• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Plant factory system of an artificial light type using Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), fluorescent light, or metal halide lamp instead of sun light is an ultimated method for plant production without any pesticides regardless of seasonal changes. The plant factory is also completely isolated from outside environmental conditions such as a light, temperature, or humidity compared to conventional greenhouse. Light-environment control such as a quality or quantity in the plant factory system is essential for improving the growth and development of plant species. However, there was little report that the effects of various light qualities provided by LEDs on Ledebouriella seseloides growth under the plant factory system. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ledebouriella seseloides seedlings transplanted at urethane sponge were grown in the plant factory system of a horizontal type with LED artificial lights for 90 days. Yamazaki solution for hydroponic culture of the seedlings was regularly irrigated by the deep flow technique (DFT) system on the culture gutters. Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH of the solution was recorded at 1.4 ds/m and 5.8 in average, respectively during the experimental period. Number of unfolded leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh and dry weight of the seedlings were three times measured in every 30 days after beginning of the experiment. Blue LEDs, red LEDs, and fluorescent lights inside the plant factory were used as light sources. Conventional fluorescent lamps were considered as a control. In all the treatment, light intensity was maintained at $100{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ on the culture bed. Fresh weight of the seedlings was 3.7 times greater in the treatment with the mixture radiation of fluorescent light and blue+red LEDs (1:3 in energy ratio; Treatment FLBR13) than in fluorescent light treatment (Treatment FL). In FLBR13 treatment, dry weight per seedling was two times greater than in FL or BR11 treatment of blue+red LEDs (1:3 in energy ratio; Treatment BR11) during the culture period. Increasing in number of unfolded leaves was also significantly affected by the FLBR13 treatment comparing with BR11 treatment. CONCLUSION(S): Hydroponic culture of Ledebouriella seseloides seedlings was successfully achieved in the plant factory system with mixture lights of blue, red LEDs and fluorescent lights. Shoot growth of the seedlings was significantly promoted by the FLBR13 with the mixture radiation of fluorescent light, blue, and red LEDs under 1:3 mixture ratio of blue and red LEDs during the experimental period compared to conventional light conditions.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2016

Light shows various optical behaviors such as reflection, absorption, and scattering on skin for individuals. In particular, reflection of light from the skin has been widely used as the brightness index of the skin of individuals through the measurement of the physical quantity of spectral reflectance. Therefore, the study of light behavior on skin would be useful for the preparation of new evaluation method in the development stage of make-up products. In this study, multi-dimensional analysis for spectral reflectance behavior of light on individual skin was performed using Kubelka-Munk model. Also, we analyzed the contribution of skin parameters such as skin thickness and hemoglobin, which could affect the spectral reflectance, using above model and literature information. Base on this, we calculated the theoretical reflectance of normal women for visual light, which showed good agreement with the measured reflectance. Our study of light propagation in skin based on Kubelka-Munk model provides useful insight for the development of personalized cosmetic in the near future.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2020

The vertical garden is an environment where plants have many limitations in their growth. In particular, the upper and lower parts of the foundation are characterized by unbalanced moisture distribution. And although it may vary depending on the installation location of the light, generally the base of the light is not in desperate need for plants to grow due to shade. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical characteristics of the vertical garden based on Felt through experiments, classify the location characteristics of the media, and suggest the method of installing the water quantity water frequency, and lighting according to the location characteristics of the foundation. As a result, it was found to be most appropriate to use a 4mm base for the vertical garden and to have an irrigation of about 10 minutes once every 6 hours. In addition, it was found that in order to create a light condition for sufficient growth of plants, light bulbs should be installed at the upper and lower parts of the foundation. As a result of irrigation and lighting tests, the results of the above-mentioned plants need to be referred to in selecting plants that are introduced to vertical gardens, as the results show that the upper part of the foundation has a lower moisture rate and a stronger light than the lower part, and the lower part has a higher moisture rate and a weaker light than the upper part. In the future, we would like to present more accurate methods of selecting and maintaining plants by conducting plant experiments using the underlying characteristics found in this study.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.133-147
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• 2005

Various types of ray-tracing methods are used to predict the quantity measures of radiation illumination, the uniformity of illumination, radiation performance of LCD BLU(Hack-Light Unit). The uniformity of radiation illumination is one of the most important design factor of BLU and is usually controlled by the diffusive-ink pattern printed on the bottom of light-guide panel of BLU. Therefore it is desirable to produce an improved (ideally, the optimal) ink pattern to achieve the best uniformity of radiation illumination. In this paper, we applied the Welder-Mead simplex-search method among various direct search method to compute the optimal ink pattern. Direct search methods are widely used to optimize the functions which are often highly nonlinear, unpredictably discontinuous, and nondifferentiable, The ink-pattern controlling the uniformity of radiation illumination is one type of these functions. In this paper, we found that simplex search methods are well suited to computing the optimal diffusive-ink pattern. In extensive numerical testing, we have found the simplex search method to be reasonably efficient and reliable at computing the optimal diffusive-ink pattern. The result also suggests that optimization can improve the functionality of simulation tools which are used to design LCD BLU.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 1997

This paper surveys the extraction condition of polygenetic natural dye, Sappan Wood and the effect of ash to the dyeability and fastness. The appropriate time for extracting Sappon Wood was 1hour. The pH was increased as the amount of ash increase. The pH was nearly invariable according to the time of ash solution, the extracting times and temperature. Absorbance of dyeing fabrics was about 480nm. From the result of K/S value determination of fabrics, 10g/$\ell$ quantity of ash was surfficient for treatment and the amount of Sappon Wood was in 100% o.w.f.. K/S value of fabrics pre-mordanted or post-mordanted were higher than that of fabrics simultaneous mordanted.K/S value was increased as pH of mordanting bath decrease and pre-mordanting and post-mordanting fabrics increased the amount of absorption (K/S value) compared with non-mordanted fabrics. It was found that pH of mordanting bath affected the amount of absorption and color change of dyed fabrics. Light fastness of fabric dyed was very poor and the fastness of fabric dyed was not influenced by the mordanting conditions and methods.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.511-511
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• 2000

The equipment is used for testing the electrical characteristics of solar cells that were connected to be a solar panel, which can be found anywhere of solar power plant. This device was built from power switch devices f3r sinking the high current of the solar panel. The processor is a controller, which controls the quantity of the current, which flow through the switching devices and collect the characteristic of the solar panel. The tester can measure the current, voltage, temperature, and light intensity, which are main factors that affect the electrical characteristics of solar cells. 12 bits resolution signal converter is used to change the measuring levels so we can change measuring levels to 4096 levels, and these data are stored in tile memory. The equipment can also calculate the maximum power of the solar system panel.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.63-66
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• 2001

Photovoltaic System does military exploit that use heliometer light and is clearness source of energy. Photovoltatic System is no noise, shock among is several Substitute energy and after establishment maintenance having simple special quality, is applied in many fields. However, while Photovoltatic System is having these advantage, but react sensitively in effect of Photovoltaic scanning Quantity, temperature change etc.. surrounding environment, when did not satisfy condition, express indefinite output price. Consider voltage$\cdot$current output measurement value and temperature revision calculation by temperature change of existing photovoltaic system and change of output price of when did Simulation analyzed comparison.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.10 s.241
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• pp.1130-1138
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• 2005

A national standard system for the petroleum field has been developed to calibrate and test the oil flow meters in Korea. The operating system and the uncertainty of the system were evaluated by the peer reviewers of foreign national metrology institutes in 2002. Since the characteristics of the system might be changed by time, the uncertainty of the system is reevaluated with the consideration of the long term stability of the system. It is found that the system has a relative expanded uncertainty of 0.048 $\%$ in the range of $15\~120\;m^3/h$. According to the uncertainty budget, the uncertainties of the fluid density and the final mass measurement, which are temperature dependent, contribute about $94\%$ of the total uncertainty in the oil flow standard system

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Firstly, this article expounds that business service industry plays an important role in adjusting industrial structure, transforming mode of economic growth, improving people's living standards, enhancing Enterprise's Kernel Competitiveness and promoting the development of service industry. Then it analyzes the development of business services in Shandong from two perspectives. The first perspective, by using methodology for statistical analysis, it will review the development scale, professional level, the number of opening units, quantity of employment, and operating revenue of business services in Shandong. On this basis, the article will summarize its development characteristics, experience and existing shortcomings. The second perspective, by using comparison analysis methodology, to compare the development of Shandong with Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Shanghai's and found the subjective and objective factors that restrict the development of business service industry in Shandong. In the light of restricting factors, countermeasures have been developed based on the experience at home and abroad. These countermeasures will contribute to promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, improving industrial competitiveness and speeding up the economic development rapidly and stably.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 2015

The following research focused on developing a new concept of lighting design with design factors which considered combining common natural objects with feelings. The purpose of this research is to write a thesis that deals with the whole process of developing a design for 'FEELighting' that is applicable to daily life through developing a form of lighting, which prioritizes feelings rather than materials, forms, or functions, and enhance the quality of people's lives. In particular, the process has been materialized by defining a new concept of 'FEELighting' (Feeling + Lighting), researching and analyzing the original and unfamiliar correlation between feeling and lighting, and choosing the embedded acrylics lighting items that can undergo small quantity batch production. As a result, prototypes of various forms of lightings that could be applied to daily lives -ceiling lights, wall light lamps, and table lamps-, which were made by combining numerous common natural objects and surpassed simple function and created to surpass simple lighting function, were presented through every process of design development.