• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.459-467
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• 2009

Purpose: The maximum likelihood-expectation maximization (ML-EM) is the statistical reconstruction algorithm derived from probabilistic model of the emission and detection processes. Although the ML-EM has many advantages in accuracy and utility, the use of the ML-EM is limited due to the computational burden of iterating processing on a CPU (central processing unit). In this study, we developed a parallel computing technique on GPU (graphic processing unit) for ML-EM algorithm. Materials and Methods: Using Geforce 9800 GTX+ graphic card and CUDA (compute unified device architecture) the projection and backprojection in ML-EM algorithm were parallelized by NVIDIA's technology. The time delay on computations for projection, errors between measured and estimated data and backprojection in an iteration were measured. Total time included the latency in data transmission between RAM and GPU memory. Results: The total computation time of the CPU- and GPU-based ML-EM with 32 iterations were 3.83 and 0.26 see, respectively. In this case, the computing speed was improved about 15 times on GPU. When the number of iterations increased into 1024, the CPU- and GPU-based computing took totally 18 min and 8 see, respectively. The improvement was about 135 times and was caused by delay on CPU-based computing after certain iterations. On the other hand, the GPU-based computation provided very small variation on time delay per iteration due to use of shared memory. Conclusion: The GPU-based parallel computation for ML-EM improved significantly the computing speed and stability. The developed GPU-based ML-EM algorithm could be easily modified for some other imaging geometries.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.786-794
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• 2018

Silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae have been widely worked in wound dressing, hepatoprotective activity, antigenotoxicity, control of glucose level and anti-cancer activity. To investigate the anti-obesity activity of ethanol extract of silkworm pupae powder fermented with Cordyceps militaris (ESfC), the free glycerol release and cAMP concentration as well as fat accumulation were measured in the primary adipocytes of SD (Sprague Dawley) rats and high fat diet (HFD)-treated C57BL/6 mice treated with 12 weeks. Firstly, the presence of the cordycepin with lipid lowering effect was confirmed in ESfC using HPLC analysis. The level of free glycerol and cAMP concentration was significantly increased in the primary adipocytes treated with high dose of ESfC ($400{\mu}g/ml$) although these levels were consistently maintained in other dose ESfC treated groups. In HFD-induced obesity model, the increased fat weight and size of adipocytes in HFD+Vehicle treated group was recovered in HFD+ESfC treated group. Also, the liver weight and the number of lipid droplets were higher in HFD+Vehicle treated group than No treated group. But, this level was significantly decreased in HFD+ESfC treated group compared with HFD+Vehicle treated group. Furthermore, a similar recovery was detected on the phosphorylation of periliphin and HSL, and ATGL expression. Overall, the results of the present study provide some scientific evidences that ESfC can stimulate lipolysis in primary adipocytes and prevent fat accumulation in HFD-treated obesity model, and therefore have the potential for use as anti-obesity agents to treat obese patient.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2016

In this paper, we perform a numerical analysis to evaluate the potential of fault reactivation during gas production from hydrate bearing sediments and the moment magnitude of induced seismicity. For the numerical analysis, sequential coupling of TOUGH+Hydrate and FLAC3D was used and the change in effective stress and consequent geomechanical deformation including fault reactivation was simulated by assuming that Mohr-Coulomb shear resistance criterion is valid. From the test production simulation of 30 days, we showed that pore pressure reduction as well as effective stress change hardly induces the fault reactivation in the vicinity of a production well. We also investigated the influence of stress state conditions to a fault reactivation, and showed that normal fault stress regime, where vertical stress is relatively greater than horizontal, may have the largest potential for the reactivation. We tested one simulation that earthquake can be induced during gas production and calculated the moment magnitude of the seismicity. Our calculation presented that all the magnitudes from the calculation were negative values, which indicates that induced earthquakes can be grouped into micro-seismic and as small as hardly perceived by human beings. However, it should be noted that the current simulation was carried out using the highly simplified geometric model and assumptions such that the further simulations for a scheduled test production and commercial scale production considering complex geometric conditions may produce different results.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.117-122
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• 2010

We investigated the effect of rice particle size on the physicochemical properties of fish porridge. The pH of porridge did not differ with particle size. The redness, yellowness, and viscosity of fish porridge increased as particle size increased. The protein content of fish porridge was increased three-fold, compared with that of porridgethat did not contain fish. The total amino acid content of fish porridge was 1,610.5 mg/100 g and that of rice porridge 1,147.5 mg/100g. The Lysand Thr (these are limiting amino acids in rice) contents of fish porridge were greater than in rice porridge. In sensory evaluation tests, half-grain rice fish porridge obtained the highest scores. Based on these results, we would suggest that fish porridge made using half-grain rice has valuable physicochemical and nutritional properties.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.161-175
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• 2002

봉독은 거풍습(祛風濕), 지통(止痛), 해경평천(解痙平喘), 소종강압(消腫降壓)의 효능으로 오랫동안 통증과 염증성 질환을 치료하는데 이용되어져 왔는데 최근에는 면역관련질환치료에 응용하여 좋은 결과가 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 Rheumatoid arthritis와 유사한 형태의 대표적 실험모델로 알려진 실험용 쥐의 Type II collagen 유발 관절염(Type II collagen induced arthritis : CIA)의 활액에서 봉독약침이 단백분해효소와 유리기 손상에 미치는 면역억제효과를 알아보기 위해 실행되었다. 본 실험에서는 CIA가 유발된 실험용 쥐에 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 실험군과 대조군으로서 CIA 유발 쥐에 생리식염수를 처리한 군(CIA군), 정상적인 쥐에 생리식염수로 처리한 군(정상군)으로 구분하여 각 군들의 일련의 표본에서 세포질, 리소좀, 간질성 단백분해효소의 활성과 유리기로 인한 단백질 손상정도를 (carbonyl 유도체를 측정하여)서로 비교하였다. 그 결과 각 군의 활액표본에서는 많은 종 류의 단백분해효소가 정산군보다 CIA군에서 유의하게 활성이 높았으며, 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 군에서 효소들의 활성이 유의하게 감소하였다. 그러나 각 군들의 혈장표본에서는 이 효소들의 활성은 서로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이는 혈장속의 면역반응과 연관되리라고 추측되는 단백분해효소들의 활성변화는 병인적 측면에서 RA와 같은 염증성관절 질환과는 큰 상관성이 없다는 것을 의미한다. Carbonyl 유도체 측정으로 평가한 유리기 손상은 활액과 현장표본에서 모두 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 군에서 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 단백분해효소와 유리기의 활성은 RA의 병인학적 측면에서 모두 잠재적인 중요성을 가지고 있으므로 향후 새로운 RA치료법은 이들 단백분해효소의 활성저해와 유리기의 소거능을 포함해야 한다고 사료되며 봉독약침은 이러한 2가지 효능을 포함한 효과적인 치료라고 평가된다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2011

This study was implemented to select the suitable site for Palustrine Wetland at habitat restoration for Oriental stork, red species and top-level predator in ecosystem. The evaluation items was fitted by review the antecedent studies on the suitable site selection model and evaluation items of wetland. The study sites were setted in $5,884,800m^2$ area including Yesan-gun Dae-ree, in which Oriental stork' park will be located, through DEM(Digital Elevation Model) watershed analysis. The thematic map by valuation items with secure of water resource, soil, topography, distance between roads, houses, etc., land using, wildlife corridor, and type of water resource was prepared using GIS program. The sites with high evaluation score were selected as suitable creation sites for wetland through overlapping those maps. Total 8 sites with over 18 point were selected. The characteristics of selected sites show that the soil are consisted of clay, the connectivity is valued high with surface water, the slope are gentle, and the connectivity is good with surroundings ecosystem. The result of water quality analysis, which was implement to survey available water resources and develop the solution of problem of water environment, showed that water quality at Salmok reservoir and Bogang reservoir is generally good, but the water quality at stagnant water body rising out from groundwater is not good. This study has limit to select the suitable sites of wetland only by analyzing physiotherapy environment in study area. Hereafter, the study is need to examine closely enhancement effects of biological diversity through investigation of biotic environment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

We investigated the effect of Capsosiphon fulvescens (CFE) and pheophorbide a (PhA) contained in CFE on oxidative stress regarded as a factor for diabetic complication. Streptozotocin (STZ), known as an oxidative stress inducer, was intraperitoneal injected for causing diabetes. After 7 days, CFE (4 and 20 mg/kg body weight) and PhA (0.2 mg/kg body weight) were treated once a day for 9 weeks. After the sacrifice, testis tissues were collected for the experiments. We confirmed that the treatment with CFE and PhA in diabetic animals not only decreased level of lipid peroxidation and serum nitric oxide compared with the diabetes group, but also the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase were restored remarkably. Furthermore the activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase, were significantly recovered. With these results, our study suggest that CFE containing PhA may prevent seminal glands damages induced by oxidative stress in diabetic condition.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.349-357
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• 2012

Although u-healthcare service is emerged as an alternative method for effective chronic disease management services, the service has not yet been applied for real healthcare setting. The objective of this study is to explore the doctors' perception and influential factors on intention to use u-healthcare service. We conducted survey for physicians about u-healthcare service provision to compare characteristics by different groups. In addition, logistic regression analysis is conducted to find out factors affecting the usage intention. As a result, doctors responded only 16.0% of total respondents had experience of u-healthcare services, but also showed that as high as 70.1% had intention to use service. Also, respondents answered that u-healthcare services is appropriate to apply for chronic disease prevention and diabetes and hypertension are suggested as the most appropriate diseases in order. The intention to use the u-healthcare service by non-university hospital doctors was 3.7 times higher than university hospital doctor. This study shows that identifying the differences of doctors' awareness and also the intention to use about the u-healthcare services will contribute to develop more effective business model.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2014

This study evaluated the environmental impacts of a soil washing (SW) process, especially, we compared the on-site and off-site remediation of TPH-contaminated soil using green and sustainable remediation (GSR) tool. To assess relative contribution of each stage on environmental footprints in the entire soil washing process, we classified the process into four major stages: site foundation (stage I), excavation (stage II), separation & washing (stage III), and wastewater treatment (stage IV). In on-site SW process, the relative contribution of $CO_2$ emissions and energy consumption were 87.1% and 80.4%, respectively in stage I, and in off-site SW process, the relative contribution of $CO_2$ emissions and energy consumption were 82.7% and 80.5%, respectively in stage II. In conclusion, the major factor contributing environmental impact in the SW process were consumable materials including steel and stainless steel for washing equipment in on-site treatment and fuel consumption for transportation of soil in off-site treatment.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.185-208
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• 2018

This study has been made under the purpose of revealing the real effectiveness of Library Application Education, Life and Career Education and Reading Education in order to seek for the activation of school library and right roles of librarian teachers and subject teachers through connected to school library educations according to the free-semester system. For that, the survey was made to 73 teachers and 112 students, who already experienced connected library educations. As a result, the most frequent educations made by teachers and students was Reading Education, the second one was Library Application Education and the least one was Life and Career Education. In the aspect of effectiveness in teachers and students, the result came out quite meaningful and for teachers, especially the manner in the field of expertism, the satisfaction level of teachers was high in Life and Career Education in format style and creativity in source materials. For the students, the meaningful effectiveness shows in interaction field. Based on the research: first, study about various models of Reading Education which will be applied in connected to school library education according to the free-semester system. Second, additional researches are necessary for the expansional aspect of Library Application Education, Life and Career Education and Reading. Third, continuous studies are essential for the elements which can contribute effectiveness. Fourth, offering many strategical methods are essential to demonstrate creativity for the increase in satisfaction level for teachers.