• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2018

From the 21st century, various high-quality services have come up with the growth of the internet or 'Information and Communication Technologies'. Especially, the scale of E-commerce industry in which Amazon and E-bay are standing out is exploding in a large way. As E-commerce grows, Customers could get what they want to buy easily while comparing various products because more products have been registered at online shopping malls. However, a problem has arisen with the growth of E-commerce. As too many products have been registered, it has become difficult for customers to search what they really need in the flood of products. When customers search for desired products with a generalized keyword, too many products have come out as a result. On the contrary, few products have been searched if customers type in details of products because concrete product-attributes have been registered rarely. In this situation, recognizing texts in images automatically with a machine can be a solution. Because bulk of product details are written in catalogs as image format, most of product information are not searched with text inputs in the current text-based searching system. It means if information in images can be converted to text format, customers can search products with product-details, which make them shop more conveniently. There are various existing OCR(Optical Character Recognition) programs which can recognize texts in images. But existing OCR programs are hard to be applied to catalog because they have problems in recognizing texts in certain circumstances, like texts are not big enough or fonts are not consistent. Therefore, this research suggests the way to recognize keywords in catalog with the Deep Learning algorithm which is state of the art in image-recognition area from 2010s. Single Shot Multibox Detector(SSD), which is a credited model for object-detection performance, can be used with structures re-designed to take into account the difference of text from object. But there is an issue that SSD model needs a lot of labeled-train data to be trained, because of the characteristic of deep learning algorithms, that it should be trained by supervised-learning. To collect data, we can try labelling location and classification information to texts in catalog manually. But if data are collected manually, many problems would come up. Some keywords would be missed because human can make mistakes while labelling train data. And it becomes too time-consuming to collect train data considering the scale of data needed or costly if a lot of workers are hired to shorten the time. Furthermore, if some specific keywords are needed to be trained, searching images that have the words would be difficult, as well. To solve the data issue, this research developed a program which create train data automatically. This program can make images which have various keywords and pictures like catalog and save location-information of keywords at the same time. With this program, not only data can be collected efficiently, but also the performance of SSD model becomes better. The SSD model recorded 81.99% of recognition rate with 20,000 data created by the program. Moreover, this research had an efficiency test of SSD model according to data differences to analyze what feature of data exert influence upon the performance of recognizing texts in images. As a result, it is figured out that the number of labeled keywords, the addition of overlapped keyword label, the existence of keywords that is not labeled, the spaces among keywords and the differences of background images are related to the performance of SSD model. This test can lead performance improvement of SSD model or other text-recognizing machine based on deep learning algorithm with high-quality data. SSD model which is re-designed to recognize texts in images and the program developed for creating train data are expected to contribute to improvement of searching system in E-commerce. Suppliers can put less time to register keywords for products and customers can search products with product-details which is written on the catalog.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 1992

This study was done to investigate how importantly midwives thought of Lamaze Method of Childbirth, how satisfactorily they performed their Lamaze Method of Childbirth and what inhibited their activities from being performed if not done satisfactorily. The subjects of this study were 76midwives at midwifery in Pusan, Deagu, Kyungnam and Kyungbok. Data were collected by using questionaire from Sep. 1 to Sep.30, 1991. The measurement tools was maded by the researcher based on Kim's scale for prenatal nursing activities. The statistical analysis was done with based statistical values likes frequencies, means, standard deviations and advanced methods such as Pearson's correlation coefficient, 1-test, F-test, F-test by using SPSS package program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows ; 1. The results of Investigating perception according to importance degree and performance degree of Lamaze Method of Childbring showed that midwives were slightly below both perception according to importance(2.17) and performance(2.16) of Lamaze Method of Childbirth 2. Inhibiting factors of Lamaze Method of Childbirth were abscence of husband(3.08), lack of teaching room(2.71), and lack of books or literature of Lamaze Method (2.58). 3. There appears to be a positive relation between perception according to importance degree and performance degree of Lamaze Method of Childbirth (r=0.69, P<0.01). There appears to be a negative relation between perception according to importance degree and inhibit factors of performance (r=-0.38, P<0.01). There appears to be a negative relation between performance and inhibit factors of performance (r=-0.22. P<0.01). 4. The item of highest perception defree in prenatal education is 1st, Consultation about sexual life (2.53), End, illustration of the importance of a bath and perinal cleanliness and Avoidance of excessive respiration method and also its comfortable application during uterine contractility(2.45). The item of lowest perception degree is about pregnant symptom sign and predicted date of birth (E.D.C.). On the other hand, The item of highest performance degree is education about nurtrition during pregnacy. 2nd, Illustration of the Importance of a bath and perineal cleanness(2.45). The lowest one is leaching the pregnant woman and her family about the role of husband and her family and also teaching the couple to learn exercise and respiration method (1.84). Though importance perception degree and performance degree is low. Midwives who wert subject in this research shoves that they perform general items concerning prenatal education well. 5. In the relationship between perception according to importance degree of Lamaze Method of Childbirth and the general characteristics of subjects, the differences in mean number of visiting pregnacies for 1 month. 6. In the relationship between performance degree of Lamaze Method of Childbirth and the general characteristics of subjects, the differences in age, marriage, and mean number of visiting pregnancies for 1 month. With the above information we see the importance of midwife prenatal care education and high correlation between performance degree and perception degree. When Lamaze prenatal education is well performed the number of pregnant woman who have follow-up, check-ups increase. Therefore in this research we can validity that there is a relation between Lamaze prenatal education and patient follow-up. This research showes in a situation where if one does not maximally perform a prenatal education there is a possibility that the popular use of midwife activities may encounter obstacles so the education to save new knowledge and training for prenatal education is needed as a function of Lamaze prenatal education, when a special Lamaze education is well performed for the pregnant woman, who follows-up at amidwife clinic. With the above conclusion we can suggest : 1. Continued research which minimized obstacles to Lamaze prenatal education is needed. 2. The official method of midwives is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2008

In this study, surveys and interviews are used to evaluate technological competitiveness of each product with respect to that of foreign leading firms, for seven leading domestic construction products which have been determined to have competitive edge in offshore markets, Such evaluation provides a more in depth study than previously conducted research, and is meaningful in that corporate level, rather than industry level, perspective is projected. Major findings of such evaluations are the following. First, as expected, it has been evaluated that domestic technological competitiveness in desalination plant and power plant has reached the point where it can compete with foreign leading firms. Moreover, a noteworthy result of the evaluation is that development program sector, including urban development of satellite cities, has reached considerable level of competitiveness in offshore market. In the case of the development market, domestic firms have accumulated sufficient experience in domestic market and engineering technology is not a decisive factor as in plant sector, and these factors lead to such an evaluation. Second, in the cases of gas, oil refinery and petro-chemical plants, domestic products' technological competitiveness that can contest in offshore market is still centered around production and construction. On the other hand, there are still weaknesses in license technology and basic design capabilities, which constitute the "value added" area. Third, skyscrapers, a promising product in offshore construction market and a product group which domestic firms have much performance record and projects in progress both in domestic and offshore markets, are considered. While direct comparison between skyscrapers and plant sector is not feasible, with the exception of production and construction, overall domestic capability in this sector has been assessed to be the lowest amongst those products that were surveyed. Fourth, it has been indicated that competitiveness is relatively higher in common technology than in key technology. In project management capability, it has been assessed that there are weaknesses in procedure document area. Also, a characteristic is the point that low overall assessments have been given across all product groups for corporate and management areas, not technological areas. Especially, financing, contracting/claim, risk management and investment on research and development received low evaluations. Fifth, it has been assessed that overall corporate and governmental supports are weak. This result is especially evident for corporate management and support areas across all product groups surveyed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.964-969
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• 2012

Genistein, a predominant isoflavone, has been shown to inhibit the growth of various cancer cells in vitro and in vivo without toxicity to normal cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of genistein on the activity and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Our findings showed that MMP-9 and -2 activation was significantly increased in response to 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). However, the increased activities of MMP-9 and -2 in TPA-treated cells were concentration-dependently inhibited by treatment with genistein, and this was also correlated with a decrease in the expression of their mRNA and proteins. In addition, a matrigel invasion assay showed that genistein reduced TPA-induced invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Although further in vivo studies are needed, these results suggest that genistein treatment may inhibit tumor cell invasion and, therefore, act as a dietary source to decrease the risk of cancer metastasis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.681-695
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• 1995

It has been noted that a genetic alteration of cells influenced by unhealthy lifestyle In addition to a series of other carcinogens increases various neoplasmic diseases. Therefore the importance of lifestyle that minimizes such impact on health should be emphasized. Since stomach cancer, the most common neoplasmic disease in Korea, is re-lated to the Korean lifestyle and as there's a possibility of its recurrence, people with stomach cancer need to lead a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for nursing intervention strategies to promote health promoting behaviors that are constructive to a healthy lifestyle. A multivariate model was constructed based on the fender's health promotion model and Booker's health belief model by including influential factors such as hope. The sample was composed of 164 patients with stomach cancer who visited outpatient clinics of a university hospital in Seoul. The following instruments were used in the study after some adaptation : Wallston and others' multidimensional health locus of control scale Laffrey's health conception scale, Lawston and others' health self- rating scale, Walker and others' health promotion lifestyle profile and Rogenberg's self esteem scale. In addition Moon's health belief scale was used with some modification. For self efficacy, the present author constructed a self-efficacy scale based on previous research. The above mentioned instruments were tested in a pilot study with 24 patients with stomach cancer. The reliabilities of instruments were tested with Cronbach's alpha(0.574∼0.949). Data were analyzed using a SAS program (or Pearson correlation coefficients, descriptive correlational statistics and stepwise multiple regression. The results are as follows : 1. The scores on the health promoting behavior scale ranged from 55 to 145 with a mean of 107.91 (S. D : 16.50). The mean scores(range 1-4) on the different dimensions were nutrition 3.14, exercise 2.48, stress management 2.69, health responsibility 2.65, interpersonal relationship 2.878E self actualization 2.85. 2. There were significant correlations among all the predictive variables & the health promoting behavior (r=.20-.55, p〈.01) 3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that : 1) Hope was the main predictor and accounted for 29.8％ of the total variance. 2) Self efficacy, perceived barriers & self esteem accounted for an additional 14.6% of the total variance. 3) Hope, self efficacy, perceived barriers & self esteem altogether accounted for 44.3％ of the total variance. In conclusion, hope, self efficacy, perceived barriers & self esteem were identified as important variables that contributed to promote health promoting behavior.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.193-208
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• 2015

In knowledge based society, information technology (IT) has been playing a key role in economic growth. In recent years, it is surprisingly notable that the source of value creation moved from hardware to software in IT industry. Especially, among many kinds of software products, the economic potential of open source was realized by many government agencies. Open source means software codes made by voluntary and open participation of worldwide IT developers, and many policies to promote open source activities were implemented for the purpose of fast growth in IT industry. But in many cases, especially in Korea, the policies promoting open source industry and its ecosystem were not considered successful. Therefore, this study provides the practical reasons for the low performance of Korean open source industry and suggests the pragmatic requisites for effective open source policy. For this purpose, this study applies soft system model (SSM) which is frequently used in academy and industry as a methodology for problem-solving and we link the problems with corresponding policy solutions based on SSM. Given concerns which Korean open source faces now, this study suggests needs for the three different kinds of government policies promoting multiple dimensions of industry: research and development (R&D)-side, supply-side, and computing environment-side. The implications suggested by this research will contribute to implement the practical policy solutions to boost open source industry in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.669-676
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• 2009

Purpose : Anterior region is crucial area for esthetic implant restoration. However, the alveolar process undergoes atrophy after removal of teeth and creates unfavorable situation for implant installation. The knowledge of the thickness of alveolar bone is required to estimate and expect the bone resorption after extraction. The aim of this study is to measure facial, palatal and faciopalatal bone thickness on maxillary anterior teeth. Methods : Facial, palatal, and faciopalatal bone thickness were measured on the computed tomography (CT) images from 57 patients, using an image analyzer program (Ondemand$3D^{(R)}$, Cybermed, Seoul, Korea). Results : The thickness of facial bone in incisors, lateral incisors and canines were less than 1 mm. The thickness of facial bone increased from anterior to posterior region and the thickness of palatal bone increased from posterior to anterior region. Conclusion : The measurement can be used for planning implant surgery before extraction. CT has are clinically useful in the evaluation of thickness of alveolar bone.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

본 연구는 지속 가능한 친환경 축산업의 직접지불제를 도입하는데 농가이행 프로그램 개발과 시범사업의 효과를 분석하기 위하여 전국단위 4대 축종(한우, 젖소, 돼지, 닭)에 대한 2003년도에는 프로그램 개발과 2004년$\sim$2005년(2년간) 시범사업 시행 효과를 분석하기 위하여 각 시 군에 참여한 농가의 현황과 담당 공무원 및 농가에 대한 의향조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 기본프로그램(2003년)으로 소(한육우 젖소)는 조사료포 확보 및 분뇨 경지환원, 돼지 닭(산란계 육계)는 사육밀도 완화 및 분뇨발생량 감축을 위하여 발생되는 경지확보 비용 그리고 사육밀도 완화에 따른 감소두수의 소득감소분을 농가부담 50%로 설정하였다. 인센티브 프로그램으로 축사 및 분뇨처리시설 주변에 악취, 조경 등 환경개선을 위하여 조경수를 구입 식재하면 비용의 50%를 직불하도록 하였다. 2. 시범사업 참여실적은 2004년에 459호에 비하여 2005년에 653호로 42.3% 증가하였으며 참여비율은 한우 24.4%, 젖소 17.4%, 돼지 40.2%, 닭 18.0% 이었으며 친환경축산 직불금 지급액 비율 한우 16.1%, 젖소 22.0%, 돼지 46.4%, 닭 15.5% 이었으며 농가당 지급액은 한우 3,987천원, 젖소 7,627천원, 돼지 6,965천원, 닭 5,212천원이었고, 인센티브(조경수 식재) 참여는 전체농가 중 20.4%, 호당지급액 1,303천원(4.6%) 이었다. 3. 조사료포 확보 실적은 한우 $1,303m^2$/두('04)에 비하여 $1,639m^2$/두('05)로 26% 증가하였고, 젖소 $1,517m^2$/두('04)에 비하여 $1,561m^2$/두('05)로 3% 증가하였다. 4. 돼지 닭의 사육밀도는 돼지 $1.14m^2$/두('04)에 비하여 $1.27m^2$/두('05)로 11% 넓어졌으며 산란계는 $0.059m^2$/수('04)에 비하여 $0.083m^2$/수('05)로 41% 넓어졌고 육계는 $0.078m^2$/수('04)에 비하여 $0.069m^2$/수('05)로 12% 좁아졌다. 5. 축산환경개선사업에 대한 설문조사 결과 환경개선제 사용이 악취 및 파리 감소에 효과가 크며 지원사업을 계속해야 한다고 답하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.89-100
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• 2018

The precedent study stage of defense programs is a project stage that is conducted to support the determination of an efficient acquisition method of the weapon system determined by the requirement. In this study, the FTA/FMEA technique was used in the safety analysis process to identify elements to be conducted in the precedent study stage and a methodology for deriving the key review elements through conceptualization and tailoring was suggested. To supplement the key elements derived from the existing research, it is necessary to analyze various events that may arise from key elements. To accomplish this, the HAZOP technique for safety analysis in other industrial fields was used to supplement the results of kdy element derivation. We analyzed and modeled the execution procedure by establishing input/output information and association with the key elements of the precedent study stage derived by linking HAZOP/FTA/FMEA techniques. In addition, performance maturity was evaluated for performance of precedent study, and a risk-based response manual was generated based on inter-working information with key elements with low maturity. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to meet the performance, cost, and schedule of the project implementation through application of the key elements and procedures and the risk management response manual in the precedent study stage of the defense program.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2012

A long-term R&D program for HLW disposal technology development was launched in 1997 in Korea and Korea Reference disposal System(KRS) for spent fuels had been developed. After then, a recycling process for PWR spent fuels to get the reusable material such as uranium or TRU and to reduce the volume of radioactive waste, called Pyro-process, is being developed. This Pyro-process produces several kinds of wastes including metal waste and ceramic waste. In this study, the characteristics of the waste from Pyro-process and the concepts of a disposal container for the wastes were described. Based on these concepts, thermal analyses were carried out to determine a layout of the disposal area of the ceramic wastes which was classified as a high level waste and to develop the disposal system called A-KRS. The location of the final repository for A-KRS is not determined yet, thus to review the potential repository domains, the possible layout in the geological characteristics of KURT facility site was proposed. These results will be used in developing a repository system design and in performing the safety assessment.