• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.173-190
• /
• 2019

Steel-confined reinforced concrete (SCRC) columns feature highly complex and invisible mechanisms that make damage evaluation and pattern recognition difficult. In the present article, the prevailing acoustic emission (AE) technique was applied to monitor and evaluate the damage process of steel-confined RC columns in a quasi-static test. AE energy-based indicators, such as index of damage and relax ratio, were proposed to trace the damage progress and quantitatively evaluate the damage state. The fuzzy C-means algorithm successfully discriminated the AE data of different patterns, validity analysis guaranteed cluster accuracy, and principal component analysis simplified the datasets. A detailed statistical investigation on typical AE features was conducted to relate the clustered AE signals to micro mechanisms and the observed damage patterns, and differences between steel-confined and unconfined RC columns were compared and illustrated.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.157-160
• /
• 2021

In this paper, a 20W class multi-output QR flyback converter for auxiliary power supply was designed to stabilize 4 output voltages, and the efficiency and load characteristics were compared and analyzed. It was checked if each output affects other output characteristics through experiment. As a result, the experimental circuit reached a high efficiency of 82.5% or more at a load power of over 20W, and the maximum power loss was 2.6W. Consequently, it was confirmed that all of 4 output voltages of the multi-output QR flyback converter constructed in this paper were stabilized within 0.5% in full-load range, and each output was independently controlled in an electrically isolated state.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2024

In this paper, we present the very first time the generalized notion of (α, β, γ, δ) - convex (concave) function in mixed kind, which is the generalization of (α, β) - convex (concave) functions in 1^st and 2^nd kind, (s, r) - convex (concave) functions in mixed kind, s - convex (concave) functions in 1^st and 2^nd kind, p - convex (concave) functions, quasi convex(concave) functions and the class of convex (concave) functions. We would like to state the well-known Ostrowski inequality via SVN-Riemann Integrals for (α, β, γ, δ) - convex (concave) function in mixed kind. Moreover we establish some SVN-Ostrowski type inequalities for the class of functions whose derivatives in absolute values at certain powers are (α, β, γ, δ)-convex (concave) functions in mixed kind by using different techniques including Hölder's inequality and power mean inequality. Also, various established results would be captured as special cases with respect to convexity of function.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.189-189
• /
• 2016

Recently, many researchers have shown an increased interest in colloidal quantum dots (QDs) due to their unique physical and optical properties of size control for energy band gap, narrow emission with small full width at half maxima (FWHM), broad spectral photo response from ultraviolet to infrared, and flexible solution processing. QDs can be widely used in the field of optoelectronic and biological applications and, in particular, colloidal QDs based light emitting diodes (QDLEDs) have attracted considerable attention as an emerging technology for next generation displays and solid state lighting. A few methods have been proposed to fabricate white color QDLEDs. However, the fabrication of white color QDLEDs using single QD is very challenging. Recently, hybrid nanocomposites consisting of CdTe/ZnO heterostructures were reported by Zhimin Yuan et al.[1] Here, we demonstrate a novel but facile technique for the synthesis of CdTe/ZnO/G.O(graphene oxide) quasi-core-shell-shell quantum dots that are applied in the white color LED devices. Our best device achieves a maximum luminance of 484.2 cd/m2 and CIE coordinates (0.35, 0.28).

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제61권10호
• /
• pp.1432-1441
• /
• 2012

In this study, an improved LCCT(Inductor-Capacitor-Capacitor-Trans) Z-source inverter(Improved LCCT ZSI) with characteristics of Quasi Z-source inverter(QZSI) and LCCT Z-source inverter(LCCT ZSI) is proposed. The proposed inverter can also reduce the voltage stress and input current/capacitor voltage ripples compared with conventional LCCT ZSI and Quasi ZSI. A two winding trans in Z-impedance network of the conventional LCCT ZSI is replaced by a three winding trans in the proposed inverter. To verify the validity of the proposed inverter, a DSP controlled hardware was made and PSIM simulation was executed for each method. Comparing the current and voltage ripples of each method under the condition of input DC voltage 70[V] and output AC voltage 76[Vrms], the input current and capacitor voltage ripple factors of the proposed inverter were low as 11[%] and 1.4[%] respectively. And, for generation of the same output AC voltage of each method, voltage stress of the proposed inverter was low as 175[V] under the condition of duty ratio D=0.15. As mentioned above, we could know that the proposed inverter have the characteristics of low voltage stress, low ripple factor and low operation duty ratio compared with the conventional methods. Finally, the efficiency according to load change/duty ratio and the transient state characteristics were discussed.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제24권10호
• /
• pp.2568-2580
• /
• 2000

This paper presents a quasi-static optimization technique for elastic structures under dynamic loads. An equivalent static load (ESL) set is defined as a static load set which generates the same displacement field as that from a dynamic load at a certain time. Multiple ESL sets calculated at every time step are employed to represent the various states of the structure under the dynamic load. They can cover every critical state that might happen at an arbitrary time. Continuous characteristics of dynamic load are simulated by multiple discontinuous ones of static loads. The calculated sets of ESLs are applied as a multiple loading condition in the optimization process. A design cycle is defined as a circulated process between an analysis domain and a design domain. Design cycles are repeated until a design converges. The analysis domain gives a loading condition necessary for the design domain. The design domain gives a new updated design to be verified by the analysis domain in the next design cycle. This iterative process is quite similar to that of the multidisciplinary optimization technique. Even though the global convergence cannot be guaranteed, the proposed technique makes it possible to optimize the structures under dynamic loads. It has also applicability, flexibility, and reliability.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 2004

점토의 압밀은 시간적 지연을 갖는 현상으로 시간적 지연은 소성적 지연시간과 수리적 지연시간으로 나눠진다. 본 연구에서는 점토의 2차압밀이 압밀침하에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알고자 CRS 시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과 소성적 지연시간은 선행압밀하중을 구하는데 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 압밀하중과 압밀지연시간으로부터 유사선행압밀하중을 예측하는 식을 제안하였다. 또 압밀지연시간에 따른 압밀계수의 특징은 선행압밀 전까지는 큰 범위의 값을 가지나 선행압밀하중의 약 2배 지점을 지나서는 압밀지연시간에 관계없이 일정한 값으로 수렴하는 경향을 나타냈다. 그리고 정규압밀영역에서의 투수계수는 간극비와 밀접한 관계에 있으며, Samarasinghe 등의 제안식을 이용하여 시험결과로부터 투수상수 n, $C_1$값을 결정하였고, Kozeny-Carman 제안식과 비교분석하여 보았다. 투수계수와 간극비 관계에서도 압밀지연시간에 의한 지연압축으로 인하여 aging effect를 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.139-154
• /
• 2016

This paper is concerned with the dynamics of hyperelastic solids and structures. We seek for a smart control actuation that produces a desired (prescribed) displacement field in the presence of transient imposed forces. In the literature, this problem is denoted as displacement tracking, or also as shape morphing problem. One talks about shape control, when the displacements to be tracked do vanish. In the present paper, it is assumed that the control actuation is provided by imposed eigenstrains, e.g., by the electric field in piezoelectric actuators, or by thermal actuators, or via analogous physical effects, such as magneto-striction or pre-stress. Structures with a controlled eigenstrain-type actuation belong to the class of smart structures. The action of the eigenstrains can be conveniently characterized by actuation stresses. Our theoretical derivations are performed in the framework of the theory of small incremental dynamic deformations superimposed upon a statically pre-deformed configuration of a hyperelastic solid or structure. We particularly ask for a distribution of incremental actuation stresses, such that the incremental displacements follow exactly a prescribed trajectory field, despite the imposed incremental forces are present. An exact solution of this problem is presented under the assumption that the actuation stresses can be tailored freely and applied everywhere within the body. Extending a Neumann-type solution strategy, it is shown that the actuation stresses due to the distributed control eigenstrains must satisfy certain quasi-static equilibrium conditions, where auxiliary body-forces and auxiliary surface tractions are to be taken into account. The latter auxiliary loading can be directly computed from the imposed forces and from the desired displacement field to be tracked. Hence, despite the problem is a dynamic one, a straightforward computation of proper actuator distributions can be obtained in the framework of quasi-static equilibrium conditions. Necessary conditions for the functioning of this concept are presented. Particularly, it must be required that the intermediate configuration is infinitesimally superstable. Previous results of our group for the case of shape control and displacement tracking in linear elastic structures are included as special cases. The high potential of the solution is demonstrated via Finite Element computations for an irregularly shaped four-corner plate in a state of plain strain.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2022

항공기 및 철도차량 운용 중 발생하는 착빙 및 착설 현상은 공력 성능 감소와 주요 부품의 파손을 야기하기 때문에 시간에 따른 얼음 증식을 예측하는 것이 운용 안전 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 결빙수치해석은 실험적 방법에 비해 경제적으로 저렴하고 상사성 문제로부터 자유롭다는 점에서 결빙 형상을 예측하기 위한 수단으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 결빙수치해석은 착빙노출시간을 multi-step으로 나누어 매 단계별로 정상상태를 가정하는 준정상상태(quasi-steady) 가정을 이용한다. 이러한 방법은 효율적인 해석이 가능하지만 연속적인 결빙 형상을 얻지 못한다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 차원축소기법을 활용하여 결빙 형상 데이터를 보간함으로써 시간에 따른 결빙 형상을 연속적으로 예측할 수 있는 모델을 만드는 것을 목적으로 한다. 서로 다른 100개의 결빙 조건에서 형성된 결빙 데이터에 대하여 차원축소모델을 적용하였으며, 학습 데이터의 수와 결빙 조건이 차원축소모델의 예측 오차에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.501-511
• /
• 2022

Earthquake Resistant Design Philosophy seeks (a) no damage, (b) no significant structural damage, and (c) significant structural damage but no collapse of normal buildings, under minor, moderate and severe levels of earthquake shaking, respectively. A procedure is proposed for seismic design of low-rise reinforced concrete special moment frame buildings, which is consistent with this philosophy; buildings are designed to be ductile through appropriate sizing and reinforcement detailing, such that they resist severe level of earthquake shaking without collapse. Nonlinear analyses of study buildings are used to determine quantitatively (a) ranges of design parameters required to assure the required deformability in normal buildings to resist the severe level of earthquake shaking, (b) four specific limit states that represent the start of different structural damage states, and (c) levels of minor and moderate earthquake shakings stated in the philosophy along with an extreme level of earthquake shaking associated with the structural damage state of no collapse. The four limits of structural damage states and the three levels of earthquake shaking identified are shown to be consistent with the performance-based design guidelines available in literature. Finally, nonlinear analyses results are used to confirm the efficacy of the proposed procedure.