• 제목/요약/키워드: R-T characteristics

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수면장애에서 비침습적 뇌자극술의 치료 효과 고찰: 경두개자기자극술과 경두개직류전기자극술을 중심으로 (A Review on Effects of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Sleep Disorders)

  • 김신혜;이수지;임수미;윤수정
    • 수면정신생리
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.53-69
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    • 2021
  • Sleep disorders, increasingly prevalent in the general population, induce impairment in daytime functioning and other clinical problems. As changes in cortical excitability have been reported as potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sleep disorders, multiple studies have explored clinical effects of modulating cortical excitability through non-invasive brain stimulation in treating sleep disorders. In this study, we critically reviewed clinical studies using non-invasive brain stimulation, particularly transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), for treatment of sleep disorders. Previous studies have reported inconsistent therapeutic effects of TMS and tDCS for various kinds of sleep disorders. Specifically, low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) and cathodal tDCS, both of which exert an inhibitory effect on cortical excitability, have shown inconsistent therapeutic effects for insomnia. On the other hand, high-frequency rTMS and anodal tDCS, both of which facilitate cortical excitability, have improved the symptoms of hypersomnia. In studies of restless legs syndrome, high-frequency rTMS and anodal tDCS induced inconsistent therapeutic effects. Single TMS and rTMS have shown differential therapeutic effects for obstructive sleep apnea. These inconsistent findings indicate that the distinctive characteristics of each non-invasive brain stimulation method and specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying particular sleep disorders should be considered in an integrated manner for treatment of various sleep disorders. Future studies are needed to provide optimized TMS and tDCS protocols for each sleep disorder, considering distinctive effects of non-invasive brain stimulation and pathophysiology of each sleep disorder.

방사성요오드 치료 환자의 자가간호와 자기효능감 및 사회적지지 (Self-care, Self-efficacy and Social Support of Patients Receiving Radioactive Iodine Therapy)

  • 김지숙;김지수
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제13권11호
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    • pp.261-268
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 방사성요오드 치료 후 방사선으로 인한 부작용과 방사성 노출을 예방하기 위한 자가간호의 정도를 파악하고, 자기효능감과 사회적지지와의 관계를 규명하여 방사성요오드 치료 후 환자에게 요구되는 간호중재를 제시하고자 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구 기간은 2013년 3월에서 5월까지이며, 경기도 소재 암전문병원에서 갑상선절제술을 받고 방사성요오드 치료를 받는 환자 108명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 연구결과 대상자의 자가간호는 56점 만점에 평균 52.10점으로 나타났으며, 방사선요오드 치료 환자의 자가간호는 자녀의 유무(t=-2.312, p=.023)와 건강에 대한 관심(t=5.689, p<.001)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한 자가간호는 자기효능감(r=.610, p<.001), 가족지지(r=.646, p<.001), 의료인지지(r=.276, p=.004)와 유의한 양적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과 1단계에서는 건강에 대한 관심(t=5.301, p<.001)이 자가간호에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났고, 2단계에서는 건강에 대한 관심(t=2.140, p=.035), 가족지지(t=3.353, p=.001)가 유의한 영향변수로 나타났으며 이들 변인은 자가간호에 대해 약 46.3%를 설명하고 있었으며 가장 영향력 있는 요인으로는 건강에 대한 관심(${\beta}$=1.309, p=.035)이었다.

R32를 포함한 R22 대체 혼합냉매의 모세관 유동 특성 (Flow Characteristics of Refrigerant Mixtures with R32 in a Capillary Tube)

  • 장세동;노승탁
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.177-186
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    • 1996
  • The characteristics of the flow of pure HFC refrigerants(R32, R125, and R134a) and their mixtures through capillary tubes were investigated experimentally. Two capillary tubes with 1.2mm and 1.6mm inner diameter and 1.5m length were adopted as test sections. Mass flow rates and temperatures and pressures were measured for several condensing temperatures and degrees of subcooling at capillary tube inlet. The effects of the condensing temperature, inner diameter of capillary tube, and subcooling on the mass flow rate of refrigerants were discussed, and the mass flow rates of HFC refrigerants were compared with that of R22. The pressure and temperature distributions along the capillary tube compared with that of R22. The pressure and temperature distributions along the capillary tube show that there is a metastable equilibrium state in the flow through the tube. Underpressure for vaporization increases as refrigerant mass flux increases and inlet subcooling decreases. Empirical correlation was suggested to predict underpressure for vaporization of the HFC refrigerants.

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커먼 레일 시스템 고압 연료 분사용 스월 노즐 인젝터의 분사 특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Injection Characteristics of Swirl Nozzle Injector in Common-rail System for High Pressure Fuel Injection)

  • 신윤섭;이기수;김현철;곽상신;신석신;서현규
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2013
  • In this work, the evaluation of swirl nozzle injector performance was conducted by investigating effective area ($A_{eff}$), injection mass ($m_{inj}$), injection rate ($Q_{inj}$), and injection delay ($t_{delay}$) under various test conditions. To achieve these, fuel injection analysis system which was composed of fuel supply system, injection system, and control system was installed. At the same time, the swirl nozzle that had 12 orifice hole with $120^{\circ}$ injection angle was used in this work. It was revealed that the difference of injection mass ($m_{inj}$) between base and swirl nozzle injector increased as the injection pressure ($P_{inj}$) and energizing duration ($t_{eng}$) decreased under the same test conditions. The maximum injection rate ($Q_{inj}$) of swirl nozzle injector was higher than base nozzle injector about 2~5%. The injection performance of swirl nozzle was better than base nozzle at low injection pressure ($P_{inj}$) and short energizing duration ($t_{eng}$) conditions.

Presence of Tumour-infiltrating FOXP3+ Lymphocytes Correlates with Immature Tumour Angiogenesis in Renal Cell Carcinomas

  • Zhan, Hai-Lun;Gao, Xin;Zhou, Xiang-Fu;Pu, Xiao-Yong;Wang, De-Juan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.867-872
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    • 2012
  • Background: $FOXP3^+$ regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit effector T cell functions and are implicated in tumour progression. However, together with microvessel density (MVD) they remain controversial prognostic predictors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and potential associations have yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of Tregs and MVD and their potential relationship in RCCs. Design: Paraffin-embedded tissues from 62 RCC patients were analysed using immunohistochemistry to detect $FOXP3^+$ lymphocytes, and double immunohistochemistry to detect different microvessel types in the tumour interior, rim and normal kidney tissue, and their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. Survival analysis was also performed. Results: The presence of $FOXP3^+$ cells in the tumour interior or the rim showed no correlation with death from RCC and other pathological characteristics. Negative correlations were noted between the immature MVD in the tumour interior or the rim and tumour size, tumour stage and overall survival; however, there was no correlation with the nuclear grade or pathological type. A positive correlation between $FOXP3^+$ Tregs and immature MVD (r=0.363, P=0.014) and mature MVD (r=0.383, P=0.009) was confirmed in the tumour interior. However, there was no correlation between $FOXP3^+$ Tregs and mature MVD (r=0.281, P=0.076) or immature MVD (r=0.064, P=0.692) in the tumour rim. Conclusions: In this study, a positive correlation between the presence of $FOXP3^+$ Tregs and immature and mature MVD in RCC was confirmed, which suggests a link between suppression of immunity, tumour angiogenesis and poor prognosis.

IR CHARACTERISTICS OF MOLECULAR CLOUDS IN THE REGION OF SUPERSHELL GS234-02

  • JUNG JAE HOON;LEE JUNG KYU;YOON TAE SEOG
    • 천문학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.71-81
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    • 1997
  • We have studied the IR properties of molecular clouds in the region of the supershell GS234-02 using IRAS and COBE data. The mean values of dust color temperature and optical depth at $240{\mu}m$ are derived to be $15.4\pm1.5K\; and\;9.0\pm5.7\times10^{-4}$, respectively, which agree well with those determined by Sodroski et al.(1994) for the outer Galaxy. Mean IRAS colors, $R_{12}/100= 0.074,\; R_{25}/100= 0.052,\; R_{60/100}= 0.219$, indicate that the abundance of PAHs is enhanced but other particles are nearly the same as those of the solar neighborhood. We found the anticorrelation between $R_{100/140}\;and\;R_{140/240}$. It cannot be explained by the thermal emission of traditional big grains. The anticorrelation implies that, at high ISRF, $T_{100/140}$ underestimates the equilibrium temperature, while $T_{140/240}$ overestimates it and, at low ISRF, vice versa. Therefore we propose to use the intensity ratio, $R_{100/240}$ as a dust thermometer.

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Complete mitochondrial genome of freshwater goby Rhinogobius cliffordpopei (Perciformes, Gobiidae): genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis

  • Zhong, Liqiang;Wang, Minghua;Li, Daming;Tang, Shengkai;Zhang, Tongqing;Bian, Wenji;Chen, Xiaohui
    • Genes and Genomics
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    • 제40권11호
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    • pp.1137-1148
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    • 2018
  • Freshwater gobies Rhinogobius cliffordpopei and R. giurinus are invasive species with particular concern because they have become dominant and were fierce competitors in the invaded areas in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (southwest of China). Information about genetic characteristics of R. giurinus have been published, but there were still no relevant reports about R. cliffordpopei. In present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of R. cliffordpopei was determined, which was 16,511 bp in length with A+T content of 51.1%, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and a control region. The gene composition and the structural arrangement of the R. cliffordpopei complete mtDNA were identical to most of other teleosts. Phylogenetic analyses placed R. cliffordpopei in a well-supported monophyletic cluster with other Rhinogobius fish. But the phylogenetic relationship between genus Rhinogobius and Tridentiger remained to be resolved.

BLN-PZT 세라믹의 상전이 특성 (Phase Transition Characteristics of the BLN - PZT Ceramics.)

  • 류기원;이영종;배선기;이영회
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 1994
  • Temperature dependences of the remanent polarization $P_{\gamma}$/(T), effective birefringence ㅿn(T). dielectric constant K(T) and quadratic electro-optic coefficient R(T) of the two-stage sintered xBa(La$_{1/2}$Nb$_{1/2}$)O$_3$Pb$(Zr_{y}Ti_{1-y})O-{3}$(x=0.085, 0.09, 0.40$\leq$y$\leq$0.70)ceramics were investigated. Increasing the PbZrO$_3$ contents, the crystal structure of a specimen was varied from tetragonal and rhombohedral to cubic, and the phase transition was showed a diffuse phase transition(DPT) characteristics. Especially. in the compositions which located on the PE-FE phase boundary were showed a discrepancy between curie temperature and temperature range which a macroscopic polarization and a effective birefringence were disappeared.

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응급구조학 전공학생의 공감능력, 자기조절능력이 임상실습스트레스에 미치는 영향 (Effects of empathy and self-regulation capacities of paramedic students on clinical practice stress)

  • 김민채;박정희;최효원;김진영
    • 한국응급구조학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.149-159
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study aimed to determine a method to reduce stress in clinical practice by identifying how the empathy and self-regulation capacities of paramedic students influence their stress levels. Methods: Selected articles were statistically analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Data on 172 3rd-year and 4th-year paramedic students in Daejeon were used. The subject's general characteristics (sex, university education, the number of the medical training center, work type, satisfaction with college life, and satisfaction with their major) were analyzed according to empathy and self-regulation ability by t-test and ANOVA. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for the correlation of empathy, self-regulation ability, and clinical practice stress. Hierarchical regression was used for factors influencing clinical practice. Results: Clinical practice stress levels were significantly different between general characteristics of sex (t=3.002, p=0.003), university education (t=2.815, p=0.006), the number of the medical training center (t=-2.998, p=0.003), work type (t=-2.998, p=0.003), satisfaction with college life (t=5.280, p=0.000), and satisfaction with major (t=5.132, p=0.000). Empathy (r=-.520, p<.001) and self-regulation ability (r=-.330, p<.001) significantly negatively correlated with major variables, and the major factor influencing clinical practice stress levels was empathy. Conclusion: Extension of education and various experiences for improving empathy and developing management programs should be performed to decrease clinical practice stress on paramedic students.

대학생의 자기조절학습, 주의력 조절, 피로 및 아침 식사 특성 (A Study on Self-regulated Learning, Attentional Control, and Fatigue Related to Breakfast Characteristics of University Students)

  • 김정아;김인경
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.465-477
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of breakfast characteristics of university students on their self-regulated learning, attentional control, and fatigue in order to provide-basic data for establishing desirable eating habits, self-regulated learning skills using attentional control, and advisable learning habits of university students. Method: The level of fatigue was estimated using the Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Critical flicker frequency (CFF). Attentional control was measured using the Attentional Control Questionnaire (ACQ) adapted by Yoon. Self-regulated learning was surveyed by the Self-Regulated Learning Test developed by Chung. Data from atotal of 142 university students were collected from November 30 to December 9, 2011. Result: 69% of the subjects skipped their breakfast. Attentional control has a negative correlation with fatigue (r=-.179, p=.033) and a positive correlation with self-regulated learning (r=.352, p<.001). The multiple regression model of self-regulated learning consists of attentional control (t=3.218, p=.002), commuting time (t=-3.076, p=.003), understanding the importance of breakfast (t=-2.413, p=.008), and skipping breakfast(t=-2.195, p=.030) and its R-square was 21.8%. Conclusion: Learning efficiency of university students should be improved by means of attentional control, which is related to self-regulated learning. Also, it is essential for university students to establish healthy lifestyles including regular eating habits and attentional control, in order to improve their self-regulated learning.