• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-42
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• 1971

Pale yellow microneedles$(m.p.\;228{\sim}230^{\cric})$ and colorless microneedles$(m.p.\;235{\sim}237^{\circ})$ were respectively obtained from the leaves of Cornus kousa $B_{UERGERI}$. These two substances were as iso-quercitrin and gallic acid by paper partition and thin-layer chromatographies and physicochemical tests.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 1996

Two phenolcarboxylic acids. five flavonoids and one hydrolysable tannin were isolated from the leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the strutures of these compounds were established as gallic acid, ethylgallate, acertannin, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, rutin, $quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-_L-rhamnopyranosyl-2'-gallate$.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.494-499
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• 2001

Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) has pungent smell and taste. It has been regarded as detoxicant, antipyretic, antiinflammantory and diuretic agents. In order to evaluate antioxidative and antilipidperoxidative efficacies, its fractions ($H_2O$, 20% MeOH, 40% MeOH, 60% MeOH, 170% MeOH) were measured by DPPH method and TBARS assay on rat liver homogenate. It was revealed that 60% MeOH fractions had potential antioxidative activity and inhibited lipid peroxidation significantly: In active fractions, we isolated rutin, hyperin, quercitrin and quercetin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1975

To evaluate nutritional values and to detect pharmacologically active and antibacterial components of wild edible plants in Korea, 20 species were examined. 1) The essential free amino acid compositions of these plants were determined by TLC. The plants contained threonine, leucine, valine and methionine. 2) In antibacterial tests of 17 species the plants Hemerocallis sp. and Plantago asiatica showed an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Eschericia, and Salmonella species. 4) Rutin. quercitrin, $k\ddot{a}mpferol$, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were also identified.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.166-168
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• 1988

The effects of aglycones moring and quercetin and their corresponding glycosides quercitrin and rutin were studied on the blood glucose levels of rats. Quercetin and quercetrin caused hypoglycaemia in rats while rutin and morin showed almost no difference. Quercetin, which showed 50% pronounced hypoglycaemic effects, reduced significantly the blood glucose level of alloxan diabetic rats.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.80-84
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• 1999

Peroxynitrite is a cytotoxic intermediate produced by the reaction between the superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide. Flavonoids (afzelin, quercitrin and quercetin 3-O-sambubioside), and chlorogenic acid and its methyl ester obtained from leaves of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) have recently been shown to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and to inhibit lipid peroxidation in mouse liver homogenate. The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of the above components on peroxynitrite produced stimulated by 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) to produce superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide at the same time. In addition, the present study tests whether or not the components directly scavenge peroxynitrite itself. The results showed that the components with the aromatic ortho-dihydroxyl groups (catechol) were more potent inhibitors of peroxynitrite formation by SIN-1. In particular, the methyl ester form of chlorogenic acid showed the most potent inhibition. At $5\;{\mu}M$ concentration, the order of minimizing peroxynitrite formation were : methyl chlorogenic acid > quercitrin > quercetin 3-O-sambubioside > chlorogenic acid > afzelin. Authentic peroxynitrite was directly scavenged by the components in a manner similar to peroxynitrite formation by SIN-1. In particular, when compared with penicillamine as a positive control, methyl chlorogenate was as effective in inhibiting peroxynitrite formation and approximately 2 times more effective in scavenging an authentic peroxynitrite. These results demonstrate therefore, that components extracted from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica effectively scavenged peroxynitrite.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.127-133
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• 2001

Together with cytochrome P450 (CYP), flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) present in liver microsomes oxidizes various endogenous and exogenous chemicals. In an effort to determine the human FMO activity, we have developed two non-invasive urine analysis methods using caffeine (CA) and ranitidine (RA) as the probe compounds. As the production of theobromine (TB) and ranitidine N-oxide (RANO) from CA and RA is catalyzed primarily by the hepatic FMO, we have assigned the urinary molar ratios of TB/CA and RA/RANO as the in vivo FMO activity. In 200 age-matched Korean volunteers, the obtained TB/CA ratio ranged from 0.4 to 15.2 (38-fold difference) and the RA/RANO ratio from 5.7 to 27.2 (4.8-fold). The FMO activity of 20's, determined by caffeine metabolism, was the highest (2.5$\pm$l.9) and those of 30's, 40's, 50's, 60's and 70's were 40%, 50%, 24%, 39% and 36% of the 20's, respectively. Intake of grapefruit juice, known to contain flavonoids, inhibited the in vivo FMO (TB/CA) activity by 79%. Addition of the flavonoids like naringin, quercitrin and kaempferol, present in grapefruit juice, to the in vitro microso-mal FMO assay, thiobenzamide S-oxidation, produced 75%, 70% and 60% inhibition, respectively. Obtained Ki values of quercitrin, kaempferol and naringin on the in vitro FMO activity were 6.2, 12.0 and 13.9 $\mu\textrm{M}$, respectively. This suggested that the dose of drug should need to be adjusted to suit the individual FMO activities when the drugs metabolized by FMO are given to patients. As the intake of grapefruit juice has been identified to inhibit the FMO as well as CYP3A4 and lA2 activities, patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes should not drink grapefruit juice as the carrier.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.213-217
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• 2013

Phytochemical studies on the leaves of Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae) have not been reported previously. Thus, the authors isolated and identified secondary metabolites from A. altissima. Dried and powdered leaves were extracted with 80% aqueous methanol, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned with ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Four flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction through repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatography. Spectroscopic data including NMR, MS, and IR allowed for identification of the chemical structures as quercetin (1), afzelin (2), quercitrin (3), and isoquercitrin (4). This is the first report of the isolation of these compounds from A. altissima. The four isolated flavonoids 1-4 as well as solvent fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water), were evaluated for DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2007

It summarize result that test 3 years since 2002 allowing back 4 processing for disregard to supply basis data of method of cultivation establishment examining raw meat and quantity by the nitrogen additional fertilizer amount after Saururus chinensis 1th harvesting, is as following, Plant height, size of leaf, Stem diameter, water saving, goods leave, foliar such as the number of tillering and growth of rhizoma are good by long or, thick or, many tendency the nitrogen additional fertilizer using as a trial amount is much after the first harvesting. When foliar amount uses 158 kg/10a provision for disregard 3, 6, 9kg/10a because is increased the nitrogen additional fertilizer using as a trial amount is much night watch, each 20%, 42%, 60% rose, Rutin of constituent content was augmented tendency nitrogen additional fertilizer amount used is much, and quercitrin is high more or less in nitrogen additional fertilizer 3kg/10a using as a trials.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 2006

Plants have been used in traditional medicinal system for centuries. Bangladeshi medicinal plants have received considerable attention from the researchers for evaluation of their bioactivity. As a part of our ongoing research of screening the Bangladeshi medicinal plants, the ethanolic extract of Dendrophthoe falcata have been chosen for the present study. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of the plant have been assessed for their antioxidant, antinociceptive, and general toxicity. The extract showed potent antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}5.1{\mu}g/ml$) using DPPH radical scavenging assay, which is comparable to the standard ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}4.6{\mu}g/ml$). The extract significantly and dose dependently inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in mice (71.2%, P < 0.001 and 28.0%, P < 0.05 for 500 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively). A general toxicity was assessed by a simple and low cost assay using brine shrimp lethality as an indicator. The extract showed low level of toxicity ($LC_{50}100{\mu}g/ml$). Using different chromatographic techniques, quercitrin (quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-rhamnoside) was separated as the major component from the extract. The structure was elucidated by detailed 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectral analysis.