• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2003

This study investigates the seasonal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of pollutant load, as executing the quality valuation of pollutant load inflowing into Yeong-il Bay from on-land including the Hyeong-san River. Annual total pollutant generating rate from Yeong-il Bay region are 202ton-BOD/day, 620ton-SS/day, 42ton-TN/day, and 16ton-TP/day, respectively. Particularly, the generating ration of the pollutant loads from the Hyeong-san River is greater than that of any other watershed of the Yeong-il Bay, of which BOd is about 78.2％, SS 88.5％, T-N 62.5％, T-P 73.1％, As calculating Tank model with input value of daily precipitation and evaporation of 2001 year in drainage basin of the Hyeong-san River, the estimated result of the annual river discharge effluence from this river is 830106㎥, As a result to estimating annual effluence rate outflowing at the rivers from each drainage basin. annual inflow pollutant rates are 10,633ton-BOD/year, 19,302ton-SS/year, 15,369ton-TN/year, 305ton-TP/year, respectively. The population congestion region of the Pohang-city is a greater source of pollutant loads than the Neang-Chun region with wide drainage area. Therefore, the quantity of TN inflowing into Yeong-il Bay is much more than T-P. The accumulation of pollutant load effluenced from on-land will happen at the inner coast region of Yeon-il Bay. Finally, We would make a prediction that the water quality will take a bad turn.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.100-107
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• 2002

This study investigates the seasonal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of pollutant load, as executing the quantity valuation of pollutant load inflowing into Yeong-Il bay from on-land including the Hyeong-san river. Annual total pollutant generating rate from Yeong-Il bay region are 202ton to BOD, 620ton to SS, 42ton to T-N, 16ton to T-P respectively, if expressly point out, pollutant generating rate from the Hyeong-san river is the greatest, which BOD ratio is 78.2%, SS 88.5%, T-N 62.5%, T-P 73.1%. As calculating Tank model with input value of daily precipitation and evaporation of 2001 year in drainage basin of the Hyeong-san river, Estimated result of the annual total river discharge effluencing from this river is $830{\times}106m^3$. As result to estimating annual total effluence rate outflowing at the rivers from each drainage basins, annual total inflow pollutant rate are BOD 10,633ton, SS 19,302ton, T-N 15,369ton, T-P 305ton. The III basin which is population congestion region of the Pohang-city drain away a good many pollutant load than the V basin including the Neang-Chun with wide drainage area. Especially, a great many T-N than T-P inflow into Yeong-Il bay. The accumulation of pollutant load effluenced from on-land will happen on at the inner coast region of Yeong-Il bay, finally we would make a prediction that the water quality will take a bad turn.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.767-782
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• 2012

Accumulation of sediment within pipelines, manholes, and other components of urban sewer systems can have a bad influence on sewerage arrangements, such as the resistance of the passage of flows, the cause of urban flooding and the premature operation of combined sewer overflows, and the inevitable pollution of watercourses. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the movements and sedimentation of sediment loads in combining junction manholes by experiments. In this study, hydraulic experimental apparatus which can change the manhole shapes (square, circle) were installed to measure deposited sedimentation quantity. The quantity of deposited sediment loads was measured by different conditions, for instance, the inflow conditions of sediment (continuous and certain period), the amount of inflow sediment, and the variation of inflow pipe of sediment. The combining junction manhole that was set up a inclined benching have the considerable effect of reduction of sedimentation in manholes without apropos of the change of manhole shapes. Therefore, the improved manhole could be increased the drainage capacity of sewerage arrangements in urban sewer systems.

• KCID journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2011

The suitable area of forage crop field was calculated under the assumption that all of the liquied manure would be used to nutrient of crops at the Saemangeum crop-livestock complex. At first, Korean cattle and dairy cattle were selected and swine was excluded becausr of high pollution availability. When forage crop was calculated from nutrient amounts of manure of livestocks and standard applicable fertilizer quantity to the selected forage crops, 232ha (278ha including infrastructure part) was determined to be appropriate in case of 2500 heads of Korean cattle and 300 heads of dairy cattle were raised. From the result by that calculated ares (232ha) to forage crop feeding could be possible to the Korean cattle and dairy cattle feeding using TDN index, more than 217ha of forage crop fields would be satisfied nutritionally.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 1997

The nutrients runoff including nitrogen and phosphorous was investigated to find out the characteristics of nutrient discharge from the slurrigated area using digested animal manure. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1.The concentrations of T-N, $NH_4$- N, EC, T- P and Cl- were high in flood runoff. 2.The concentration of nutrients by the surface runoff, except for $NO_3$-N, showed a tendency of increasing when the period of dry days before the rain fall was long. And the concentration of N$NO_3$-N increased in the inflow section where subsurface drainage flowed in. 3.The quality of water was generally influenced by the discharge of water quantity from slurrigated area. However the runoff concentration influenced the water quality when it was high enough. 4.To reduce loss of the nutrients and improve the fertilization effect, it is not recommended to apply slurry in rainy season.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2003

Forest management starts from forest road facility, which is designated as generation source of muddy water in mountain stream during initial stage of establishment. Therefore, this study reviewed the effect of suspended sediment generated in forest road surface on the muddy water in mountain stream with respect to marsh area of forest. As a result, characteristics of outflow of suspended sediment was understood, and it was judged that generation of suspended sediment due to establishment of forest road is diluted by mountain stream this charged from drainage area so as to have small effect on muddy water in total mountain stream.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.183-199
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• 2015

Due to the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project, Nakdong River Estuary Barrage's designed flood quantity has been largely increased, and this has caused to construct several drainage gates at the right side of Eulsukdo island to secure the safety of downstream river area. For successful functioning of Nakdong River Estuary Barrage, such as flood control, disaster prevention, and the securing of sufficient water capacity, drainage gates at the both sides of island have to operate systematically and reliably. To manage this under restricted personnel and resources, we have implemented the IOS (Integrated Operation System) by integrating previous facilities and resources via information and communication technologies. The IOS has been designed to have higher availability and fault tolerance to function continuously even with the partial system's failure under the emergency situation like flood. Operators can use the system easily and acknowledge alarms of facilities through its IWS (Integrated Warning System) earlier. Preparing for Integrated Water Resources Management and Smart Water Grid, the architecture of IOS conformed to open system standards which will be helpful to link with the other systems easily.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.569-577
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• 2019

Urban flooding has been a frequent phenomenon in recent years caused by the increase in maximum stormwater runoff arising from abnormal rainfall due to global warming, urban development, and development of lowlands according to population inflows. In order to respond positively against abnormal precipition in the city, it is necessary to check the GWI (Green Water Infra) effect and effectively utilize the existing stormwater detention tanks and treat stormwater to prevent local flooding. In this study, Overflow Type stormwater drainage methods are evaluated as a method of preventing urban flooding in abnormal precipitation using the Dynamic Wave Analysis SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Comparing and analyzing the Upward Watergate Type and Overflow Type, it was analyzed that the Overflow Type reduces the maximum flood discharge by 61 % and the total flood volume by 56 % in the rainfall of Typhoon Kong-rey. The application of the Overflow Type and the natural-pneumatic drainage method to the rainfall of Typhoon Soulik resulted in a 20 % reduction in maximum flood runoff and a 67 % reduction in total flood quantity. Therefore, as a solution to the abnormal rain fall, it is possible to improve the existing stormwater detection tank and install additional facilities. It is expected to be economically possible to strom drainage under limited conditions.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.476-484
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of closed cultivation and open cultivation method and substrate type on the nutrient ion change pattern and growth of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) 'Scirocco' according to the reuse of drainage in hydroponics. The sowing, transplanting, and application of the closed and open cultivation method were carried out on August 19 and September 16, and October 21, 2021, respectively. As a result of the analysis of nutrients in the drainage, Na⁺ and Cl^- are representative ions that crops do not absorb properly, and as the growth progresses, they are accumulated in the closed method. In addition, since the content of NH₄-N in the drainage is significantly lower than that of NO₃-N, it is thought that NH₄-N is preferentially absorbed rather than NO₃-N due to the ion selectivity of sweet pepper. The growth and fruit characteristics of sweet pepper did not differ significantly between treatments according to the drainage reuse and the type of substrate. In conclusion, if you take care of poor fruiting due to the weakening of power after the middle period in hydroponic cultivation of sweet pepper according to the cultivation method of closed and open, and the substrate type of coir and rock wool, the difference between treatments is not large, so the sweet pepper can be produced by selecting the cultivation methods and substrate types suitable for the conditions of grower. However, as interest in environmental pollution has recently increased, it is judged that there is no need to worry about a decrease in quantity or quality, even if a closed cultivation method is adopted under the assumption that pathogen infection due to drainage reuse is well managed. It is expected that if coir is applied instead of rock wool, which causes a problem of disposal, it will further contribute to the reduction of environmental pollution.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2010

Modeling non-point pollution across multiple scales has become an important environmental issue. As a more representative and practical approach in quantifying and qualifying surface water, a modular neural network (MNN) was implemented in this study. Two different site-scales ($1.5\;{\times}\;10^5$ and $1.62\;{\times}\;10^6\;m^2$) with the same plants, soils, and paddy field management practices, were selected. Hydrologic data (rainfall, irrigation and surface discharge) and water quality data (time-series nutrient loadings) were continuously monitored and then used for the verification of MNN performance. Correlation coefficients (R) for the results predicted from the networks versus measured values were within the range of 0.41 to 0.95. The small block could be extrapolated to the large field for the rainfall-surface drainage process. Nutrient prediction produced less favorable results due to the complex phenomena of nutrients in the drainage water. However, the feasibility of using MNN to generate improved prediction accuracy was demonstrated if more hydrologic and environmental data are provided. The study findings confirmed the estimation accuracy of the upscaling from a small-segment block to large-scale paddy field, thereby contributing to the establishment of water quality management for sustainable agriculture.