• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.2038-2045
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• 2021

The main objective of this work is to propose a reliable routine standard operation procedures (SOP) for structural health monitoring and diagnosis of nuclear power plants (NPPs). At present, NPPs have monitoring systems that can be used to obtain the quantitative health record of containment (CTMT) buildings through system identification technology. However, because the measurement signals are often interfered with by noise, the identification results may introduce erroneous conclusions if the measured data is directly adopted. Therefore, this paper recommends the SOP for signal screening and the required identification procedures to identify the dynamic characteristics of the CTMT of NPPs. In the SOP, three recommend methods are proposed including the Recursive Least Squares (RLS), the Observer Kalman Filter Identification/Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (OKID/ERA), and the Frequency Response Function (FRF). The identification results can be verified by comparing the results of different methods. Finally, a preliminary CTMT healthy record can be established based on the limited number of earthquake records. It can be served as the quantitative reference to expedite the restart procedure. If the fundamental frequency of the CTMT drops significantly after the Operating Basis Earthquake and Safe Shutdown Earthquake (OBE/SSE), it means that the restart actions suggested by the regulatory guide should be taken in place immediately.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.264-271
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate morphological characteristics of Korean local garlic varieties and to define the genetic variability and the correlations amongthe characters associated with yield. The plant height, the leaf sheath diameter, the nubmer of leaves, and bulb weight were significantly increased in the garlic plants from heavier seed bulbs. The proportation of six clove bulbs was more than 60% in Seosan variety and this was not realted with the number of cloves in seed bulb. While more than 70% bulbs in Jeoksung and Danyang varieties cultivated in paddy field were composed of 6 or 7 cloves, majority of the bulbs of Euisung and Danyang varieties cultivated in upland were composed of bulbs with 7 cloves or more. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were observed in bulb weight. GCV and PCV also showed high value in leaf sheath diameter. Thus, there is a greater scope for selection of these characters. The small difference between PCV and GCV values in plant height indicates that the environmental influence would be limited in this character. High heritability was observed of plant height (56.76%) and bulb weight (45.95%). And the weight per bulb (34.24%) exhibited highest genitic advance followed by leaf sheath diameter (18.8%) and plant height (9.61%), and those would be the ideal characters for selelction.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to applicate fundamental data for breeding new cultivar through selection of superior individuals and to investigate its nut characteristics in walnut hybrids. Selection of superior individuals with good nut qualities including high nut weight (NWT, >13g) and percentage of weight relative to total weight of nut (PWR, >50%) was carried out and then 4 promising individuals ($Sansung 4{\times}Concord-8,\;Concord{\times}Sansungl,\;Concord{\times}Sansung4\;and\;McKinster{\times}Punghan1$) were selected by quantitative characters. Especially width of pad of suture was main factor in selection of nut with high PWR (percentage of weight relative to total weight of nut) In addition, kernel length showed high correlation with kernel and nut weight. Thickness of septem (TOP) also had an effect on ease of kernel removal (EKR). In qualitative characters, there is a great difference among the individuals and cross combinations as well as showed simultaneously various characteristics in the same individual.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.230-247
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• 2018

We conducted principal component analyses using the quantitative characteristics of the genus Sorbaria to investigate and explore morphological variation and diagnostic characteristics. The genus Sorbaria was divided into two groups based on erect or pendulous inflorescence, the existence of hairs on the ovary and follicle surfaces, the number of stamens, and the shape of the sepal. As a result of our investigation and of a morphometric analysis, these two groups could be also classified using quantitative characteristics, in this case the number of leaflets, the size of the leaflets, the width of the inflorescence, the size of the sepal, the petal, and the follicles and seeds. In the Sorbifolia group (S. grandiflora and S. sorbifolia complex), the size of lateral leaflets, number of veins, gland and stellate density on the abaxial surface of leaflets, and the petal and follicle size were found to be useful identification characteristics. The terminal and lateral leaflet size and the gland and stellate density on the abaxial surface of the leaflets were found to be characters of taxonomic value for the Kirilowii group (S. arborea complex, S. kirilowii, and S. tomentosa complex). The results of the numerical analysis conducted here can provide valuable information to those reconsidering and delimiting a taxonomic revision of the genus Sorbaria.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1218-1230
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• 2021

Cold-adapted plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) with multiple functions are an important resource for microbial fertilizers with low-temperature application. In this study, culturable cold-adapted PGPB strains with nitrogen fixation and phosphorus solubilization abilities were isolated. They were screened from root and rhizosphere of four dominant grass species in nondegraded alpine grasslands of the Qilian Mountains, China. Their other growth-promoting characteristics, including secretion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), production of siderophores and ACC deaminase, and antifungal activity, were further studied by qualitative and quantitative methods. In addition, whether the PGPB strains could still exert plant growth-promoting activity at 4℃ was verified. The results showed that 67 isolates could maintain one or more growth-promoting traits at 4℃, and these isolates were defined as cold-adapted PGPB. They were divided into 8 genera by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, of which Pseudomonas (64.2%) and Serratia (13.4%) were the common dominant genera, and a few specific genera varied among the plant species. A test-tube culture showed that inoculation of Elymus nutans seedlings with cold-adapted PGPB possessing different functional characteristics had a significant growth-promoting effect under controlled low-temperature conditions, including the development of the roots and aboveground parts. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that different growth-promoting characteristics made different contributions to the development of the roots and aboveground parts. These cold-adapted PGPB can be used as excellent strain resources suitable for the near-natural restoration of degraded alpine grasslands or agriculture stock production in cold areas.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.10 no.S_2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2001

The solidification and leaching characteristics of cyclone ash collected from an industrial incineration plant were investigated. Cement and calcium hydroxide were used as the solidifying materials. The leaching characteristics of the solidified cyclone ash were found to vary depending on both the quantitative and the qualitative aspects of the solidifying materials. Except for copper and lead, all the heavy metal ions in the leachate of the solidified material composed of 10~20 % cement or 10~20 % calcium hydroxide were found to be within their standard limit. Moreover, all the heavy metal ions were also observed to be within satisfactory limits in the leachate obtained from the solidified material composed of 30 % cement or 30 % calcium hydroxide. Therefore, to satisfy the standard compressive intensity and permissible limits of heavy metal ions leached from solidified material, it would appear that a 30 % proportion of either additive in the solidification product can meet the required standard for the leachate. The cost of solidifying cyclone ash per ton for ash-30 % cement and ash-30 % lime was calculated as 26,750 and 26,070 won, respectively. Accordingly, significant reduction in the waste toxicity and mobility as well as an improvement in the engineering properties of the solidified products were successfully achieved.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.547-552
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of fertilization on characteristics of growth and accumulation of anthocyanin in fruit of Omija (Schisandra chinensis Baillon). Nitrogen supply mainly affected growth of fruit and the anthocyanin content in Omija respective of vegetative growth steps. The anthocyanin content in fruit was significantly low in high N supply and non-fertilization. The conjunctive supply of nitrogen and compost tea resulted in a higher anthocyanin content of fruit, total nitrogen content of leaf, and nitrate in soil. This result implies that nitrogen supply to Omija plant, affects the accumulation patterns of anthocyanin in different ways, e.g. it delays the quantitative biosynthesis at low nitrogen supply during fruit maturation or enhances anthocyanin degradation during the final maturation steps.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1993

In order to survey possibility to produce saikosaponin from in vitro hairy root culture, culture of callus, adventitous root, and hairy root of Bupleurum falcatum L. were estabilished, and quantitative and qualitative aspects in saikosaponin extracted from these were compared with those of cultivated root. Callus grew well in MS medium containing 0.9 $\mu$M 2, 4-D. In contrast, both of adventitous root and hairy root grew well in hormone-free MS medium. However, hairy root showed more rapid growth with extensive lateral root branches, characteristics of lower content of water and softer than in adventitous root. Among the selected lines of adventitous root and hairy root were observed difference in the growth rate. Mannopine, one of opine synthesized in the transformed tissue with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. A4 were detected in the extract of hairy root lines. Pattern and content of crude saponin from adventitous and hairy root showed no difference, but somewhat difference from those of cultivated root. However, in callus, distinct production-aspect of saponin was not observed.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.81-91
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• 1999

Fuel characteristics of sewage sludge as required for the fluidized bed incinerators have been evaluated. Sewage sludge is basically a solid fuel with high percentage of moisture. Moisture content of the fuel directly affects the heating value of the fuel and the exhaust gas composition. When the sludge of transported into the incinerator, sludge cake is subject to the mixing, break-up and heat-up. Fluidization process would enhance these physical processes. The sludge fuel could then undergo the moisture evaporation and devolatilization process. Subsequent oxidation of volatiles as well as the remaining char would then follow. Sludge samples are characterized with high percentage of volatiles out of total combustibles. Quantitative understanding of above listed subprocesses would certainly help in the utilization of fluidized bed incinerators. A limited set of fuel characterization tests including calorimetric analysis, proximate analysis, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted for the selected sludge samples. The measurement reasults of sludge samples were reported along with some published data. Limited experience in the actual incinerator plant is also presented.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.53.1-53.12
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• 2023

Background: Mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 (MRV3), which is responsible for gastroenteritis in many mammalian species including pigs, has been isolated from piglets with severe diarrhea. However, the use of pig-derived cells as an infection model for swine-MRV3 has rarely been studied. Objectives: This study aims to establish porcine intestinal organoids (PIOs) and examine their susceptibility as an in vitro model for intestinal MRV3 infection. Methods: PIOs were isolated and established from the jejunum of a miniature pig. Established PIOs were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) to confirm the expression of small intestine-specific genes and proteins, such as Lgr5, LYZI, Mucin-2, ChgA, and Villin. The monolayered PIOs and three-dimensional (3D) PIOs, obtained through their distribution to expose the apical surface, were infected with MRV3 for 2 h, washed with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, and observed. Viral infection was confirmed using PCR and IFA. We performed quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR to assess changes in viral copy numbers and gene expressions linked to intestinal epithelial genes and antiviral activity. Results: The established PIOs have molecular characteristics of intestinal organoids. Infected PIOs showed delayed proliferation with disruption of structures. In addition, infection with MRV3 altered the gene expression linked to intestinal epithelial cells and antiviral activity, and these effects were observed in both 2D and 3D models. Furthermore, viral copy numbers in the supernatant of both models increased in a time-dependent manner. Conclusions: We suggest that PIOs can be an in vitro model to study the infection mechanism of MRV3 in detail, facilitating pharmaceutical development.