• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide information for other journals as well as the continuous development of distribution science research by confirming the globalization performance of the Journal of Distribution Science (JDS), the main journal of KODISA. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: A total of 863 papers published in JDS from 2011 to 2021 searched by scienceON were divided into 4 periods and analyzed under the headings of submission system, standardity, collaboration, and degree of achievement of publication goals. SPSS 24.0 and R 4.1.1 package were used to perform the publication frequency analysis, crosstab-analysis, keyword frequency analysis, and LDA topic modeling were performed. In addition, trend analysis with weight applied to each word was performed. Results: It was found that the ratio of English-written papers, which is the indicator of a journal's starndardity, is continuously increasing, and the ratio of overseas authors, which is the indicator of collaboration, is also continuously increasing. It was confirmed through keyword trend analysis by period and LDA topic modeling results - which were weighted to confirm the degree of achievement of the journal's publication goal - that the articles published by the journal has been in agreement with monthly research topic proposed by JDS. Conclusion: By examining the five criteria for globalization, it can be concluded that JDS's efforts for globalization are achieving significant results and providing effective directions for other academic journals. However, in order for JDS to become a top academic journal, it was suggested that efforts should be made to establish a system for collaborative research by domestic and foreign authors, as well as to provide a clear definition for the monthly research topics and classification of sub-topics.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.81-98
• /
• 2023

Objectives : This study aimed to analyze the trends in research and development projects related to herbal medicine and natural products in the field of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) over the past 20 years. Methods : Research projects were identified using "Korean medicine" as the subject heading in the National Science and Technology Information Service. The included projects investigated Korean medicine, natural products, or were related to the TKM industry. Data pre-processing and network analysis were performed using Python and Networkx package, and the network was visualized using the ForceAtlas2 visualization algorithm. Results : 1. Over the study period, 4,020 projects were conducted with a research budget of KRW 835.2 billion. Seven institutions performed over 100 projects each, accounting for 2.4% of all participating institutions, and the top 10 institutions accounted for 58.9% of total projects. 2. Obesity was the most frequently mentioned disease-related keyword. Chronic or age-related diseases such as diabetes, osteoporosis, dementia, parkinson's disease, cancer, inflammation, and asthma were also frequent research topics. Clinical research, safety, and standardization were also frequently mentioned. 3. Centrality analysis found that obesity was the only disease-related keyword identified, alongside TKM-related keywords. Standardization, safety, and clinical trials were identified as central keywords. Conclusions : The study found that research projects in TKM have focused on standardizing and ensuring the safety of herbal medicine, as well as on chronic and age-related diseases. Clinical studies aimed at verifying the effectiveness of herbal medicine were also frequent. These findings can guide future research and development in herbal medicine.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.631-652
• /
• 2023

In the two-condition within-subject mediation design, pairs of variables such as mediator and outcome are observed under two treatment conditions. The main objective of the design is to investigate the indirect effects of the condition difference (sum) on the outcome difference (sum) through the mediator difference (sum) for comparison of two treatment conditions. The natural condition variables mean the original variables, while the rotated condition variables mean the difference and the sum of two natural variables. The outcome difference (sum) is expressed as a linear model regressed on two natural (rotated) mediators as a parallel two-mediator design in two condition approaches: the natural condition approach uses regressors as the natural condition variables, while the rotated condition approach uses regressors as the rotated condition variables. In each condition approach, the total indirect effect on the outcome difference (sum) can be expressed as the sum of two individual indirect effects: within- and cross-condition indirect effects. The total indirect effects on the outcome difference (sum) for both condition approaches are the same. The invariance of the total indirect effect makes it possible to analyze the nature of two pairs of individual indirect effects induced from the natural conditions and the rotated conditions. The two-condition within-subject design is extended to the addition of a between-subject moderator. Probing of the conditional indirect effects given the moderator values is implemented by plotting the bootstrap confidence intervals of indirect effects against the moderator values. The expected indirect effect with respect to the moderator is derived to provide the overall effect of moderator on the indirect effect. The model coefficients are estimated by the structural equation modeling approach and their statistical significance is tested using the bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. All procedures are evaluated using function lavaan() of package {lavaan} in R.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.38.1-38.8
• /
• 2023

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an important cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Therefore, the exact molecular mechanisms of NSCLC are unidentified. The present investigation aims to identify the miRNAs with predictive value in NSCLC. The two datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNA) and mRNAs (DEmRNA) were selected from the normalized data. Next, miRNA-mRNA interactions were determined. Then, co-expression network analysis was completed using the WGCNA package in R software. The co-expression network between DEmiRNAs and DEmRNAs was calculated to prioritize the miRNAs. Next, the enrichment analysis was performed for DEmiRNA and DEmRNA. Finally, the drug-gene interaction network was constructed by importing the gene list to dgidb database. A total of 3,033 differentially expressed genes and 58 DEmiRNA were recognized from two datasets. The co-expression network analysis was utilized to build a gene co- expression network. Next, four modules were selected based on the Z_summary score. In the next step, a bipartite miRNA-gene network was constructed and hub miRNAs (let-7a-2-3p, let-7d-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7a-5p, and let-7b-3p) were selected. Finally, a drug-gene network was constructed while SUNITINIB, MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE, DOFETILIDE, HALOPERIDOL, and CALCITRIOL drugs were recognized as a beneficial drug in NSCLC. The hub miRNAs and repurposed drugs may act a vital role in NSCLC progression and treatment, respectively; however, these results must validate in further clinical and experimental assessments.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2023

산업 인공지능의 발달과 함께 반도체의 수요가 크게 증가하고 있다. 시장 수요에 대응하기 위해 패키징 공정에서 자동 결함 검출의 중요성 역시 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라, 패키지의 자동 불량 검사를 위한 딥러닝 기반의 방법론들의 연구가 활발히 이루어 지고 있다. 딥러닝 기반의 모델은 학습을 위해서 대량의 고해상도 데이터를 필요로 하나, 보안이 중요한 반도체 분야의 특성상 관련 데이터의 공유 및 레이블링이 쉽지 않아 모델의 학습이 어려운 한계를 지니고 있다. 또한 고해상도 이미지를 생성하기 위해 상당한 컴퓨팅 자원이 요구되는데, 본 연구에서는 분할정복 접근법을 통해 적은 컴퓨팅 자원으로 딥러닝 모델 학습을 위한 충분한 양의 데이터를 확보하는 방법을 소개한다. 제안된 방법은 높은 해상도의 이미지를 분할하고 각 영역에 조건 레이블을 부여한 후, 독립적인 부분 영역과 경계를 학습시켜, 경계 손실이 일관적인 이미지를 생성하도록 유도한다. 이후, 분할된 이미지를 하나로 통합하여, 최종적으로 모델이 고해상도의 이미지를 생성하도록 구성하였다. 실험 결과, 본 연구를 통해 증강된 이미지들은 높은 효율성, 일관성, 품질 및 범용성을 보였다.

• 중환자간호학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.24-33
• /
• 2023

Purpose : This study aims to establish an optimal cut-off score on the Braden scale for the assessment of pressure injury to detect pressure injury risks among inpatients in a South Korean tertiary hospital. Methods : This retrospective study used electronic medical records, from January to December 2022. A total of 654 patients were included in the study. Of these, 218 inpatients with pressure injuries and 436 without pressure injuries were classified and analyzed using 1:2 Propensity Score Matching (PSM), and the generalized estimating equation was performed using SPSS Version 26 and the R Machlt package program. Results : The cut-off value on the Braden scale for distinguishing pressure injury was 17 points, and the AUC (area under the ROC curve) was 0.531 (0.484-0.579). The sensitivity was 56.6% (45.5-67.7%) and the specificity was 69.7% (66.0-73.4%). With 17 points, the Braden scale cut-off distinguished those who had pressure injuries from those who did not at the time of admission (p < .03). In the pressure injury group, the Braden score on the day of the pressure injury was 14, with significant results in all subcategories except the moisture category. Conclusion : Our findings revealed that a cut-off value of 17 was optimal for predicting the risk of pressure injuries among tertiary hospital inpatients. Future studies should evaluate the optimal cut-off values in different clinical environments. Additionally, it is necessary to conduct multicenter large sample studies to verify the effectiveness of a 17 value in PI risk assessments.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise in patients with hemophilia. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted of published randomized controlled trials for exercise interventions from January 1, 2014 to March 15, 2023. To estimate the size of the effects of exercise, a meta-analysis was performed using the R package "meta." Results: Five databases were searched to obtain articles published in Korean or English. Of 1,150 articles reviewed, 13 were included in the systematic review and 9 in the meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0. The overall effect sizes of exercise interventions, calculated as the standardized mean difference, were -0.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.41 to -1.20) for pain, -2.13 (95% CI = -3.33 to -0.93) for joint health, 9.96 (95% CI = 7.51 to 12.28) for physical activity, and 0.59 (95% CI = -0.39 to -1.56) for quality of life. Conclusion: These findings suggest that exercise is useful for improving the joint health and physical activity of patients with hemophilia. Thus, it is necessary to develop and apply exercise interventions for patients with hemophilia to reduce their pain and improve their quality of life.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2024

최근 반도체 칩의 소형화 및 고집적화에 따라 미세 피치에 의한 범프 브리지 (bump bridge) 현상이 문제점으로 주목받고 있다. 이에 따라 범프 브리지 현상을 최소화할 수 있는 Cu pillar bump가 미세 피치에 대응하기 위해 반도체 패키지 산업에서 널리 적용되고 있다. 고온의 환경에 노출될 경우, 접합부 계면에 형성되는 금속간화합물(Intermetallic compound, IMC)의 두께가 증가함과 동시에 일부 IMC/Cu 및 IMC 계면 내부에 Kirkendall void가 형성되어 성장하게 된다. IMC의 과도한 성장과 Kirkendall void의 형성 및 성장은 접합부에 대한 기계적 신뢰성을 약화시키기 때문에 이를 제어하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 CS(Cu+ Sn-1.8Ag Solder) 구조 Cu pillar bump의 등온 시효 처리에 따른 접합부 특성 평가가 수행되었으며 그 결과가 보고되었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2024

Artificial Intelligence(AI) 기술이 발전함에 따라 데이터 센터 분야 등에서 고사양 반도체에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 이러한 추세에 맞춰 반도체 성능을 향상하기 위해 회로의 미세화 및 I/O의 고밀도화가 요구되고 있으며 이를 충족할 수 있는 기술로 차세대 packaging인 2.5dimension(D) packaging이 주목받고 있다. 2.5D packaging에 활용되는 요소 기술로는 microbump, interposer 및bridge die가 있다. 이러한 기술을 적용하면 기존 방식 대비 더 많은 수의 I/O 구현이 가능하여 동시에 다량의 정보를 송수신할 수 있으며, 전기 신호를 전달하는 배선 길이를 단축하여 전력 소모량을 감소시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 molding 공정 및 R DL공정을 융합하여 제작한 Molded Bridge die on Substrate(MBoS) 공정 기술을 제안한다. 제안된 MBoS 기술은 적용이 쉽고 활용 분야가 넓어 차세대 패키징 기술의 대중화에 기여할 것으로 예상된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.1696-1702
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of body weight growth adjustment methods on genetic parameters of body growth and tissue among three pig breeds. Data collected on 101,820 Landrace, 281,411 Yorkshire, and 78,068 Duroc pigs, born in Korean swine breeder farms since 2000, were analyzed. Records included body weights on test day and amplitude (A)-mode ultrasound carcass measures of backfat thickness (BF), eye muscle area (EMA), and retail cut percentage (RCP). Days to 90 kg body weight (DAYS90), through an adjustment of the age based on the body weight at the test day, were obtained. Ultrasound measures were also pre-adjusted (ABF, EMA, AEMA, ARCP) based on their test day measures. The (co)variance components were obtained with 3 multi-trait animal models using the REMLF90 software package. Model I included DAYS90 and ultrasound traits, whereas model II and III accounted DAYS90 and pre-adjusted ultrasound traits. Fixed factors were sex (sex) and contemporary groups (herd-year-month of birth) for all traits among the models. Additionally, model I and II considered a linear covariate of final weight on the ultrasound measure traits. Heritability ($h^2$) estimates for DAYS90, BF, EMA, and RCP ranged from 0.36 to 0.42, 0.34 to 0.43, 0.20 to 0.22, and 0.39 to 0.45, respectively, among the models. The $h^2$ estimates of DAYS90 from model II and III were also somewhat similar. The $h^2$ for ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were 0.35 to 0.44, 0.20 to 0.25, and 0.41 to 0.46, respectively. Our heritability estimates varied mostly among the breeds. The genetic correlations ($r_G$) were moderately negative between DAYS90 and BF (-0.29 to -0.38), and between DAYS90 and EMA (-0.16 to -0.26). BF had strong $r_G$ with RCP (-0.87 to -0.93). Moderately positive $r_G$ existed between DAYS90 and RCP (0.20 to 0.28) and between EMA and RCP (0.35 to 0.44) among the breeds. For DAYS90, model II and III, its correlations with ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were mostly low or negligible except the $r_G$ between DAYS90 and AEMA from model III (0.27 to 0.30). The $r_G$ between AEMA and ABF and between AEMA and ARCP were moderate but with negative and positive signs, respectively; also reflected influence of pre-adjustments. However, the $r_G$ between BF and RCP remained non-influential to trait pre-adjustments or covariable fits. Therefore, we conclude that ultrasound measures taken at a body weight of about 90 kg as the test final should be adjusted for body weight growth. Our adjustment formulas, particularly those for BF and EMA, should be revised further to accommodate the added variation due to different performance testing endpoints with regard to differential growth in body composition.