• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.51-65
• /
• 2015

The flora distributed around Mt. Hwangseok were summarized as 495 taxa including 97 families, 295 genera, 394 species, 4 subspecies, 80 varieties and 17 forms. In the component ratio of taxa, pteridophyta was 4.2%, 1.2% of gymnospermae, 78.8% of dicotyledonae and 15.8% of monocotyledonae. The rare plants were 9 taxa including Aconitum chiisanense, Eranthis stellata, Aristolochia contorta, Viola albida and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 13 taxa including Populus tomentiglandulos, Pseudostellaria coreana, Aconitum pseudolaeve, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 16 taxa including Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Sanguisorba longifolia, Symplocarpus renifolius, Betula davurica and so forth. The plants adaptable to climate change were 11 taxa including Aconitum pseudolaeve, Ajuga spectabilis, Carex okamotoi, Rhynchosia volubilis and so forth. The naturalized plants were 20 taxa including Fallopia convolvulus, Rumex crispus, Phytolacca amrericana, Robinia pseudoacacia and so forth. The invasive alien plant was Aster pilosus. The emergence of local ecologically important species, set the correct range for the core and buffer zone, transition zone, coded will be necessary, the distribution of the specialty plant areas and rare plants, an area management plan should be organized by nature. In addition, a variety of assessment techniques and accurate data to establish the validity of the core area is also set to acquire.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.98 no.3
• /
• pp.339-350
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate distributional condition of rare plants and useful plant resources, and to verify distributional patterns of understory vegetation associated with the upper layer's vegetation structure. Total 59 families, 160 genera, 218 kinds of vascular plants were identified at the study site including 6 rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service (Lloydia triflora Bak., Trillium kamtschaticum Pall., Lilium distichum Nakai, Anemone koraiensis Nakai, Iris odaesanensis Y.N. Lee, Viola diamantica Nakai). Twenty three species of useful plant resources were also identified at the site; 8 of them showed clustered distributions and the others were prone to scatter. Actual vegetation of this study area consisted of one natural community dominated by Quercus mongolica Fisch. and three disturbed communities of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere, Abies holophylla Max. and/or a herbaceous vegetation resulting from forest removal and strong wind of mountain top. This classification was strongly supported by cluster analysis based on the surveyed plot data. Distributional patterns of understory vegetation within forest stand were somewhat related to overstory vegetation structure, but showed a different tendency according to site condition, species composition, and competitive pressure among understory vegetation. Therefore, in order to protect the important understory components as forest genetic resources, forest treatments such as density control of overstory should be implanted based on understanding of impact on understory's dynamics and growing condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.90 no.4
• /
• pp.437-444
• /
• 2001

This paper discusses applications of neural network to forest stand field data processing and determining suitable tree species for site-specific stand characteristics. For site-specific species selection, considered were 5 major coniferous species : P. densiflora for. erecta, L. leptolepis, P. koraiensis, P. densiflora, P. thunbergii. Among 1,320 sample plot data sets, 200 data sets with the highest site index (40 data sets for each species) were chosen as the test sets for investigation. Each data set includes 13 factors describing the site characteristics of the corresponding sample plot. The results of this investigation indicate high performance of neural network in data processing procedures for extracting data sets or measurement parameters without any recognizable pattern. These data sets or measurement parameters are those which have rare effect on site-specific species suitability or disturb pattern classification procedures of neural network because of unrecognizable patterns involved. Also the results have shown high potential of neural network in determining the best-suitable tree species for site characteristics. The % accuracy of the neural network model in determining the best-suitable tree species for site characteristics ranges from 77.6% to 91.8% associated with the combination of Site factors.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.49-99
• /
• 2021

Gwangdeoksan Mountain (699.3 m) is the highest border mountain between the two cities of Chungcheongnamdo Province, Cheonan and Asan, Korea. In this study, we investigated the flora of Gwangdeoksan Mt. from April of 2015 to October of 2017. Through 20 independent field investigations, we identified and tallied a total of 428 species, 9 subspecies, 30 varieties, and a forma in 287 genera and 97 families. Of a total of 468 taxa, 128 taxa in 112 genera and 58 families were found to be Korean endemic species (7 taxa), floristic regional indicator species (45 taxa), rare or endangered species (3 taxa), species subject to the approval of outbound transfer (73 taxa), and alien or ecosystem disturbing species (32 taxa). The flora of Gwangdeoksan Mt. can be divided into four distinct floristic subregions, with higher diversity in the north-facing subregion. The complex flora of Gwangdeoksan Mt., emerging at the edge of two floristic regions of the Korean peninsula, may represent a significant conservation priority and a topic for future ecological and geographical studies.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to conduct phenology monitoring of forest plant species in Mt. JuWang National Park, thereby establish long-term prediction and management system for species susceptible to climate change, and utilize the result as basic materials necessary for conservation of plant genetic resources in accordance with changes in their growth environment. Global Positioning System coordinates were marked on each indicator species and a specific number ticket was provided to each plant. Changes in their blooming time, time of blossoms falling, time of leaves bursting into life, and time of leaves turning, and time of leaves falling were recorded. Investigation was made once per week from April 10 in 2010 to November 30 in 2011 except for the time period between July and August when investigation was made biweekly. The investigated plants concerned 12 kinds-nine species of trees and three kinds of herbs. According to the result of the penology monitoring of Mt. JuWang National Park, their time of leaves bursting into life, time of leaves turning, and time of leaves falling were largely earlier in 2011 than in 2010. However, it is hard to say that it is due to the factor of climate change. Long-term collection of climate data and continuous monitoring of plant phenology are considered necessary in order to examine correlation between climate change and seasonal change patterns of plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.45-62
• /
• 2020

This study is to present the basic data for the conservation and management of natural resources of National Park by understanding the ecological characteristics of special protected areas located in Tohamsan District, Gyeongju National Park, South Korea. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 106 taxa including 47 families, 79 genera, 96 species, 1 subspecies, 7 varieties and 2 forms. For status by sites, there were 59, 50 and 55 taxa in A area(Pedicularis ishidoyana), B area(Millettia japonica) and C area(Cypripedium macranthos), respectively. In the dominant species, the tree layer was Quercus serrata(A area), Platycarya strobilacea and Pinus koraiensis(B area) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla(C area), the subtree layer was Carpinus cordata and Quercus serrata(A area), Pinus koraiensis and Castanea crenata(B area) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla(C area), the 1^st shrub layer was Toxicodendron trichocarpum and Rhododendron schlippenbachii(A area), Lindera erythrocarpa and Styrax japonicus(B area) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Lindera erythrocarpa(C area), 2^nd shrub layer was Styrax obassis and Lespedeza maximowiczii(A area), Lespedeza maximowiczii and Rhododendron mucronulatum(B area) and Lindera erythrocarpa(C area), the herbaceous layer was Athyrium yokoscense, Dryopteris chinensis, Dryopteris lacera and Lindera obtusiloba(A area), Athyrium yokoscense, Millettia japonica, Carex humilis Leyss. var. nana and Carex ciliato-marginata(B area) and Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. subsp. serrata, Ajuga spectabilis and Oplismenus undulatifolius(C area).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.37-59
• /
• 2017

The Korean peninsula belongs to the temperate forest biome dominated by many deciduous oaks. We quantitatively and qualitatively studied vertical and horizontal distributions and habitat characteristics on the major oak species such as Quercus mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, Q. dentata, Q. aliena and Q. acutissima. A total of 5,278 samples were analyzed with a species coverage and 6 principal environmental variables extracted from public database of nationwide natural environment survey. Correlation analysis was accomplished by the CANOCO using Canonical Correspondence Analysis and the Pearson correlation coefficient using PASW Statistics. The hierarchical distribution tendency of six oaks was finalized using the Goodman-Kruskal lambda coefficient of non-metric multidimensional scaling by SYN-TAX 2000. The utmost factor on the distributional segregation of oak species was the elevation, i.e. temperature. Q. serrata and Q. mongolica show clearly a diametrical distribution patterns with zonal distribution. Q. variabilis was determined as a thermophilic and xerophilous species that is a component of not only natural pseudo-climax forest but also secondary forest. The highest frequency of the dominant forest was found Q. mongolica. Whereas, Q. serrata showed the highest frequency of individual tree but the relatively lower frequency of dominant forest, which is resulted from the original habitat loss. By the benefit of the traditional Soopjeong-E, Q. acutissima dominant forests were remained rather largely. Individuals of Q. dentata occurred horizontally nationwide, but its dominant forest was the poorest. Dominant forest of Q. aliena, which is a natural vegetation, was the most rare due to a limited potential habitat.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.277-295
• /
• 2006

Vascular plants of Mt. Daedeok were composed of 81 families, 266 genera, 358 species, 1 subspecies, 69 varieties and 14 forma, totaling 442 taxa. Seventeen species among the 442 species were Korean endemic and 15 rare plants such as Anemone koraiensis, Eranthis stellata, Aristolochia manchuriensis, Viola albida, Viola diamantiaca, Acanthopanax senricosus, Acanthopanax chiisanense, Anagaltidium dichotomum, Scrophularia koraiensis, Adenophora grandiflora, Lilium cernuum, Lilium medeoloides, Lloydia triflora, Iris odaesanensis and Cypripedium macranthum were also investigated. The naturalized plants were 6 families, 15 genera, 16 species, totaling 16 taxa. Life form spectra was $H-D_4-R_5-e$ type and the use of plants were composed edible 43.2%, pasture 41.0%, medical 32.8%, ornamental 12.6%, respectively. The forest vegetation of Mt. Daedeok was classified Quercus mongolica community group with Betula emanii-Quercus mongolica community and typical community and Juglans mandshurica community.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2003

This study was executed by China along with the Tumen river, which formed border of North Korea and China. As a result 91 family, 282 genera, 363 species, 57 variety 4 species, total 424 taxa of vascular plants were identified. The examination area was include the region that had various vegetation such as upper swampy land, seashore dune, a river, a high mountain grassy plain, deciduous tree zone, evergreen coniferous forest zone. The followings are representative plants, which found in an examination area but not in South Korea. Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelini var. principis-ruprechtii, Betula playphylla, Ulmus pumila, Populus koreana, Ledum palustre var. diversipilosum, Rhododendron parvifolium, Salix brachypoda, Phacelurus latifolius, Carex gotoi, Carex capricornis, Calla palustris, Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila, Lilium davuricum, Astragalus membranaceus, Trifolium lupinaster, Ledebourieila seselodeds, Polemonium racemosum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Linnaea borealis, Thladiantha dubia, Inula helenium, Trollius hondoensis, Hypocaeris ciliata, Aconitum kirinense, Aconitum arcuatum, Potentilla viscosa var. macrophylla. And there are 21 rare and endangered species, which Korean Forest Sevice designated, such as Aconitum koreanum, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Polygonatum stenophyllum, Drosera rotundifolia, Iris setosa, Jeffersonia dubia, Lilium davuricum, Lilium cernum, Paeonia obovata, Penthorum chinense, Phacelurus latifolius, Rosa marretii, Sparganium stoloniferum, Thymus quinquecostatus, Trillium tschonoskii, Utricularia japonica, Tripterospermum japonicum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, etc. Especially, plants like, Acanthopanax senticosus, Jeffersonia dubia and Lillum cernum which have high values of ornamental, and medical use are in an extinction crisis. High swampy land was formed to upper stream of Tumen river. It showed representative vegitation, like Carex sp., Scirpus radirans, Eriophorum latifolium. Wetlands plant and a dune plant were mixed in down stream area of Tumen river. On a dune, seashore plants, such as Carex kobomugi, Salsola collina, Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides, Rosa rugosa, Scutellaria strigillosa, Linaria japonica, Phacelurus latifolius were appeared frequently.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 2012

Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii), a Gram-negative bacillus, is a rare cause of meningitis and central nervous system infections. In England, the first case infected by this organism occurred in 1958. By July 2008, approximately 120 documented cases of Cronobacter spp. infection and at least 27 deaths have been identified from all around the world in the published literature and in reports submitted by public health sectors. In 2007, it was proposed by European organizations that the original taxonomy of E. sakazakii would be revised, to consist of five new species moved to a new genus, and identified as "Cronobacter". E. sakazakii has thus now been reclassified as 6 separate species in the new genus, Cronobacter, gen. nov., within the Enterobacteriaceae family. The new species are presently Cronobacter sakazakii, C. turicensis, C. malonaticus, C. muytjensii, and C. dublinensis; the sixth species is identified simply as genomospecies I, as currently including only two representative strains. The objectives of this review are to provide insight on (1) the classification and taxonomy of Cronobacter spp., (2) its clinical etiology and pathogenicity, (3) prequency of Cronobacter spp. in different categories of ready-to-eat food other than infant formula, (4) methods for detecting, isolating and typing Cronobacter spp., and (5) recent research trends for detecting Cronobacter spp.