• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2006

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between the levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in the peritoneal fluid of women with and without endometriosis and infertile women. Methods: This study is prospective and case-control study in University hospital, enrolled thirty-four women with laparoscopic findings of minimal to severe endometriosis, and thirty-seven women with no visual evidence of pelvic endometriosis and with benign gynecologic disease. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ levels in peritoneal fluid were determined using commercial ELISA. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ concentrations were compared among women with and without endometriosis, and with infertile and fertile women, and then also compared according the revised American Fertility Society classification. Results: IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ concentrations were higher than in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis than in matched normal controls. Cyclic variations in IL-6 concentrations were seen in peritoneal fluid from patients with endometriosis: the concentrations in the secretory phase were significantly higher than those in the proliferative phase. The concentrations were higher than among of infertile women than in fertile women. A significant correlation between IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ concentrations and endometriosis stage III and IV was noted. Conclusion: Increased levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in patients with endometriosis in the peritoneal fluid may be relate to the pathogenesis of endometriosis suggesting that partially contribute to the disturbed immune regulation observed in patients with endometriosis.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1978

In order to establish a better combination of nutrients of complex fertilizer for apple tree a boron-enriched complex fertilizer ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O-B_2O_5-MgO$: 10 10-0.2-2.0) was compared with various treatments using urea superphosphate, potash muriate, usual complex fertilizer (22-22-11) and borax in its effect on the various growth status such as total leaf weight per tree and shoot growth of dwarf Fuji (1 year old) and super type Starcreamson (3 year old) grown at comparatively poor soils. For Fuji grown on sandy red soils the boron-enriched complex fertilizer (BC) was best and followed by-usual complex fertilizer NPK only, NPK only+Boron, BC+high boron (17times) and no phosphorus in the order. For Starcreamson grown on heavy clayey soils CB+high boron and phosphorus was best and followed by BC, usual complex fertilizer, NPK only, BC+high boron, NPK+boron and no phosphorus in the order. Without compost in the poor heavy clayey soil the growth was worse with high boron and best with NPK+boron and followed by BC Growth was poor with high boron alone but better with phosphorus and high boron, and it was thought that boron was effective when it was distributed in soil with N.P.K. Fertilizer response of apple tree was well appeared on leaf length, new shoot length and total leaf weight per tree. Suitable formulation of a boron-enriched complex fertilizer for apple tree appeared as 10-20-10-0.6 ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O-B_2O_5$) for poor fields and fields with moderate fertility. Chemical analysis of leaves suggested Mg effect on the increase of leaf weight. Effect of Fe was similar to thatof of Mg.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.816-821
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• 1996

Lung transplantation is the established treatment for the end stage lung disedse find preservation of the organ is a major obstacle In performing lung transplantation. For solving this problem, we evaluated the histopathologic changes for various preservation solutions. Male mongrel dogs of similar size and weight (15∼20 kg) were used. The dog lungs were flushed with 4fl normal saline(group 1 'n:5): Modified Euro-Collins solution(group 2 n:5) and University of Wisconsin solution (group 3 : n=6), 60m11kg through a catheter placed in the main pulmonary artery aft r flushing of PGE 1 (20ng1kg). The lungs were preserved for 60 hours and measured dry and wet weights. Histologic specimens were taken every 6 hours and %toed for light microscopic evaluation. The edema ratio of the lungs peaked in 12 hours although there was no difference between the groups. Histologically, alveolar septal changes developed in one case (20%) after 1 hour preservation with normal saline. In case of the University of Wisconsin solution, the alveolar septal distortions and swellings were seen in 1 cases (20%) after 6 hours preservation compared with 3 cases (60%) after 6 hours preservation with Modified Euro-Collins solution. Changes of the pneumocytes were observed after 24 hours preser- vation in group 1, after 48 hours preservation in group 2 and after 60 hours preservation in group 3. We conclude that University of Wisconsin solution might have a superior preservation effect compare to normal saline and Modified Euro-Collins solutions.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2002

Purpose: The most common causes of neonatal cholestasis are neonatal hepatitis (NH) and extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA). Since neonatal cholestasis presents with variable expression of same pathologic process and has similar clinical, biochemical, and histologic features between EHBA and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (NH), differential diagnosis is often difficult. We reviewed the differences of clinical characteristics and laboratory data to find out any correlation between the results of $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan and presence of acholic stool. Methods: Between June 1993 and January 2001, total 29 infants younger than 4 month-old underwent $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan. Their biochemical tests and clinical course were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Patients who had negative intestinal activity on $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan showed acholic stool and revealed higher serum direct bilirubin and urine bilirubin level. 18.2% of patients with acholic stool showed intestinal activity on $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan and 81.8% of them did not. All the patients without acholic stool showed positive intestinal activity on $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan. The result of $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan and the presence of acholic stool showed high negative correlation (r :-0.858). Patients with acholic stool and negative intestinal activity on $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan showed higher serum total bilirubin level. Patients without acholic stool and positive intestinal activity on $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan showed higher serum level of ALT. Conclusion: Patients with acholic stool and negative intestinal activity showed high correlation, but 18.2% of patients with acholic stool showed positive intestinal activity. So operative cholangiogram or transcutaneous liver biopsy should be performed for confirmation.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• no.11
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• pp.81-86
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• 1970

This report was prepared to compare and analyze the testing method and classification of winding test in Korea to that in Japan, and the obtained results, which had been carried out, in Korea, from Sep. to Nov. in 1968 and in Japan through June in 1968, was as followings. 1. In Korean raw silk, (21 D.) the average number of breaks on winding test showed 5.91 by Korean Method but showed 8.6 by Japanese method and the latter increased to 2.7. On the other hand in Japanese raw silk, it showed 3.6 by Korean method but 4.7 by Japanese method and the latter increased to 1.1. (See Table 2,3) 2. It was seemed the tendency that the lot distribution of breaks number in Korean silk was mostly concentrated to the breaks No. 3,4 and 5(48％) by Korean method but in case of Japanese method to the breaks number 5,6 and 7(36％), and the tendency that the concentration depended mostly on the increased number of breaks. In Japanese raw silk, it was seemed the tendency that the lot distribution of breaks number was mostly concentrated to the breaks number 1. 2, and 3 (55％) by Korean Method but in case of Japanese Method to the breaks number, 2,3 and 4(50％) and the tendency that the concentration was as similar as the above. (See Table 2,3) 3. It was found the tendency that the distribution of breaks number during the open winding test was mostly concentrate red to the average number of breaks not only in Korea but in Japan. The rate 0: non-breaks, however, showed 43％ of Japan, to 7％ of Korea. (See Table 4) 4. Applying Table 1,2 to the Classification of Korea and Japan, the class distribution by Korean table showed 68％ of class 1(6), 22％ of cl ass 2(10) and 9％ of class 3(15) in Korean silk, while that by Japanese table showed 13％ of class 1(4), 56％ of class 2(10) and 29％ of class 3(18). And then the testing result to be class 1 or 2 by Korean table was. degraded from class 1 to class 2 of 55％ and from class 2 to class 3 of 20％ down. In Japanese silk, however, the class distribution by Korean table showed 85％ of class 1 (4), 10％ of class 2(10) and 5％ of class 3(18) but that by Japanese table showed 60％ of class 1(4), 33％ of class 2(10) and 7％ of class 3(18). And then there was little difference in the rate of class distribution. 5. Through the above investigation, it was seemed that Japanese classification table was only prepared for the r∼w silk of Japan, considering that the width of class 1(4) in winding table was greatly tighter than that of Korea. Because it was generally evaluated that Korean silk in quality especially in the winding test was better (next to Japan) than any other countries. 6. We could venture to estimate that, applying to Japanese method, the testing result of break number in Korean silk would show from about 6 by Korean method to 9. And then it would be found degrading hi the testing result of winding test increased gradually.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.283-296
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• 2003

Emulsion-type sausages were manufactured to investigate the effects of CLA-vegetable oils and CLA-lard on quality characteristics of emulsion-type sausage. Each treatments replaced pork back fat with CLA-corn oil (CLA-CO), CLA-safflower seed oil (CLA-SSO) and CLA-lard (CLA-LD) were stored during 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at 4$^{\circ}C$. The changes in physico-chemical properties, texture, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), fatty acid composition and CLA content of each treatments were measured during 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at 4$^{\circ}C$. During storage, pH of control showed higher pH value than that of CLA-vegetable and CLA-lard treatments. The pH values of all treatments was significantly low at storage 14 days (p<0.05). The color L* and a*-value of all the treatments was not significantly changed with the storage periods. Color b*-value of CLA-treatments was higher than that of control during the storage period. Fatty acids composition was changed by addition of CLA-vegetable oils and CLA-lard. All kinds of fatty acids composition were decreased with CLA replacements than that of the control. Whereas linolenic acid content extremely increased by replacement of CLA-vegetable. CLA content of CLA-treatments was extremely increased than that of the control. The cohesiveness, springness, gumminess and brittleness of CLA-LD treatment was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the other treatments. The TBARS value of all treatments were significantly increased (P<0.05) as the storage period was passed. TBARS of sausage products containing CLA-CO was the lowest. Summing up the a forementioned results, emulsion-type sausage manufacturing with CLA-vegetable oil and CLA-lard was not affected in physico-chemical properties and texture characteristics. Also, it may be assumed that the high quality sausage can be manufactured with the extent of storage period and CLA accumulation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2002

Forage breeding laboratory of National Livestock Research Institute, R.D.A. has made interspecific hybrids of Lolium multiflorum $\times$ L. pratensis and intergeneric hybrids of Lolium $\times$ Festuca since 1984, and has collected ecotypes of Italian ryegrass since 1991. Growth characteristics of these hybrids and ecotypes were researched, and then these clone lines were named. Among these clone lines, the several clones that have polen fertility, high cold-tolerance, and similar heading time were used for making synthetics, Naehan 6, 7, 8, 9, with polycrossing method in 1997. Field experiments were carried out to compare the mophological and agronomical characteristics and forage productivity and quality of the synthetics with those of Italian ryegrass varieties, Barmultra and Hwasan 101. in Suwon and Yonchun from 1999 to 2000. Heading time of the synthetics were 22th to 24th May that belong to late-mature types to be similar to that of Barmultra and Hwasan 101 in Suwon. The synthetics were 101 to 106 c3n in plant length, medium or thick in thickness of stem, dark peen in leaf color, broad and long in flag leaf, strong in lodging resistance, and excellent in regrowth. Winter survivals of the synthetics were no different from that of Barmultra or Hwasan 101 in Suwon, but better than that of Barmultra or Hwasan 101 in Yonchun where was -10 to -12$^{\circ}C$ of minimum average air temperature in January or February. Dry matter(DM) yields of the synthetics were similar to DM 8,238kg per ha of Barmultra in Suwon, but in Yonchun, were more 7 to 13% than DM 7,291kg per ha of Barmultra. Forage qualities, IVDMD, ADF, NDF and TDN of the synthetics were lower than those of Hwasan 101, but higher than those of Barmultra.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2011

This study was carried out to compare botanical characteristics, physicochemical properties related to table quality and feed values and develop a new variety among 12 developed waxy com hybrids. These materials were produced in 2008 and cultivated in 2009 at Com Breeding and Genetics Farm of Coll. of Agri. & Life Sci., Chungnam Nat'l Univ. Botanical characteristics of used waxy com hybrids showed large difference among hybrids; stem height, ear height and ear length. In physical properties, range of kernel sugar content among used hybrids appeared 16.1 to 13.0brix(%). CNU08H-15, CNU08H-35 and CNU08H-h39 among these were highly appeared as 15 above and pericarp thickness of Yeonongchal was very thick as $46.0{\mu}m$, while CNU08H-39 among hybrids showed the thinnest as $23.0{\mu}m$ compared to other hybrids. Protein content as a indicator of table quality was the highest in Ilmichal among hybrids, while that of CNU08H-39 was the lowest, while amylopectin content was the highest as 94.5%, From experimental results, Daehakchal Gold 1, CNU08H-h121 and CNU08H-39 including check Yeonyoungchal were highly evaluated as new hybrid in thinner pericarp, high amylopectin and chewiness.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.172-176
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• 1996

Effect of culture conditions such as pH, temperature, agitation speed and oxygen transfer rate on xylitol production from xylose by Candide parapsilosis ATCC 21019 mutant was investigated in a jar fermentor. The initial concentration of xylosr was fixed at 50 g/l in this experiment. When pH was increased, cell growth and xylose consumption rate were increased, but maximum xylitol production was shown in the range of pH 4.5 and 5.5 with a yield of 0.68 g/g-xylose. The optimal temperature for xylitol production was determined to be $30^{\circ}C$. Considering the importance of dissolved oxygen tension, for xylitol production, the effect of oxygen transfer rate coefficient $(k_La)$ on fermentation parameters was carefully evaluated in the range of $20{\sim}85\;hr{-1}\;of\;k_La$ (corresponding to $100{\sim}300$rpm of agitation speed). The xylitol production was maximized at $30\;hr^{-1}\;of\;k_La$(150 rpm). A higher oxygen transfer rate supported better cell growth with lower xylitol yield. It was determined that maximum xylitol concentration, xylitol yield and productivity was 35.8 g/l, 71.6% and $0.58\;g/l{\sim}hr^{-1}$, respectively, at $30\;hr^{-1}\;of\;k_La$ In order to further increase xylitol productivity, ferementation using the concentrated biomass(20 g/l) was carried out at the conditions of pH 4.5, $30^{\circ}C$ and $30\;hr\;1$ of oxygen transfer rate. The final xylitol concentration of 40 g/l was obtained at 18 hours of culture time. From this result, it was calculated that xylitol yield was 80ft on the basis of xylose consumption and volumetric productivity was $2.22\;g/l{\sim}hr$ which was increased by $3{\sim}4$ fold compared with $0.5{\sim}0.7\;g/l-hr$ obtained in a normal fermentation condition.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

Objective: In the previous study, we complied the differentially expressed genes during early folliculogenesis. Objective of the present study was to identify downstream target genes of transcription factors (TFs) using bioinformatics for selecting the target TFs among the gene lists for further functional analysis. Materials & Methods: By using bioinformatics tools, constituent domains were identified from database searches using Gene Ontology, MGI, and Entrez Gene. Downstream target proteins/genes of each TF were identified from database searches using TF database ($TRANSFAC^{(R)}$ 6.0) and eukaryotic promoter database (EPD). Results: DNA binding and trans-activation domains of all TFs listed previously were identified, and the list of downstream target proteins/genes was obtained from searches of TF database and promoter database. Based on the known function of identified downstream genes and the domains, 3 (HNF4, PPARg, and TBX2) out of 26 TFs were selected for further functional analysis. The genes of wee1-like protein kinase and p21WAF1 (cdk inhibitor) were identified as potential downstream target genes of HNF4 and TBX2, respectively. PPARg, through protein-protein interaction with other protein partners, acts as a transcription regulator of genes of EGFR, p21WAF1, cycD1, p53, and VEGF. Among the selected 3 TFs, further study is in progress for HNF4 and TBX2, since wee1-like protein kinase and cdk inhibitor may involved in regulating maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity during early folliculogenesis. Conclusions: Approach used in the present study, in silico analysis of downstream target genes, was useful for analyzing list of TFs obtained from high-throughput cDNA microarray study. To verify its binding and functions of the selected TFs in early folliculogenesis, EMSA and further relevant characterizations are under investigation.