• Title/Summary/Keyword: R&D Outsourcing Ratio

Search Result 8, Processing Time 0.027 seconds

Determinants of Korean Firms' R&D Outsourcing (한국 기업의 연구개발 외주활동 결정요인 분석)

  • Lim, Hyo-Jeong;Lee, Won-Young
    • Journal of Technology Innovation
    • /
    • v.17 no.1
    • /
    • pp.179-204
    • /
    • 2009
  • This paper aims to analyze the relationship between R&D outsourcing ratio (external R&D expenditures out of total R&D expenditures) and firm characteristics. Four hypotheses are tested using firm-level data with Tobit regression method. The major findings of this paper are as follows. First, firms with high technological capabilities, which are measured by R&D expenditures per sale and the number of patents per employee, rely more on R&D outsourcing. Nonetheless, firms that own R&D centers tend to rely less on external outsourcing of R&D. Second, firms with high managerial innovation capabilities, which is measured by the introduction of IT solutions, show higher R&D outsourcing ratio. Third, bigger firms are likely to spend more in external R&D than in internal R&D. This paper also discusses implications on R&D policy of Korea.

  • PDF

R&D Service Industry Innovation Plan to Improve R&D Productivity and Vitalize Technology Innovation Ecosystem (R&D 생산성 제고와 기술 혁신 생태계 활성화를 위한 연구 서비스산업 혁신 방안)

  • Pyoung Yol Jang
    • Journal of Service Research and Studies
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.144-158
    • /
    • 2023
  • R&D (Research and Development) investment by companies and the government continues to increase, and the total R&D expenditure of public and private sectors in 2021 reached KRW 102 trillion, and the ratio of R&D investment to GDP was 4.96%. It ranks second in the world after Israel. This study analyzes the current status of the domestic R&D service industry and the research and development (R&D) innovation ecosystem based on the business activity survey data of the National Statistical Office in terms of improving R&D productivity of domestic R&D investment that has exceeded 100 trillion won, and analyzes the global R&D service industry and analyzes the global research service industry and R&D service Industry support government policy As a result of the analysis, in the domestic R&D ecosystem, the R&D outsourcing demand of service companies is rapidly increasing, compared to the stagnant R&D outsourcing demand of traditional manufacturing companies. In order to respond to these changing demands for technological innovation, this study suggests balanced support for R&D outsourcing for manufacturing and service companies, expansion of domestic R&D outsourcing, establishment of R&D outsourcing strategies specialized for the service industry, establishment of an open R&D ecosystem, and innovation in connection with materials/parts/equipment strategies.

Efficiency Analysis for R&D Management according to Operation Type of Funding Agencies (연구관리전문기관의 사업형태에 따른 국가R&D 사업관리 효율성 분석)

  • Lee, Sang-hyuk;Kim, Yun Bae
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
    • /
    • v.21 no.4
    • /
    • pp.1345-1365
    • /
    • 2018
  • Following principal-agent relationship between government and funding agency effects on efficiency and management of project, this paper suppose that project management cost rate variable on outsourcing and administration of institution, applies multiple regression analysis and logit analysis by using factors that procurement status of institutional operating expenses and each subordinates scale (Budget, subject number) and method (Top-down/Bottom-up), not a total amount, for examining factors following project efficiency analysis and way of commission. The major variables which effect on efficiency of institution are management cost scale (0.36), institutional operating expenses ratio (-0.47), way of outsourcing, the factors that affect way of outsourcing are portion of project management cost (-38.5) and institutional operating expenses rate (-11.7). This means both legal and financial stability are necessary and it is avoidable moral hazard and adverse selection on principal-agent problem.

Determinants of Employment of Regular Workers by Industrial Type: Focused on Outsourcing (산업유형별 상용직 고용 결정요인 - 외주(Outsourcing)를 중심으로)

  • Moon, Young-man;Kim, Jang-ho
    • Korean Journal of Labor Studies
    • /
    • v.24 no.2
    • /
    • pp.293-319
    • /
    • 2018
  • This study analyzed the determinants of employment for the regular workers in the industrial type, and the results are as follows. First, 73.2% of companies use outsourcing as of 2015, and manufacturing (83.7%) is 20% p higher than non-manufacturing (63.7%). Over the past 10 years, the rate of outsourcing increased by 88.7% in manufacturing and 44.2% in non-manufacturing. Second, as a result of estimating the determinants of employment for regular workers, the variables of labor income distribution, operating profit, sales, R & D expenditure, foreign capital ratio significantly increase the employment of regular workers, while outsourcing, capital intensity, Were estimated to significantly reduce employment. Third, as a result of subdivision of industrial type and estimation of the effect of outsourcing on employment, it decreased employment of regular workers in all types. The size of influence was the biggest decrease in 'basic material type' in manufacturing industry and 'distribution service type' in non - manufacturing industry.

The Effect of R&D on High-Tech Product Export Competitiveness: Empirical Evidence from Panel Data of East Asian Economies

  • Alemu, Aye Mengistu
    • STI Policy Review
    • /
    • v.3 no.1
    • /
    • pp.46-62
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study investigates the effects of the two most important indicators of a nation's state of scientific infrastructure: R&D investment and the number of R&D researchers engaged in high-tech product export competitiveness for a panel of 11 countries/economies from East Asia from 1994 to 2010. A GMM panel estimation method was employed to account for the dynamic effect of trade and to control for un-observed country specific effects that may arise due to an inter-country differences and intra-country dynamics. Accordingly, the empirical results reveal that (once controlled for the influence of per capita income) physical capital and infrastructure, a 1% increase in a country's expenditure on the ratio of R&D to GDP may increase high-tech product export performance by approximately $397 million per year. Other factors constant, a 1% increase in the number of R&D researchers is expected to increase the ability to export high-tech products by approximately $67 million. The East Asian development experience demonstrates how latecomers can follow systematic industrialization and join the handful of economies that have come a long way toward closing the knowledge gap with the global technological leaders. However, this does not mean that the policy approaches and overall commitments pursued by each East Asian economy in relation to R&D investment and acquisition of an adequate pool of researchers, and their ultimate achievements in high-tech product export competitiveness were uniform. As a result, there is still a significant variation among countries/economies in terms of performance. This study recommended a number of potential tools and policy instruments that may assist policy makers to foster R&D as an engine to enhance the high-tech product export competitiveness.

The Determinants of Industrial Labor Income Shares for Korea (산업별 노동소득분배율의 결정요인)

  • Jeon, Su Min;Joo, Sangyong
    • 사회경제평론
    • /
    • v.31 no.2
    • /
    • pp.39-69
    • /
    • 2018
  • We measured industrial labor income shares and investigated their determinants. Excluding industries where non-wage earners are not countable, we constructed 22 industry labor income shares from 1993 to 2015. Even though labor income shares in manufacturing industries declined more than in service industries, the economy-wide decline was not driven by structural changes but by within-industry effects. We found that rise in capital-labor ratio, R&D intensity, export dependence, and irregular job ratio contributed to the fall in labor income shares. When we examined manufacturing industries separately, overall results were about the same. But in that case we had additional findings that the rise in import dependence and outsourcing ratio lowered labor's shares, while minimum wage increases raised them.

Determinants of the Share of Labor Income among Primary Firms and Subcontractors (원·하청기업의 노동소득분배율 결정요인)

  • Moon, Young-Man;Kim, Jong-Ho
    • 사회경제평론
    • /
    • v.31 no.3
    • /
    • pp.239-270
    • /
    • 2018
  • This study empirically analyzed the labor income share of primary and subcontractors. The results are as follows. First, panel regression analysis showed that the variables of transaction concentration, outsourcing cost, capital intensity, and market share had a significant negative effect, while union organization rate and R & D investment had positive effects. In particular, the R & D variable had a negative effect on the share of labor income in the year of investment (t), but had a positive impact on the long-term (t-1, t-2). Second, the share of labor income during the last 11 years (2006~2016) was higher in subcontractors with lower wage levels. This analysis implies that the wage inequality between the primary and subcontracting enterprises can not be eliminated without improving the solvency of subcontractors.

Marketing strategy and the current status of Global SPA Brands

  • Kim, Mi-Kyung
    • Journal of Fashion Business
    • /
    • v.14 no.3
    • /
    • pp.35-51
    • /
    • 2010
  • This study aims at providing data for establishing a marketing strategy which can enhance the competitiveness of Korea domestic SPA(Specialty Store Retailer of Private Label Apparel) Brands by suggesting countermeasure strategy through the observation and analysis for SPA Brands, under the current circumstance in which the systematic and scholastic discussion for the matter, is lack, despite the diastrophism in fashion industry is prospected according to the rapid growth of Global SPA Brands. For this purpose, the characteristic and current status of Global SPA Brands is examined, and the main cause of growth is analyzed by approaching to their marketing characteristic, in this study. In relation with this situation, this study suggests the provisions as below, which are drawn from the analysis on Global SPA Brands' marketing strategy, so that Korea domestic SPA Brands could achieve successive performance under fierce competition. First, to be a competitive SPA Brands a business should be able to supply products with frequent product turnover by an interval level of one week or so, the existent product planning by seasons, as a business obtains various swift informations on consumers' demand with R&D center foundation. Secondly, SPA Brands should establish a strategy that a business can create high net profit by inventory management which enables lowering inventory ratio remarkably, and a strategy for innovative product supply by small quantity batch production, along with founding a high technological logistics system. Third, SPA Brands should establish a strategy for primary cost reduction by overseas dispersed outsourcing in order to enable diverse product development and rational price setting. Fourth, fashion marketers should establish also a strategy for communication by which brand image can be delivered effectively, by firming the brand identity and by informing product characteristic and customer service totally, with the method of VMD and flagship store. Additionary, fashion marketers also should establish a strategy by developing mobile application which can provide brand image and diverse other fashion related information.