experienced respondents due to the lack of respondents who had experienced custom-made product services. The result indicates the significant effect of experience of MTO on brand relationship; however, we found only a partial support for the effect of MTO on brand luxury. Likewise, we found a partial support for the effect of mobile SNS promotion strategies on perceived brand luxury versus full support for the effect on brand relationship.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.313-315
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• 2010

Osteochondromas are common, benign tumors in the long bones, but osteochondromas are rare in the vertebrae. Most vertebral osteochondromas arise from the cervical or upper thoracic spine. However, lumbar osteochondromas have rarely been reported. In this report, a rare case of a lumbar osteochondroma arising from the spondylolytic L3 lamina in a 57-year-old woman is presented. She also had a ruptured disc and lumbar canal stenosis at L4-5-S1. The osteochondroma was completely removed and a posterior lumbar interbody fusion and instrumentation were performed. Considering the rarity of osteochondromas in the lumbar vertebrae, especially the L3 vertebra, it is possible that the pre-existing lumbar spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis was one of the factors affecting the occurrence or progression of the osteochondroma.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.630-636
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• 2010

A survey of the endangered orchid Orchis militaris populations was carried out in north-eastern Italy. The occurrence of fungal root endophytes was investigated by light and electron microscopies and molecular techniques. Two main sites of presence were individuated in the Euganean Hills, differing as to the percentage of flowering individuals and of capsules completing maturity. Fluorescence microscopy revealed an intracellular cortical colonization by hyphal pelotons. Two ITS PCR products co-amplified. Sequencing revealed for the former an identity and a high similarity (99%) with a Tulasnellaceae (Basidiomycota) fungus found within tissues of the same host in independent studies in Hungary and Estonia, suggesting an interesting case of tight specificity throughout the Eurosiberian home range. The second amplicon had 99% similarity with Tetracladium species (Ascomycota) recently demonstrated as potential endophytes. TEM revealed two different hyphal structures. Double fungal colonization appears to occur in Orchis militaris and the possible requirement of a specific fungal partner throws light on the causes of this plant's rarity and threatened status.