• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.35-51
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• 2014

A phytosociological vegetation survey was conducted in July to September 2011 in order to examine the vegetation community structure in Mt. Ohseo area. It was aimed to provide basic data for the effective vegetation conservation by analyzing the importance, species diversity and community similarity of the forest community in Mt. Ohseo for each layer, followed by the classification of the actual forest vegetation. According to the cluster analysis, the community type of Mt. Ohseo was classified into a total of 4 vegetation communities: Pinus densiflora community, Cornus controversa-Quercus serrata community, Miscanthus sinensis community, and Quercus mongolica community; the vegetation type 4 showed the lowest species diversity index of 0.5236, and vegetation type-2 showed the highest species diversity index of 0.6606. The community similarity between Quercus mongolica community and Pinus densiflora community showed the highest 0.679, and the community similarity between Quercus serrata community and Pinus densiflora community and between Quercus serrata community and Quercus mongolica community showed the levels of 0.5, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2002

This study was carried out to classify forest vegetation community of Dodeokbong and Baekwunbong in Gyeryongsan. Employing the releve method of Dierssen, 89 plots were sampled. Forest community was classified into Quercus mongolica community, Quercus serrata community, Quercus variabitis community, Pinus densiflora community, Carpinus laxiflora community, and Pinus rigida-Pinus thunbergii community. Quereus mongolica community was found in high altitude and steep area, Quercus serrata community in relatively low altitude and steep slope area, and Quercus variabilis in southern arid and low area compared with Quercus mongolica community. Pinus densiflora community is present in relatively high altitude and narrow arid ridge area. And, Carpinus laxiflora community is mainly distributed in southern valley area. Pinus rigida-Pinus thunbergii community is planted community.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the Quercus spp. forests in the lower montane zone of Mts. Bakdal, Gyemyeong, Boryeon, Worak, Cheondeung, Joryeong, Gungmang, Buyong and Sirubong in Chungbuk Province, Korea using the methodology of the Z.-M. school's phytosociology. The Ouercus spp. forests were classified into three communities and two groups; A. Quercus variabilis community A-1. Quercus serrata-Quercus acutissima group, A-2. Quercus mongolica group; B. Quercus mongolica-Rhododendron schlippenbachii community; C. Quercus dentate-Chloranthus japonicus community. These vegetation units were arranged by human interference and a gradient of environmental complex such as altitudes, and also were corresponded relatively well with a result of cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on the dominance of component species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.250-262
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of the vegetation structure in the sectin stretching between the Jilmoi wetlands and the Donghae Observatory and to set the criteria for the basic data for a management plan including restoration afterwards. 12 plots($10m{\times}40m$, $20m{\times}20m$) were set up to analyse the vegetation structure. The analysis of the classification by TWINSPAN and ordination by DCA, importance percentage and property, distribution of diameter of breast height, growth increments of major woody species, species diversity and the physicochemical properties of soil were all analyzed. Vegetation classes were divided into 3 communities, which are community I (Pinus densiflora community), community II (Quercus mongolica community) and community III (Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis community). The P. densiflora community declined when competing with Q. mongolica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Q. mongolica competed with T. amurensis on an understory layer in Q. mongolica community. Q. mongolica competed with T. amurensis on both canopy and understory layers in Q. mongolica-T. amurensis community. P. densiflora declined and it was assumed to succeed to F. rhynchophylla or T. amurensis through Q. mongolica based on the importance percentage and distribution of the diameter of the breast height of small and middle sized trees. The age of P. densiflora was between 47 to 51 years old and Q. mongolica was 61years old. T. amurensis was 61 years old and the growth of Q. mongolica slowed a little. As the result of Shannon's index of species diversity, community I ranged from 0.9578 to 1.1862, community II ranged from 0.7904 to 1.2286 and community III ranged from 0.8701 to 1.0323. The contents of organic matter and cation were low compared to uncultivated mountain soil and it were analysed to be inappropriate for tree growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 1995

Vegetational data from 81 quadrats of Quercus mongolica communities in Mt. Odae and Mt. Jumbong were analysed by applying two multivariate methods : two - way indicator species analysis(TWNSPAN) for classification and detrended canonical correspondence analysis(DCCA) for ordination. The dominant tree species of Quercus mongolica communities were found in the order of Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudosieboldianum. Tilia amurensis, Carpinus cordata, Acer mono, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The forest vegetation of Quercus mongolica community was classified into Quercus mongolica, Quercus mongolica - Carpinus cordata, and Quercus mongolica - Abies nephrolepis groups according to the TWNSPAN. The relationships between the distribution of dominant groups for forest vegetation and soil condition in Quercus mongolica communities were investigated by analysing elevation and soil nutrition gradients. Quercus mongolica group was distributed in the low elevation and poor nutrition area of total nitrogen, Quercus mongolica - Carpinus cordata group was distributed in the low elevation and good nutrition area of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, while Quercus mongolica Abies nephrolepis group was distributed in the high elevation and poor nutrition area of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$. The two dominant factors influencing community distribution were elevation and total nitrogen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.63-74
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• 2010

In this study, wetlands and forest vegetation surrounding rail, road of DMZ area and Civilian Control Line were studied as follows: Plant communities hierarchical system of forest vegetation classified according to the results of phytosociological methods of Braun-Blanquet (1964) as; Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica-Quercus variabilis community and Quercus acutissima -Quercus mongolica community. Wetland vegetation major communities; Scirpus wichurae community, Scirpus fluviatilis community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Typha orientalis community, Typha angustata community, Juncus alatus community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Phragmites communis-Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Hragmites communis community, Phragmites communis-Alnus japonica community, Alnus japonica community, Phragmites japonica community, Salix koreensis community, Prunus padus community, Alnus japonica community, Zizania latifolia community and Amorpha fruticosa community were surveyed. Coastal sand dune vegetation in a DMZ area and the Civilian Control Line was mainly characterized by; Carex pumila, Elymus mollis, Carex kobomugi, Rosa rugosa, Calystegia soldanella, Lathyrus japonica and Aster hispidus, species that are of typically sand dune vegetation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 1997

One hundred Sixty two quadrats were sampled from natural forests, in Kangwon-do and Kyungsangbuk-do. On the basis of Mueller-Dombois & Ellenberg method, field survey, which accounts for the characters of the species structure of Pinus densiflora community and Quercus mongolica community, was carried out between 1991 and 1994. To analyze the data, CCA ordination and D.B.H, analysis were used. 1. DBH analysis showed that Pinus densiflora community is likely replacing Quercus mongolica or Quercus variabilis community. DBH analysis also showed that Quercus mongolica - Lindera obtusiloba community balances among the Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Tilia amurensid in the canopy, and that Quercus mongolica-Abies nephrolepis community, mixed forest balances among the Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies nephrolepis in the canopy. In general, Quercus mongolica seems to remain as a dominant species. 2. A certain correlation seems to exist between nutrients types and Pinus densiflora community. Quercus mongolica prefered to grow in the medium elevation area that has medium level of total nitrogen, organic matter, and C.E.C. Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis were found in the low elevation area that has low level of total nitrogen, organic matter, and C.E.C. 3. There seemed to be a certain correlation between nutrients types and Quercus mongolica community. Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudosieboldianum was distributed in the slope area that has medium level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C., while Abies nephrolepis, Taxus cuspidata and Pinus koraiensis in the high elevation and ridge area that has low level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C. Carpinus laxiflora and Abies holophylla were found in the medium elevation area that has medium level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C., while Kalopanax pious, Carpinus cordata and Acer truncatum in the moderately moist and valley area that has high level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C. Pinus densiflora and Fraxinus rhynchophylla seemed to prefer the slightly dry, low elevation and ridge area.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.482-500
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the phytosociological vegetation structure through a sampling survey of Mt. Jirisan National Park. And it was conducted to provide the latest data for establishing a conservation and management plan for forest ecosystems. As a result of TWINSPAN classification, it was classified into 4 communities. Group I is the Fraxinus mandshurica - Acer pseudosieboldianum Community, group II is the Quercus serrata - Quercus variabilis Community, group III is the Quercus mongolica Community, group IV is the Pinus densiflora Community. Group I is dominated by Fraxinus mandshurica in the canopy layer, and Cornus controversa and Quercus mongolica compete and maintain dominance. Group II is dominated by Quercus variabilis and Quercus serrata in canopy layer, and Styrax obassia and Styrax japonicus compete in sub-tree layer. In group III, Quercus mongolica has a high dominance of 67% in canopy layer and 27% in the sub-tree layer, and Acer pseudosieboldianum competes with the Quercus mongolica in the sub-tree layer. In group IV, Pinus densiflora showed a high dominance of 74% in canopy layer. The sub-tree layer is dominated by Quercus mongolica, and is accompanied by competition between Carpinus tschonoskii and Fraxinus sieboldiana.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.52-61
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• 2004

This study has been carried out to classify forest vegetation in south and north slopes of Donghaksa valley for supplying basic data for conservation and restoration of the valley. With the phytosociological method, the forest of the south and north slopes of Donghaksa valley was classified as four groups; Quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community and Carpinus laxiflora community. The dominant species were found in the order of Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus laxiflora, and Quercus mongolica. Comparing the north and south slopes, Quercus variabilis were the highest dominant species in the south and Carpinus laxiflora in the north. Pinus densiflora were the next dominant species in both south and north slopes. According to the DBH analysis result, Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis had density of normal distribution style among the entire community. Therefore, their dominance are expected to continue for now. But, Quercus mongolica and Carpinus laxiflora are expected to extend their influence in the future in terms of competition with Pinus densiflora. The correlation between each community and the environment according to DCCA ordination was examined in this study. The result told us that Quercus variabilis is distributed mainly on the south slope in a mid-steep and mid-altitude area. Quercus mongolica community appeared on the north slope in the steep high-altitude area that has high percentage in total nitrogen and CEC. Pinus densiflora community is distributed on both south and north slopes in a gentle slope and low-altitude area. Carpinus laxiflora is distributed on the north slope in a mid-steep and mid-altitude area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of Nature Ecosystem Preservation Area, 65 plots(10m$\times$10m) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. five group -Larix leptolepis Community, Quercus mongolica-Fraxinus rhynchophylla Community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Quercus mongolica community. Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudo-sieboldianum community, Quercus mongolica community were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and Sorbus of alnifolia, Acer Mono, Lonicera praeflorens, Sorbus commixta ; Acer mono and Lonicera praeflorens, Sorbus commixta ; Maackia amurensis and Acer triflorum ; Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Betula davurica ; Lonicera praeflorens and Cornus controversa, Sorbus commixta ; Acer triflorum and Rhamnus toshinoi ; Pyrus ussuriensis and Prunus padus ; Cornuscontroversa, and Sorbus commixta, and high negative corrlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and Larix leptolepis, Carpinus cordata ; Tilia amurensis and Larix leptolepis, Morus bombycis. Species diversity(H' ) of investigated groups were ranged 0.4443~1.2036.