• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.372-386
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of stress in caregivers caring for CVA patients and the level of daily living performance of CVA patients. The subjects for the study were caregivers of 112 CVA patients who enter a hospital or out-patient-department (OPD) at two Oriental medical hospital in Jeonbuk province. The survey instruments used in this study were Kang's ADL check list for daily living performance of patients and Choi's 4 sore scale for stress of caregivers. The survey was conducted from July 4th to August 30th in 1999. The survey results were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) program and can be summarized as follows: 1. The level of daily living performance for the CVA patients was: 1) complete dependence (M=14.9, 13.1%), 2) complete independence (M=23.6, 20.9%), 3) incomplete independence (M=23.9, 21.0%), 4) incomplete dependence (M=26.6, 25%), 5) dependence and independence (M=23.0, 20.0%). The items for with there was a high level daily living performance were: 1) drinking (M=3.62), 2) eating(M=3.25). 3) position returning (M=3.18) : and the items for which there was a low level of daily living performance were: 1) ascending and descending stairs (M=2.08), 2) walking (M=2.47), 3) dressing and undressing trousers (M=2.55). 2. Degree of caregiver stress was: Mean=2.39 at 40 score. The items for which was a high level caregiver stress were: 1) medical fee (M=3.25), 2) being handicapped or recurrence (M=3.02) : and the items for which there was a low level of caregiver stress were: 1) discontinuity of patient's treatment (M = 1.98). 2) change of home atmosphere caused by patient's disease (M = 1.98), 3) desire of patient's knowing about disease (M= 1.99). 3. There was statistically significant difference in the degree of caregiver stress according to the following caregiver's demographic characteristics: education level (F=3.52, P=0.03). change of caregiver (F=5.41. P=0.02). 4. There was a statistically signifiant difference in the level of daily living performance according to the CVA patients demographic characteristics: patient's paralytic status (F=4.48, P=0.01), duration of disease (t=2.76, P=0.03). 5. There was significant difference in degree of caregiver stress according to the CVA patient's demographic characteristics: CVA status (F=4.75, P=0.01). 6. There was statistically significant difference in the degree of caregiver stress according to the level of daily living performance in CVA patients(r=-0.482, P<0.00).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2016

본 연구는 일반 성인을 대상으로 대사증후군 위험인자의 유병률을 파악하고, 각 대사증후군 위험인자들과 비만지표들과의 관련성을 파악하며, 비만지표들의 대사증후군을 예측하기 위한 관련성과 타당도를 검토하고자 시도하였다. 조사대상은 2014년 2월부터 11월까지의 기간에 한국건강관리협회 D지부 건강검진센타에서 종합건강검진을 받았던 20세 이상 1,051명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상자의 대사증후군 유병률은 21.5%이었으며, 각 위험인자의 유병률은 허리둘레의 경우 남자 31.8%, 여자 41.6%이었으며, TG는 남자 35.6%, 여자 17.3%이었고, HDL-C는 남자 17.6%, 여자 34.2%이었다. 혈압은 남자 53.5%, 여자 35.9%이었으며, FBS는 남자 14.9%, 여자 6.8%이었다. 이 같은 유병률은 연령이 높은 군일수록, BMI가 높은 군일수록, 음주횟수가 많은 군일수록, 유의하게 높았다. 비만지표별 대사증후군 위험요인 개수별 예측도를 보면 허리둘레/신장비가 높게 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결과를 볼 때, 다른 비만지표에 비해 허리둘레/신장비가 대사증후군 위험요인을 선별하는데 좀 더 예측력이 있다고 나타났다. 허리둘레/신장비는 간단하고 실용적인 복부비만의 지표가 될 수 있으며 대사증후군에 대한 선별검사로서 체질량지수와 허리둘레보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2015

RTE(ready-to-eat)형 전자레인지 가열용 제품들의 가열 조리 시 특정 부위의 열 변형이 발생하여 전자레인지 포장재의 재질 및 형태별 가열 패턴을 조사하였다. 국내에서 유통되고 있는 시료 9종 중 5개의 시료에서 열 변형이 발생되었고, 국외에서 유통되고 있는 시료 11종 중 8종에서 열 변형이 발생되었다. 국외 시료의 경우 국내 시료보다 열 변형 정도는 덜 하였지만 일부 발생되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 트레이 타입 용기에 열 변형이 발생하는 소스를 담고 전자레인지로 가열하였을 때도 리드지 및 컵에서 열 변형이 관찰되었다. 국내외에서 유통되고 있는 전자레인지 가열용 제품의 염도, 당도, pH 및 점도를 측정한 결과 열 변형 발생 유무 및 정도에 따른 일정한 경향은 없었다. 하지만 극히 낮거나 높은 점도를 가진 시료에서 열 변형이 나타나지 않았고 내용물의 형태 및 포장재의 형태에 따라 열 변형의 차이가 있었다. 따라서 제품의 열 전환 및 열전달을 고려하여 포장재의 깊이 등 설계를 반영하여 포장 내 전자파의 집중을 방지하는 등의 기술 도입이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.10003-10008
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• 2014

Background: Cervical cancer has been a leading female cancer in Thailand for decades, and has been second to breast cancer after 2007. The Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) has provided opportunistic screening with Pap smears for more than 30 years. In 2002, the MoPH and the National Health Security Office provided countrywide systematic screening of cervical cancer to all Thai women aged 35-60 years under universal health care coverage insurance scheme at 5-year intervals. Objectives: This study characterized the cervical cancer incidence trends in Songkhla in southern Thailand using joinpoint and age period cohort (APC) analysis to observe the effect of cervical cancer screening activities in the past decades, and to project cervical cancer rates in the province, to 2030. Materials and Methods: Invasive and in situ cervical cancer cases were extracted from the Songkhla Cancer Registry from 1990 through 2010. Age standardized incidence rates were estimated. Trends in incidences were evaluated by joinpoint and APC regression models. The Norpred package was modified for R and was used to project the future trends to 2030 using the power of 5 function and cut trend method. Results: Cervical cancer incidence in Songkhla peaked around 1998-2000 and then dropped by -4.7% per year. APC analysis demonstrated that in situ tumors caused an increase in incidence in early ages, younger cohorts, and in later years of diagnosis. Conclusions: Both joinpoint and APC analysis give the same conclusion in continuation of a declining trend of cervical cancer to 2030 but with different rates and the predicted goal of ASR below 10 or even 5 per 100,000 women by 2030 would be achieved. Thus, maintenance and improvement of the screening program should be continued. Other population based cancer registries in Thailand should analyze their data to confirm the success of cervical cancer screening policy of Thailand.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.173-185
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• 2003

This study mainly intends to determine the factors for which dental technicians are satisfied with their jobs and how much the resulting job transfer rate is and thus to identify the correlation between them. For these purpose, 200 subjects were sampled out of dental technicians in Seoul and Incheon, and the survey was performed from July 19, 2002 to August 15 (for 25 days) with self-administered questionnaire. Out of all collected questionnaires, 131 pieces(65.5%) were addressed for this study. As for the tools for this study, the structured questionnaire was used with its proven reliability and feasibility, and the contents of questionnaire consisted of 32 questions on the basis of related references. The contents of questionnaire were categorized into 3 sections: General attribute of subjects; Factors for which dental technicians are satisfied with their jobs; and their intention of job transfer. The questionnaire consisted of total 32 questions which included general attribute of subjects(10 questions), factors of their satisfaction with jobs(17 questions) and intention of job transfer(5 questions). The data analysis was processed by computerized system with SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Statistical analysis techniques included frequency, percentage, T-test, F-test analysis and regression analysis. As a result of those analyses, the conclusion can be summarized as follows: 1. As a result of analyzing the factors for which the subjects were satisfied with their jobs, it was found that there were significant differences in career and job title out of question items(P<0.001). It was also shown that the factors of subjects' satisfaction averaged 3.43, which was considerably higher value than I expected. It was found that job and management factors were major job satisfaction factors. 2. As a result of analyzing the intention of subjects to decide their job transfer, it was found that there were significant differences in job title and marital status out of question items(P<0.001). It was shown that the total average of the intention of their job transfer amounted to 3.06. It was shown that dental technicians have relatively higher intention of job transfer from their current work place. 3. It was found that there was inverse correlation between the factors of subjects' satisfaction with their jobs and their intention of job transfer(r=-0.490, P<0.05). Likewise, it was also found that there was inverse correlation mostly between the evaluation value for each independent variable region in term of each factor of job satisfaction and the value for the intention of job transfer. In view of these correlations, it was concluded that higher job satisfaction likely led to lower job transfer. 4. As a result of regression analysis so as to determine the influences of job satisfaction factors on the intention of job transfer, it was found that the highest influential factor was management factor. And it was shown that the test values of model were statistically significant and its explanatory power amounted to 54.6%.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2016

Quantile regression is an efficient method for predicting and estimating the relationship between explanatory variables and percentile points of the response distribution, particularly for extreme percentiles of the distribution. To study the relationship between urbanization and cancer morbidity, we here applied quantile regression. This cross-sectional study was conducted for 9 cancers in 345 cities in 2007 in Iran. Data were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the relationship between urbanization and cancer morbidity was investigated using quantile regression and least square regression. Fitting models were compared using AIC criteria. R (3.0.1) software and the Quantreg package were used for statistical analysis. With the quantile regression model all percentiles for breast, colorectal, prostate, lung and pancreas cancers demonstrated increasing incidence rate with urbanization. The maximum increase for breast cancer was in the 90th percentile (${\beta}$=0.13, p-value<0.001), for colorectal cancer was in the 75th percentile (${\beta}$=0.048, p-value<0.001), for prostate cancer the 95th percentile (${\beta}$=0.55, p-value<0.001), for lung cancer was in 95th percentile (${\beta}$=0.52, p-value=0.006), for pancreas cancer was in 10th percentile (${\beta}$=0.011, p-value<0.001). For gastric, esophageal and skin cancers, with increasing urbanization, the incidence rate was decreased. The maximum decrease for gastric cancer was in the 90th percentile(${\beta}$=0.003, p-value<0.001), for esophageal cancer the 95th (${\beta}$=0.04, p-value=0.4) and for skin cancer also the 95th (${\beta}$=0.145, p-value=0.071). The AIC showed that for upper percentiles, the fitting of quantile regression was better than least square regression. According to the results of this study, the significant impact of urbanization on cancer morbidity requirs more effort and planning by policymakers and administrators in order to reduce risk factors such as pollution in urban areas and ensure proper nutrition recommendations are made.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1550-1556
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• 2017

Objective: This study estimated the genetic parameters for productive and reproductive traits. Methods: The data included production and reproduction records of animals that have calved between 1979 and 2013. The genetic parameters were estimated using multivariate mixed models (DMU) package, fitting univariate and multivariate mixed models with average information restricted maximum likelihood algorithm. Results: The estimates of heritability for milk production traits from the first three lactation records were $0.03{\pm}0.03$ for lactation length (LL), $0.17{\pm}0.04$ for lactation milk yield (LMY), and $0.15{\pm}0.04$ for 305 days milk yield (305-d MY). For reproductive traits the heritability estimates were, $0.09{\pm}0.03$ for days open (DO), $0.11{\pm}0.04$ for calving interval (CI), and $0.47{\pm}0.06$ for age at first calving (AFC). The repeatability estimates for production traits were $0.12{\pm}0.02$, for LL, $0.39{\pm}0.02$ for LMY, and $0.25{\pm}0.02$ for 305-d MY. For reproductive traits the estimates of repeatability were $0.19{\pm}0.02$ for DO, and to $0.23{\pm}0.02$ for CI. The phenotypic correlations between production and reproduction traits ranged from $0.08{\pm}0.04$ for LL and AFC to $0.42{\pm}0.02$ for LL and DO. The genetic correlation among production traits were generally high (>0.7) and between reproductive traits the estimates ranged from $0.06{\pm}0.13$ for AFC and DO to $0.99{\pm}0.01$ between CI and DO. Genetic correlations of productive traits with reproductive traits were ranged from -0.02 to 0.99. Conclusion: The high heritability estimates observed for AFC indicated that reasonable genetic improvement for this trait might be possible through selection. The $h^2$ and r estimates for reproductive traits were slightly different from single versus multi-trait analyses of reproductive traits with production traits. As single-trait method is biased due to selection on milk yield, a multi-trait evaluation of fertility with milk yield is recommended.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제26권
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• pp.27-60
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• 2008

Researches on the introduction of ERP system kept on examining the critical successful factors (CSFs) that focus on factors to achieve effectively successful projects, and trying to measuring the actual effectiveness of the introduction of ERP system. However, most of the preceding researches on the effectiveness of the introduction of ERP system that was searching devoted effects has been ceased, and actually even researches on the economical results have just done the basic cognitive evaluation of result indicators by many questionnaires instead of objective measuring values, because of the difficulty of measuring the evaluation of the result. Moreover, researches on positive effects of the introduction of ERP on enterprise results and researches that failed to give advantageous effects showed different results each other. And a part of researches reported that only a part of result indicators were partially affected. In this research, we investigated Korean large enterprises or middle-sized enterprises in manufacture industry that introduces SAP R/3 and Oracle package to compare their quantitative financial results after the introduction of ERP system, in order to measure the effects of the ERP system. First, we evaluated the difference of the quantitative financial results before and after the introduction of the ERP system. Second, we evaluated the opportunities shown by the effects after the introduction of the ERP system. Third, we removed the sample of the exchange crisis (IMF) and executed the additional analysis to reflect the average increasing and decreasing rate in the industry, so that pure evaluation can be achieved. Inherent limits of precedent researches are removed and practical effects of the pure introduction of the ERP system are evaluated, so the research of this research is significant. The result of this research is as follows. Because of the introduction of ERP, the rate of turnover of inventory property has increased and sales of preparation inventory property have decreased so that more effective inventory property management has been achieved. Moreover, preparation sales of labor costs and preparation sales of the number of employees have decreased to show the effect of the reduction of labor costs. However, it could no be concluded that we could increase the profit due to the introduction of ERP system. Due to the introduction of ERP, although we concluded that the return on assets (ROA) and the additional value of one-person employee statistically showed obvious differences and increased, the return on equity failed to show obvious differences after the process of introduction of ERP.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.215-226
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 수중폭발(UE: underwater explosion)에 의한 해중터널(SFT: submerged floating tunnel)의 동적거동을 양해법(explicit)를 이용하는 LS-DYNA에 의한 유한요소해석을 통하여 분석하였다. SFT의 유한요소모델은 원형단면의 강재 라이너에 콘크리트가 채워진 복합재 원형단면으로 고려되었다. 해중터널 시스템의 중앙부 100m 구간은 탄소성재료를 고려한 솔리드(solid)요소로 상세하게 모델링하였으며, 양측 방향으로 각각 1km 구간에 대해서는 탄성재료를 고려하여 빔(beam) 요소로 이상화하여 모델링하였다. 사선계류시스템은 케이블(cable)요소를 적용하였으며, 수중폭발에 의한 동적거동시 수리동적질량의 영향을 고려하기 위하여 원형단면에 대한 추가질량을 고려하였다. 또한 부력과 같은 상시하중을 초기조건으로 고려하기 위하여 동적완화해석(dynamic relaxation analysis)를 수행하였다. UE는 부력비(B/W)와 폭발지점으로부터 거리의 변화에 대해서 고려하였으며, 폭발의 규모는 천안함 합동조사보고서(2010)를 참조하여 TNT 360kg로 결정하였다. 수중폭발 해석결과, 폭발지점으로부터 SFT까지 거리는 관입량, 충격압력의 크기와 반비례 관계에 있고, 부력비(B/W)가 커질수록 계류장력도 커짐을 확인하였다. 그러나 사선계류라인의 계류각 변화는 SFT의 수평거동, 관입량, 계류력, 충격압력과의 연관성을 찾을 수가 없었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.380-390
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 낙동강 수계에 속한 지류 지천의 효율적인 유역선정 및 수질 개선방안을 모색하기 위해 38개 지류 지천을 대상으로 수질 및 유량 모니터링을 실시하였다. 2013~2014년 동안 실시한 수질 유량자료를 바탕으로, 수질현황 결과와 각 항목 사이 상관관계를 분석하였다. 더불어, 상관계수가 높고 총량 목표수질지표 항목인 생물화학적산소요구량($BOD_5$), 총인(TP) 지표를 이용하여 $BOD_5$농도/유량(Q), TP농도/유량 교차기준으로 지류 지천 등급화 방안을 실시하였다. 그 결과, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, TP, TOC 등의 유기오염물질농도는 낙동왜관 및 낙동고령 중권역에 위치한 구미천, 경호천, 진전천, 기세곡천, 용하천, 용호천 등에서 하천환경기준 III 및 IV 등급 (5~8 mg/L 이하) 수준으로 높게 관찰되었다. Pearson 상관계수를 통한 수질항목 (12가지)간 상관관계 조사 결과 역시, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, TP, TOC 등의 상관관계지수가 다른 수질항목들에 비하여 0.8 (p<0.01) 이상으로 높았다. 유량과 수질 ($BOD_5$, TP)항목을 활용하여 하천등급화를 실시한 결과, 유량 ($0.1m^3/s$ 이상)과 유기물 농도가 높은 ($BOD_5$ > 3.0 mg/L, TP > 0.1 mg/L) I 그룹의 하천(영산천, 구미천, 기세곡천, 용하천, 용호천, 미전천)이 우선수질개선 및 중점 관리가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.