• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.219-219
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• 2013

The effect of an electron blocking layer (EBL) on V-I curves in GaN/InGaN multiple quantum well is investigated. For the first time, we found that curves were intersected at 3.012 V and analyzed the reason for intersection. The forward voltage in LEDs with an p-AlGaN EBL is larger than without p-AlGaN EBL at low injection current because the Mg doping efficiency for p-GaN layer was higher than that of p-AlGaN layer. However, the forward voltage in LEDs with an p-AlGaN EBL is smaller than without p-AlGaN EBL at high injection current because the carriers overflow from the active layer when injection current increases in LEDs without p-AlGaN EBL and in case of LED with p-AlGaN EBL, the carriers are blocked by EBL.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.441-445
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• 2021

The components affecting the extrinsic transconductance (g_{m_ext}) in In_0.7Ga_0.3As quantum-well (QW) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) on an InP substrate were investigated. First, comprehensive modeling, which only requires physical parameters, was used to explain both the intrinsic transconductance (g_{m_int}) and the g_{m_ext} of the devices. Two types of In_0.7Ga_0.3As QW HEMT were fabricated with gate lengths ranging from 10 ㎛ to sub-100 nm. These measured results were correlated with the modeling to describe the device behavior using analytical expressions. To study the effects of the components affecting g_{m_int}, the proposed approach was extended to projection by changing the values of physical parameters, such as series resistances (R_S and R_D), apparent mobility (𝜇_{n_app}), and saturation velocity (𝜈_sat).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm(QEA) contains sufficient data-level parallelism to be naturally accelerated on GPUs. For an efficient reduction of execution time, however, careful task-mapping should be done to properly reflect the characteristics of CPU and GPU. Furthermore, when deciding which part of the application should run on GPU, we need to consider the data transfer between CPU and GPU memory spaces as well as the data-level parallelism. In addition, the usage of zero-copy host memory, proper choice of the execution configuration, and thread organization considering memory coalescing is important to further reduce the execution time. With all these techniques, we could run QEA 3.69 times faster on average in comparison with the multi-threading CPU for the case of 0-1 knapsack problem with 30,000 items.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2015

The main source of noise in computed tomography (CT) images is a quantum noise, which results from statistical fluctuations of X-ray quanta reaching the detector. This paper proposes a neural network (NN) based hybrid filter for removing quantum noise. The proposed filter consists of bilateral filters (BFs), a single or multiple neural edge enhancer(s) (NEE), and a neural filter (NF) to combine them. The BFs take into account the difference in value from the neighbors, to preserve edges while smoothing. The NEE is used to clearly enhance the desired edges from noisy images. The NF acts like a fusion operator, and attempts to construct an enhanced output image. Several measurements are used to evaluate the image quality, like the root mean square error (RMSE), the improvement in signal to noise ratio (ISNR), the standard deviation ratio (MSR), and the contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Also, the modulation transfer function (MTF) is used as a means of determining how well the edge structure is preserved. In terms of all those measurements and means, the proposed filter shows better performance than the guided filter, and the nonlocal means (NLM) filter. In addition, there is no severe restriction to select the number of inputs for the fusion operator differently from the neuro-fuzzy system. Therefore, without concerning too much about the filter selection for fusion, one could apply the proposed hybrid filter to various images with different modalities, once the corresponding noise characteristics are explored.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 1998

Lattice-matched InAIAs epilayers were grown on (001) InP substrate by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The effects of growth conditions on the properties of InAIAs were analyzed, and InGaAs/InAIAs single and multiple quantum wells were successfully grown. It was observed that the optical property of InAIAs epilayers was improved in the temperature range of 620~$700^{\circ}C$ as the growth temperature increased due to the reduction of oxygen incorporation, however, the crystallinity decreased at temperatures higher than $750^{\circ}C$ due to the degraded crystallinity of the bufter layers. The enhanced incorporation of AI into epilayer was observed at high $AsH_3$flow rates and it was explained in terms of the differences in bond strengths of AI-As and In-As. The measured photoluminescence peak energies from InGaAs/InAIAs single quantum wells were consistent with the calculated ones based on transfer matrix method. High-order satellite peaks and fine thickness fringes were observed by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, implying that the high-quality multiple quantum wells with abrupt heterointerfaces were grown.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2008

QDs-LEDs(quantum dot light emitting device) should contain well-organized arrays of QDs on an electron transport layer. Thin films of CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs were successfully fabricated on $TiO_2$ substrates by using PDMS stamp and micro contact printing method. 2-Carboxyethylphosphonic acid(CAPO) and 1,6-hexanedithiol(HDT) were employed as molecular linkers in assembling CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs with high-density and uniform array. The CAPO increased the binding strength between the QDs and the substrates, and the HDT induced the strong inter-particle attractions of assembled QDs. The assembling properties of QDs thin films were characterized by SEM, AFM, optical microscope and photoluminescence spectroscope(PL).

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.555-566
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• 2015

A TRIAC dimming LED driver that can control the brightness of LED arrays for a wide range of source voltage variations is proposed in this paper. Unlike conventional PWM LED drivers, the proposed LED driver adopts a TRIAC switch, which inherently guarantees zero current switching and has been proven to be quite reliable over its long lifetime. Unlike previous TRIAC type LED drivers, the proposed LED driver is composed of an LC input filter and a variable switched capacitance, which is modulated by the TRIAC turn-on timing. Thus, the LED power regulation and dimming control, which are done by a volume resistor in the same way as the conventional TRIAC dimmers, can be simultaneously performed by the TRIAC control circuit. Because the proposed LED driver has high efficiency and a long lifetime with a high power factor (PF) and low total harmonic distortion (THD) characteristics, it is quite adequate for industrial lighting applications such as streets, factories, parking garages, and emergency stairs. A simple step-down capacitive power supply circuit composed of passive components only is also proposed, which is quite useful for providing DC power from an AC source without a bulky and heavy transformer. A prototype 60 W LED driver was implemented by the proposed design procedure and verified by simulation and experimental results, where the efficiency, PF, and THD are 92%, 0.94, and 6.3%, respectively. The LED power variation is well mitigated to below ${\pm}2%$ for 190 V < $V_s$ < 250 V by using the proposed simple control circuit.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.869-877
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• 2020

A 24-month Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) core with a very-low-boron (VLB) concentration has been investigated for an inherently safe and high-performance PWR in this work. To develop a high-performance APR1400 which is able to do the passive frequency control operation, VLB feature is essential. In this paper, the centrally-shielded burnable absorber (CSBA) is utilized for an efficient VLB operation in the 24-month cycle APR1400 core. This innovative design of the VLB APR1400 core includes the optimization of burnable absorber and loading pattern as well as axial cutback for a 24-month cycle operation. In addition to CSBA, an Er-doped guide thimble is also introduced for partial management of the excess reactivity and local peaking factor. To improve the neutron economy of the core, two alternative radial reflectors are adopted in this study, which are SS-304 and ZrO₂. The core reactivity and power distributions for a 2-batch equilibrium cycle are analyzed and compared for each reflector design. Numerical results show that a VLB core can be successfully designed with 24-month cycle and the cycle length is improved significantly with the alternative reflectors. The neutronic analyses are performed using the Monte Carlo Serpent code and 3-D diffusion code COREDAX-2 with the ENDF/B-VII.1.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.42-55
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• 2023

The combination of blockchain (BC), artificial Intelligence (AI), quantum computing (QC), and the Internet of Things (IoT) can potentially transform various industries and domains, including healthcare, logistics, and finance. In this paper, we look at the trends and developments in integrating these emerging technologies and the potential benefits and challenges that come with them. We present a conceptual framework for integrating BC, AI, QC, and IoT and discuss the framework's key characteristics and challenges. We also look at the most recent cutting-edge research and developments in integrating these technologies, as well as the key challenges and opportunities that come with them. Our analysis highlights the potential benefits of integrating the technologies and looks to increased security, privacy, and efficiency to provide insights into the future of these technologies.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.2578-2590
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• 2023

In this work, a 24-month two-batch fuel management strategy for the APR1400 using LEU + has been investigated, where enrichments of 5.9 and 5.2 w/o are utilized in lieu of the conventional 4-5 w/o UO₂ fuel. In addition, an Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF) clad based on the swaging technology is applied to APR1400 fuel assemblies. In this special ATF clad design, both outer and inner SS316 layers protect the conventional zircaloy clad. Erbia (Er₂O₃) is introduced as a burnable absorber with two-fold goals to lower the critical boron concentration in the long-cycle LEU + loaded core as well as to handle the LEU + fuel in the existing front-end fuel facilities without renewing the license. Two types of fuel assemblies with different loading of gadolinia (Gd₂O₃) are considered to control both the reactivity and the core radial power distribution. The erbia burnable absorber is uniformly admixed with UO₂ in all fuel pins except for the gadolinia-bearing ones. In this study, two core designs were devised with different erbia loading, and core performance and safety parameters were evaluated for each case in comparison with a core design without any burnable absorbers. The core analysis was done using the two-step method. First, cross-sections are generated by the SERPENT 2 Monte Carlo code, and the 3-D neutronic analysis is performed with an in-house multi-physics nodal code KANT.