• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2007

308 isolates of Ampelomyces quisqualis were isolated from powdery mildew fungi of 73 plant species in Korea from 1994 to 2004. Among them, the new mycohosts and new plant hosts of A. quisqualis were found in 13 species of powdery mildew fungi in 38 species of plant. The new hosts of A. quisqualis were Erysiphe heraclei on Heracleum moellenderfii; E. hommae on Elsholtzia splendins; E. glycines on Glycine max; E. lespedezae on Lespedeza biclor; E. pileae on Pilea mongolica; E. pisi on Phaseolus radiatus; E. polygoni on Rumex aquatica and Rumex crispus; Golovinomyce artemisiae on Artemisia princeps var. orientalis; G. cichoracearum on Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensis; G. rubiae on Rubia akane; Oidium sp. on Valeriana fauriei, Lactuca indica var. laciniata, Carpesium triste var. manshuricum, Aster ageratoides var. turczaninow, Lufa cylindrica, Ixeris demtats Nakai, Phlox paniculata, Bidens bipinnata and Pathenocissus tricuspidata; Microsphaera alphitoides on Quercus aliema, M. pseudolonicerae on Cocculus trilobos; Podosphaera sp. on Ligustrum obtusifolium; Sphaerotheca aphanisi on Fragaria ananassa; S. balsaminae on Impatiens textori; S. fusca on Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, Ligularia fischeri, Solanum melongena, Lagenaria leucantha, Cucumis melo var. makuwa, Acalypha australis, Cosmos bipinnatus and Aster scaber; Uncinuliella simulans on Rosa muliflora and Uncinula australiana on Lagerstroemia indica.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2016

This study was carried out in the Boin and Miryousef regions in Baneh of Kordestan province, west of Iran. Both areas were divided into two parts including protected and unprotected areas. In each area, 20 $1000-m^2$ circular plots were established following a selective method. Tree and shrub species were identified and the number of these species was counted in each sampling plot. The results indicated that 7 trees, 4 shrubs and 109 herbaceous species were found in the studied areas, 40 herbaceous, 7 tree and 3 shrub species were present in protected area, while unprotected area had 16 herbaceous and 3 tree species. The highest value of diversity indices belonged to protected areas in all vegetation layers. In tree layer, Quercus brantii had the greatest value of SIV, whereas the lowest value belonged to Pistacia atlantica. In shrub layer, the highest and lowest values of SIV belonged to Daphne mezereum and Cerasus microcarpa, respectively. Finally, in herbaceous layer, Luzula spicata had highest value of SIV, and lowest value was belonged to Galium sp.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.199-202
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• 2008

Inonotus obliquus is a fungus that causes white heart rot on several broad-leaved species. This fungus forms typical charcoal-black, sterile conks (chaga) or cinder conks on infected stems of the birche (Betula spp). The dark brown pulp of the sterile conk is formed by a pure mycelial mass of fungus. Chaga are a folk remedy in Russia, reflecting the circumboreal distribution of I. obliquus in boreal forest ecosystems on Betula spp. and in meridional mountain forests on beech (Fagus spp.) in Russia, Scandinavia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. Distribution at lower latitudes in Western and Southern Europe, Northern America, Asia, Japan, and Korea is rare. Infected trees grow for many years without several symptoms of decline. The infection can penetrate through stem injuries with exterior sterile conks developing later. In the Czech Republic, cinder conk is found on birches inhabiting peat bogs and in mountain areas with a colder and more humid climate, although it is widespread in other broad leaved species over the Czech Republic. The most common hosts are B. pendula, B. pubescens, B. carpatica, and F. sylvatica. Less frequent hosts include Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus cerris, Q. petraea, Q. robur, Q. delachampii, and Ulmus sp.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.187-197
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• 2019

Ascomycota is the largest phylum of the Fungi, including approximately 6,600 genera. They are often isolated from soils, indoor air, and freshwater environments, but also from plants as pathogens or endophytes. In this study, four species of Ascomycota (two of Cladosporium and one of each Daldinia and Nigrospora) were collected from the leaves of four woody plants (Camellia japonica, Ginkgo biloba, Quercus sp., Vitis vinifera). Their cultural characteristics were investigated on five different media (PDA, V8A, CMA, MEA, CZA) at 3 days after incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ in darkness. BLASTn search and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences, in addition to tef1 gene sequences for Cladosporium species. Based on the cultural, morphological, and phylogenetic data, the isolates were identified as Cladosporium anthropophilum, Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides, Daldinia eschscholtzii, and Nigrospora chinensis. Previously, some members of Cladosporium and Nigrospora have been recorded as endophytes inhabiting the leaves and stems of various plants, whereas Daldinia eschscholtzii is a wood-inhabiting endophyte or wood-decaying fungus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these four ascomycetes in Korea.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.8 no.1 s.11
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• pp.28-32
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• 1999

The performance of dimensional stabilization of lactitol, PEG (Mw, 4000), and sucrose was evaluated for thin sections of oak wood (Quercus sp.) that had been buried in underground for presumably 1500 years. Thin wood sections of the specimen were soaked for three and seven days in each stabilizing agent with wide concentration ranges of 10, 30, 50, and $70\%$ by weight. Sucrose showed the largest weight gain among three agents, and the shrinkage of cross sections were found to be $1\%\;and\;4\%$ for three and seven days soaking, respectively. The result showed that sucrose among three stabilizing agents used was the best for the dimensional stabilization of the oak wood.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 1989

Out of 826 isolates of Streptomyces isolated from different soils, their distribution and antibiotic productivity were investigated. Distribution of the organism in the soil was affected by the soil conditions and plants. The highest isolation frequency was occurred from Quercus forest, Robinia forest and grass field, while soils from orchards and cultivating fields showed low density of Streptomyces. More than 49% of the isolates showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Xantomonas campestris pv. oryzae and about 40% of the isolates showed antiyeasty activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae but only a few isolates showed antibiotic activity against E. coli and Pseudomonas solanacearum. Forty isolates of the Streptomyces showed strong antifungal activity against Pyricularia oryzae. Rate of isolation of Streptomyces was the highest on starch agar among the eight media tested. Antibiotic productivity of the isolates was the highest on potato sucrose agar medium among the 5 media tested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.48-58
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• 2003

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in granite forest road cut-slope. From one to thirteen year elapsed forest roads in five regional areas of Chungcheong-do and Kyungsangbuk-do, sample plots were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and bulk density in the granite weathering soils were below 0.5%, 0.02%, 10%, and above 1.2g/$cm^3$, respectively. The environmental factors affecting distribution of species in the granite forest road were the elapsed year, elevation, cut-slope aspect, and cut-slope. Sowing plants of Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, and Eragrostis curvula were found in the early stage of forest road-cut. Annual herbs of Youngia denticulata, Erigeron annuus, etc. were found in the 2-3 years elasped forest road-cut. Perennial herbs of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., parachute woody plants of Weigela subsessilis, Pinus densiflora, etc., and gravitative trees of Prunus sargentii, Lindera obtusiloba, Quercus sp., etc. were found in the forest road cut-slope after 3 years of road-cut. Leguma of Lespedeza cureata, Amorpha fruticosa, Lespedeza bicolor, Pueraria thunbergiana, Albizzia julibrissin, etc., herbs of Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., and woody plants of Rubus crataegifolius, Weigela subsessilis, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Pinus densiflora, etc. were considered as proper species for replantation in granite forest road cut-slope.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of ectomycorrhizal mushroom by surveying sites from June 2004 to October 2005. The obtained results from investigation were as follows. The total of 5 classes 16 orders 63 families 149 genera and 358 species including saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated. A total of 17 families 36 genera 152 species (1,285ea.) of ectomycorrhizal mushroom was investigated. The mushrooms are classified into 9 families 27 genera and 136 species in Agaricales, 5 families 6 genera and 12 species in Aphyllophorales and 3 families 3 genera and 4 species in Gasteromycetes. Dorminant species were Russulaceae (35 species) followed by Boletaceae (34 species), Amanitaceae(22 species) and Cortinariaceae (21 species). The mushroom occurrence of octomycorrhizal fungi was closely related to climatic conditions such as high air temperature and lots of rainfall from July to September. The environment factors which have a favorable influence of mushroom occurrence were soil pH, available $P_{2}O_{5}$ of soil and rainfall and air temperature of climatic environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.69-79
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• 2005

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in highway cut-slope area. In highway cut-slope area, sample plots of 106 were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. 1. We found total 172 species in the 106 cutting area of highway. The species of high frequency of highway cut-slope were found in the order of Lespedeza bicolor, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Festuca arundinacea, Erigeron annuus, Lespedeza cuneata, Lactuca indica var. laciniata, Eragrostis curvula, Dactylis glomerata, Oenothera lamarckiana, Wistaria floribunda, Humulus japonica, Commelina communis, Miscanthus sinensis, Pueraria thunbergiana, Pinus densiflora, etc. 2. The average vegetation coverage was over 90% in the study sites and the average coverage was 91.4% in the total cut-slope area. The species of high coverage of highway cut-slope area were found in the order of Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Lespedeza bicolor, Wistaria floribunda, Lespedeza cuneata, Dactylis glomerata, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Humulus japonica, Pueraria thunbergiana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Poa pratensis, Medicago sativa, Festuca ovina, Pinus densiflora, Parthenocissua tricuspidata, etc. 3. The total coverage in the foreign plants of Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Dactylis glomerata, Poa pratensis, Medicago sativa, Coreopsis drummondii and native plants of Lespedeza bicolor, Wistaria floribunda, Lespedeza cuneata, Amorpha fruticosa, Indigofera pseudotinctoria, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya were 57.52%. That is, the ecological succession of native herbs and parachute shrubs have delayed because the afforested plants occupy 57.52%. In future, the coverage of foreign herbs have to reduce, and the coverage of the native herbs and parachute shrubs must be increased. 4. The native seed of Artemisia sp., Miscanthus sinensis, Smilax china, Pueraria thunbergiana, Rubus crataegifolius, Rubus parvifolius, Pinus densiflora, Rhus chinensis, Albizzia julibrissin, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Clematis apiifolia, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Prunus sargentii could be added in the seedling of the temperate south zone highway with the used seeds. The native seed of Artemisia sp., Miscanthus sinensis, Rubus crataegifolius, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Weigela subsessilis, Stephanandra incisa, Rhus chinensis, Pinus densiflora, Salix koreensis, Cocculus trilobus, Populus alba, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, Clematis apiifolia, Lindera obtusiloba, Quercus serrata, etc., could be added in the seedling of the temperate middle zone highway with the used seeds. 5. We have some recommendation. The native plants have to growth in the highway cut-slope area instead of foreign plants to have good environmental ecology. The role of the foreign plants should be the plant for the initial several years in the highway cut-slope area. And, the native plants should growth in the next season. 6. We should protect shrubs and trees in the highway slope area because shrubs and trees can be more helpful in stabilizing of the slope area than herbs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2008

Ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, is a vector of oak wilt disease caused by Raffaelea sp. in Korea. The degree of damage by oak wilt disease was dependent on the density of the beetles in the oak trunk, a relationship between the degree of damage by oak wilt disease and the density of beetle on the basis of the number of entry hole was studied. Entry hole distribution within tree trunk was analyzed by the nearest neighbor method. Thirty four oak trees (Quercus mongolica) located in survey area were selected and then degree of damage, the number of attack hole/$623cm^2$ in upper (50cm from the surface) and lower (surface) trunk and the nearest neighbor distance between the holes were measured. The number of hole and the nearest neighbor distance in upper and lower part were positively correlated with each other. As the degree of damage was severer, the number of the holes increased, whereas the nearest neighbor distance decreased. The distribution pattern of the hole was changed from clumped one to uniform as the severity of damage increased. These results suggested that Platypus koryoensis attacked the oak tree in concentrative manner at initial stage of attack but at final stage, it distributed uniformly to reduce intraspecific competition between the beetles.