• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to survey the high school students' concern levels on decision-making problems based on biology, This study is a exploratory research to develop teaching strategies and curriculum of the common science for the enhancement of the students' decision-making ability in problems involved biological knowledges. The survey subjects were 101 first graders of the high school in Seoul area. The survey instrument developed was 5-point scale of Likert type consisted of 24 question items. The survey results showed that the concern level on selection of method for learning was the highest. The concern levels on selection of method for sports or diet which are the individual faced problems were high, and concern levels on the problems social issued such as decisions about standard for noise, pros and cons of approval for brain death or artificial abortion were high, too. The students' concern levels on problems individual context were significantly higher than concern levels on problems social context (p<0.01). The males' concern levels were higher than females' on 'AIDS', 'incinerator for rubbish', 'atomic power plant', 'protection policy for decreasing species', 'standard for noise' (p<0.05), And the males' concern levels were higher than females' on domain of 'ecosystem and environment pollution'. But the females had higher concern levels than males on 'diet' and 'surrogate mother' (p<0.05). The analyzed results were discussed in respects of implication for teaching strategies and curriculum.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.44-53
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• 2015

This study is a survey research to improve the fire-fighting ambulance interior design safer and more efficient to identify the type of structure and functional problems 119 ambulance. When the paramedics and four degrees to over 755 people modify the target report and related literature on the future development of an ambulance for patient safety at the 2007 British National Patients Safety Agency (NPSA) and was used as a complementary tool. General characteristics questionnaire was composed of items for your design improvements for ambulance promote safety and efficiency. The data were collected by distributing a questionnaire e-mail or in person. The collected data were processed using the SPSS 20.0 statistical program, the general characteristics as frequency analysis, percentage, ambulance interior design improvement-related items were analyzed using the chi-square verified. As a result, this research elicited that vans converted fire ambulance cars have a problem with the narrow interior space and truck converted fire ambulance cars should be comfortable to drive in ride quality. In addition, we also found that the improvement of paramedics treatment position and the paramedic's personnel safety belt are required. Based on these results, we propose that a number of improvements are needed in the fire-fighting ambulance car.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.50-59
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• 2015

This study aimed at suggesting Willingness To Pay (WTP) for introduction of the Traffic Accident emergency Call (TAC) system by using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) which is a general valuation method. As the method, this study suggested a WTP estimation method of the TAC system with the double-bound dichotomous choice model. In previous studies, the data are processed differently according to the type of questions and analysis models used for the calculation of willingness to pay. Therefore, we re-organized the model by the cases using the truncated data sets, and showed the difference in WTPs. The dataset was developed by more than 500 questionnaire obtained from online and offline survey with the consideration of composition ratio by age group referring housing census in 2010 to mitigate regional bias of samples. At last, this study applied various statistical methods, survival analysis, multiple regression, and Tobit model for better interpretation of the questionnaires.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.18
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• pp.269-303
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• 2002

This article presents a historical account of media role in the transition and consolidation period of democracy. Despite the assumption that media plays a important role in the construction of democracy, it is less clear how the media can affect the process of political change itself. This article seeks to answer some of these question, based on the Mill's macro-social comparative 'method of difference' of Korea and Spain. It is widely agreed that both states achieve democracy through transaction from above(pacts). Media role, however, differs significantly in accordance with authoritarian legacies and civic representativeness of the pacts. Whereas Korean dailies is deepening given market oligopoly and prior practices after democratization, Spain dailies market entirely changed in both structural and spiritual respects. As a result, Korean dailies substantially lacks in civic representativeness as before, contrary to Spain. Spain television settled a sort of the external pluralism. Korean television is pursuing the BBC type of internal pluralism. In Korea, television is more commercial than Spain. Consequently, Spain media serve the consolidation of democracy more than Korea on the whole.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to identify the mothers educational needs when they have children who have had open heart surgery in congenital heart disease, to identify the children's characteristics with this problem, and also to provide the basic information on the development of the educational program for the mothers. The subjects of the study were 101 mothers of children and their children hospitalized with congenital heart disease in pediatric wards of G. University Hospital in Inchon and S. Hospital in Puch on from June to November 2000. The study used a Likert-type questionnaire with 39 questions which was based on a previous questionnaire developed by Lee Mi-ryun(1989) for adult open heart surgery patients. The reliability of the questionnaire was Cronbach' ${\alpha}$=.9375. The data were collected directly from mothers of the patients in wards. The t-test, ANOVA was adopted for the data analysis. The key results of the study are as follows : 1) The average age of the children was 32.90 months. The majority of the children are male and weighted 3.0-3.5Kg at birth. Most of the children had VSD(29.7%), and 10.9% of children had a family history of heart disease. 2) An average score of 4.62 out of a maximum of 5.00 was recorded for the educational needs of the children's mother. The highest score of 4.69 was for home care after discharge followed by a score of 4.67 for diagnosis and prognosis on congenital heart disease. And pre-post operation care scored 4.51. The mean scores of single-question items of educational need were, in order, 4.81 for immunization after operation, 4.80 for recovery process, and 4.77 for prognosis of the disease. The score of 4.18 for measurement of intake and output was the lowest. 3) The analysis on the children's mothers educational needs by social-demographic characteristics such as sex, age of patient and mother, economical status, educational status, number of child, hospitalization times, and hospitalization cause showed no significant difference statistically, but there was a significant difference between mothers with jobs and with out jobs.

• Proceedings of the International Union of Geodesy And Geophysics Korea Journal of Geophysical Research Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2003

In the summers of 1997 and 1998 and in February of 2000 we made 570 measurements of the ambient geomagnetic field 120 cm above the pavement surface of State Route 130, south of Pahoa, the island of Hawaii using a three-component fluxgate magnetometer. We measured at every 15.2 m (50 feet) interval covering a distance of 6, 310 m (20, 704 ft) where both historic and pre-historic highly magnetic basalt flows underlie. We also collected 197 core samples from eight road cuts, 489 specimens of which were subject to AF demagnetizations at 5 - 10 mT level up to a maximum field of 60 mT. We observed significant inclination anomalies ranging from a minimum of $31^{\circ}$ to a maximum $40^{\circ}$ where a uniform inclination value of $36.7^{\circ}$ (International Geomagnetic Reference Field, IGRF) was expected. Since the mean of the observed inclinations is approximately $35^{\circ}$ we assume that the study area is slightly affected by the magnetic terrain effect to a systematically shallower inclinations for being located in the regionally sloping surface of the southern side of the island (Baag, et al., 1995). We observed inclination anomalies showing wider (spacial) wavelength (160 - 600 m) and higher amplitudes in the historic lava flows area than in the northern pre-historic flows. Our observations imply that preexisting inclination anomalies such as those that we observed would have been interpreted as paleosecular variation (PSV). These inclination anomalies can best be attributed to concealed underground highly magnetic dikes, channel type lava flows, on-and-off hydrothermal activities through fissure-like openings, etc. Both the within- and between-site dispersions of natural remanent magnetization (NRM) are largest (up to ${\pm}7^{\circ}$) above the flows of 1955, while the area of pre-historic flows in the northern part of the study area exhibit the smallest dispersion. Nevertheless, mean inclinations of each historic flow of 1955 and 1790 are almost identical to that of the corresponding present field, whereas mean of NRM (after AF demagnetization) inclinations for each of the four pre-historic lava flow units is twelve to thirteen degrees lower than the present field inclination. We observed three cases of very large inclination variations from within a single flow, the best fitting curves of which are linear, second and third order polynomials each from within a single flow, whereas no present field variations are observed. This phenomena can be attributed to the notion that local magnetic anomalies on the surface of an active volcano are not permanent, but are transient. Therefore we believe that local magnetic anomalies of an active volcano may be constantly modified due to on going subsurface injections and circulations of hot material and also due to wide spacial and temporal distribution of highly magnetic basaltic flows that will constantly modify the topography which will in turn modify the local ambient geomagnetic field (Baag, et al., 1995). Our observations bring into question the general reliability of PSV data inferred from volcanic rocks, because on-going various geologic and geophysical activities associated with active volcano would continuously deflect and modify the ambient geomagnetic field.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.242-265
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• 1999

Our study attempt is to see organizational performance according to the differences between types of hospital cultures. To determine theoretical relationship between the organizational culture and the performance, we select two hospitals in Pusan which are different in the purposes and shapes of establishment. We surveyed their members on a questionnaire based on the type of the organizational culture of the two institutions, analyzed, and review its organizational effectiveness. For the survey with questionnaires, which had been preliminary studied to raise its validity, question forms were distributed to 528 persons in April, 1999 based on the self-responses and recollected within 48 hours. The recollection rate was high(89.96%) and the quantity of questionnaires used for our final analysis was 430(81.44%). The Cronbach Coefficient Alpha of the questionnaires was 0.742. Regarding statistical techniques for analysis of the written materials, dispersion analysis(ANOVA) was adapted to test the organizational effectiveness of the two hospitals having the different organizational cultures, and Pearson Correlation was applied to determine correlations was among all variables. T-test was performed to test organizational effectiveness based on the differences in the extent of sharing the culture, organizational committment and work satisfaction between the two health institutions. From our analysis, we obtain the following conclusions. First, concerning with organizational culture of the two hospital, one of which is a christian hospital and the other is a private foundation hospital, the former is conservative and human-oriented but the latter focuses on renovation and accomplishment. Second, the private establishment has a relatively higher organizational effectiveness that the religious hospital as a result of analyzing the extent of sharing culture, organizational committment and work satisfaction. Third, it has been found that the correlations between the extent of the sharing culture and the organizational committment, the extent and work satisfaction, and the committment and the satisfaction are respectively positive influencing organizational effectiveness, especially work satisfaction. Fourth, cultural factors by which the christian hospital is affected more positively including human relations among its members, belief, its idea of establishment, tradition, work responsibility, power, and wage. On the other hand, factors such as director's leadership, personnel management, wage, hospital regulations and department managers' management ability have been seen as negative influences in order. And fifth, for the private foundation hospital human relations among its members, wages, work responsibility, director's leadership and department managers' management ability were positive in their sequence while wages, personnel management, hospital regulations, welfare and department managers' management ability were considered as negative influences in order. As these results of this study, the higher extent of sharing organizational culture, the more increasing in both organization committment and work satisfaction, the higher the effectiveness. Although it was somewhat difficult to generalize the results whose subjects were the two hospitals only, it was obvious that organizational culture was an important influential factor of organizational effectiveness. It is questionable that the extent of sharing organizational culture, organizational committment and work satisfaction as variables affecting the effectiveness have their validity, but this study has its significance in that it provided an approaching to evaluate the organizational culture of individual hospitals making allowances for such variables related to the general activities in its hospital. We hope the results of the study could be useful for the managerial strategies of the institutions.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.331-344
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• 1990

What makes glucose transport function sensitive to insulin in one cell type such as adipocyte, and insensitive in another such as liver cells is unresolved question at this time. Recently it is known that insulin stimulates glucose transport in adipocytes largely by redistributing transporter from the storage pool that is included in a low density microsomal fraction to plasma membrane. Therefore, insulin sensitivity may depend upon the relative distribution of gluscose transporters between the plasma membrane and in an intracellular storage compartment. In hepatocytes, the subcellular distribution of glucose transporter is less well documented. It is thus possible that the apparent insensitivity of the hepatocyte system could be either due to lack of the constitutively maintained, intracellular storage pool of glucose transporter or lack of insulin-mediated transporter translocation mechanism in this cell. In this study, I examined if any intracellular glucose transporter pool exists in hepatocytes and this pool is affected by insulin. The results obtained summarized as followings: 1) Distribution of subcellular fractions of hepatocyte showed that there are $24.9{\pm}1.3%$ of plasma membrane, $36.9{\pm}1.7%$ of nucleus-mitochondria enriched fraction, $23.5{\pm}1.2%$ of lysosomal fraction, $9.6{\pm}1.0%$ of high density microsomal fraction and $4.9{\pm}0.5%$ of low density microsomal fraction. 2) In adipocyte, there were $29.9{\pm}2.6%$ of plasma membrane, $19.4{\pm}1.9%$ of nucleus-mitochondria enriched fraction, $26.7{\pm}1.8%$ of high density microsomal fraction and $23.9{\pm}2.1%$ of low density microsomal fraction. 3) Surface labelling of sodium borohydride revealed that plasma membrane contaminated to lysosomal fraction by $26.8{\pm}2.8%$, high density microsomal fraction by $8.3{\pm}1.3%$ and low density microsomal fraction by $1.7{\pm}0.4%$ respectively. 4) Cytochalasin B bound to all of subcellular fractions with a Kd of $1.0{\times}10^{-6}M$. 5) Photolabelling of cytochalasin B to subcellular fractions occurred on 45 K dalton protein band, a putative glucose transporter and D-glucose inhibited the photolabelling. 6) Insulin didn't affect on the distribution of subcellular fractions and translocation of intracellular glucose transporters of hepatocytes. 7) HEGT reconstituted into hepatocytes was largely associated with plasma membrane and very little was found in low density microsomal fraction which equals to the native glucose transporter distribution. Insulin didn't affect on the distribution of exogeneous glucose transporter in hepatocytes. From the above results it is concluded that insulin insensitivity of hepatocyte may due to lack of intracellular storage pool of glucose transporter and thus intracellular storage pool of glucose transporter is an essential feature of the insulin action.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1732-1741
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• 2006

Obesity is chronic disease which influenced on health severly. The causes of obesity have been known as life change, lack of excercise, genetic factor, mental and social economic factors. Especially the obesity of women increased the risk of the diseases such as DM, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and infertility. The limitations of the widely used negative definition of health as the absence of disease and WHO's 1946 definition of health as total social, psychological and physical well-being have long been recognized (WHO 1958). The Quality of Life (QoL) includes functional ability, the degree and quality of social and community interaction, psychological well-being as somatic sensation and life satisfaction. I investigated to compare the differences between obese women (n=63), non-obese women (n=37) in clinic and general women (n=43, control) on baseline characteristics and WHO QoL-BREF. The purpose of this study is to assist the diagnosis and treatment of obesity. WHO QoL-BREF is self administered type which consisted of 26 questions. The prospective question is calculated with 5 scores by Likert's method. The results are as follows : The means of physical, psychological, social, overall and total scores of QoL were significant among BMI group (P<0.05). The score of control group (BMI < 25) was higher than other groups significantly (P<0.05). In multiple regression analysis, the variable of high school/below middle school was significant in environmental and overall domain of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of college/below middle school was significant in environmental, overall domain and total score of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of above university/below middle school was significant in physical health, environmental, overall domain and total score in QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of Health perception (moderate/bad) was positively significant in physical health, environmental, overall domain and total score of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of Health perception (good/bed) was positively significant in physical health, environmental, social, overall domain and total score of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable as BMI non-=obese women/control was negatively significant in social domain of QoL scores (P<0.05). Above the results, It suggests that the variable as BMI did't affect on the QoL in patients and control, but the variables as education and health perception affected on the QoL scores. Further study is required to conduct QoL differences between before and after treatment of obese patients.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper attempted to investigate the relationships among the perception of job insecurity and organizational effectiveness, and it examines these relationships while considering the moderating effect of trust in the manager and self-efficacy. Job insecurity is an independent variable, organizational effectiveness aspects (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention) are dependent variables, and trust and self-efficacy are moderators. Research design, data, and methodology - Regression analysis was used to verify the effects. The measurement items were already deemed as reliable and valid in the previous study, but for this purpose, some modifications were made. To examine the model, this study relied on the samples chosen from Korean employees in the six franchise business firms. The survey was conducted on 288 workers. Each question is based on a 5-point Likert type scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results - The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, job insecurity has an influence on organizational effectiveness aspects (negatively on job satisfaction, negatively on organizational commitment, and positively on turnover intention). Second, analyzing the moderating effect of trust, trust in manager is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on organizational commitment and on turnover intention). However, employees' trust in manager had no significant moderating effect on the job insecurity-job satisfaction relationship. Third, self-efficacy is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on job satisfaction, on organizational commitment, and on turnover intention). Conclusions - First, it is necessary to be aware of the seriousness of employees' job insecurity in franchise firms, which have played a pivotal role in national economic growth, and to create a detailed plan for reducing insecurity and actively implementing it. To this end, the franchise companies should implement efficiency efforts such as obtaining an appropriate capacity of equipped personnel and a training program. Second, there are moderating effects of self-efficacy and trust in the relationship between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness. Depending on business conditions, stability and instability can only be experienced in the organizations of franchise companies. This can give rise to instability in employment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and utilize a system that can be minimized with a change in the new awareness of employment instability. After all, a good leader (manager) must accumulate personal trust and build up a core competence that is necessary to become competent in the field himself. Even if you lack the material resources to improve performance, if the leader with the core competencies (e.g., technical/management /organization/marketing/design) can gain the trust of the supervisor, you can get a good organizational performance. Therefore, you should foster a healthy organizational culture through education such as leadership training and employee training to be built on trust between the leaders and the employees. In addition, you need to focus on HRD&M training in order to increase the self-efficacy of the supervisor.