• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.277-287
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• 2018

Pelvic floor muscle is the main sub-system that maintains urinary continence. The weakness of pelvic floor muscles causes the stress urinary incontinence, and therefore the degree of functioning of pelvic floor muscles could be used as an index to assess the degree of stress urinary incontinence. In this study, the quantitative diagnosis algorithm was proposed to estimate the degree of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) by measuring the contraction pressure of pelvic floor muscle. For these reason, the contraction pressure measurement system from pelvic floor muscle was developed, and the measuring protocol was suggested to analysis the obtained data. As the results of clinical test, the proposed diagnosis algorithm shows the 80% of accuracy, and 20% of false positive diagnosis. On the other hand, false negative results were not confirmed. Consequentially, we thought that the proposed urinary incontinence diagnosis algorithm can quantitatively diagnose the progression of the stress urinary incontinence and it can be used for the development of the incontinence diagnosis system.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.276-289
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• 1998

Purpose: To evaluate dysphagia objectively and quantitatively, and to clarify the effect of neck position and viscosity changes in patients with aspiration and laryngeal penetration. Materials and Methods: We studied 35 patients with dysphagia and 21 normal controls using videofluoroscopy and scintigraphy. Videofluoroscopy was performed with barium with three different viscosity, and scintigraphy was done with water, yogurt, and steamed egg mixed with Tc-99m tin colloid. If aspiration was found during videofluoroscopic examination, patient's neck position was changed and study repeated. Videofluoroscopy was analyzed qualitatively. We calculated 7 quantitative parameters from scintigraphy. According to the videofluoroscopic findings, we divided patients into 3 subgroups; aspiration, laryngeal penetration, and no-aspiration group. Results: The result of videofluoroscopy revealed that the most common finding was the delay in triggering pharyngeal swallow. Pharyngeal transit time (PTT) and pharyngeal swallowing efficiency(PSE) in patients with aspiration were signifi-cantly different from other groups. After neck position change, aspiration could be reduced in all of 7 patients, and laryngeal penetration reduced by about 82%. PTT and PSE were also improved after position change. Aspiration and laryngeal penetration occurred more frequently in thin liquid swallowing than in thick liquid and solid swallowing. Conclusion: PTT and PSE were useful for the evaluation of dysphagia. Aspiration and laryngeal penetration could be reduced when appropriate position assumed. We could decrease the chance of aspiration by changing the patient diet consistency. Scintigraphy might be useful tool to quantitate and follow up these changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2016

Ultrasound devices diagnose many disease, which is widely used, can not be standardized quantitative evaluated in order to evaluate sonography image of quality. Therefore, in this papers, aims to get correct image in order to accurate diagnosis by figuring out the appropriate parameter based on each target by measuring distortion which results in the analyzation of the sensitivity of SNR and the histogram of signal by manipulating parameter of 8 mm target in ATS-539 multipurpose phantom. Equipment using Acuson sequoia 512, convex probe and utilizes multi-objective phantom. experiment method is that first you put the phantom on the flat and acquire 85 sheets of image, changing frequency(2,3,4 MHz, harmonic 3, 4, 4.5 MHz), Focus(2, 4, 6 unit), and Dynamic Range(58, 68, 78, 88, 98) for a 8 mm structure. through the Image J program. The sensitivity angle of 8mm target through Image J program is gauged by each separate target SNR and the distorted angle subtract and measure Histogram of background from Histogram of signal and take top 40% from the given result value above. According to parameter variation we found out proper parameter by acquiring SNR of sensitivity and distortion data for aspect of transition. The more this findings have Focus, the lower distortion value and at 4 MHz frequency this result have high SNR and low distortion value. Dynamic Range got an appropriate image on 88 and 98. It is considered on the basis of the experimental data, the probability of disease diagnosis will get higher.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.369-374
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• 2015

In this study we proposed a texture feature analysis algorithm that distinguishes between a normal image and a diseased image using CT images of some brain hemorrhage patients, and generates both Eigen images and test images which can be applied to the proposed computer aided diagnosis system in order to perform a quantitative analysis for 6 parameters. And through the analysis, we derived and evaluated the recognition rate of CT images of brain hemorrhage. As the results of examining over 40 example CT images of brain hemorrhage, the recognition rates representing a specific texture feature-value are as follows: some appeared to be as high as 100% including average gray level, average contrast, smoothness, and Skewness while others showed a little low disease recognition rate: 95% for uniformity and 87.5% for entropy. Consequently, based on this research result, if a software that enables a computer aided diagnosis system for medical images is developed, it will lead to the availability for the automatic detection of a diseased spot in CT images of brain hemorrhage and quantitative analysis. And they can be used as computer aided diagnosis data, resulting in the increased accuracy and the shortened time in the stage of final reading.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.387-396
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• 2005

The aims of the study were to establish a short-term screening test for detecting testicular toxicity of chemicals in rats and to determine whether a 2-week administration period is sufficient to detect testicular toxicity of 2-bromopropane (2-BP) as an example. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously administered with 1000 mg/kg/day of 2-BP or its vehicle for 2 weeks. Ten male rats each were sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 14 after the initiation of treatment. Parameters of testicular toxicity included genital organ weights, testicular sperm head counts, epididymal sperm counts, motility and morphology, and qualitative and quantitative histopathologic examinations. The early histopathological changes observed on day 3 of treatment included degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, multinuclear giant cells, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, and decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V. On day 7 of treatment, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, exfoliation of germ cells, degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, multinuclear giant cells, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V, and decreased number of spermatocytes in stages VII and XII. On day 14 after treatment, a significant decrease in the weights of testes and seminal vesicles was found. Atrophy of seminiferous tubules, exfoliation of germ cells, degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V, and decreased number of spermatocytes in all spermatogenic stages were also observed. In addition, a slight non-significant decrease in testicular sperm head counts, daily sperm production rate and epididymal sperm counts was found. The results showed that 2 weeks of treatment is sufficient to detect the adverse effects of 2-BP on male reproductive organs. It is considered that the short-term testicular toxicity study established in this study can be a useful tool for screening the testicular toxic potential of new drug candidates in rats.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2001

The authors attempted to derive a comprehensive quantitative structure-toxicity relationships (QSTRs) between various physicochemical parameters of phenyl substituents in fungicidal phenylthionocarbamate derivatives and toxicity evaluated using TOPKAT calculation. On the basis of this approach we made preditions for toxicity values for not yet tested substances with respect to these systems. The results suggested that the optimal values, $(B_2)_{opt.}=1.54_{\AA}$(Ames mutagenicity), $(R)_{opt.}=0.16$ (car-cinogenicity of male rat), $(\pi)_{opt.)=0.16$ (carcinogenicity of male mouse), $({\varepsilon}LOMO)_{opt}=-0.52e.v.$ ($LD_{50}$ of rat oral), $(B_3){opt.}=1.54_{\AA}$(chronic LOAEU), $(logP)_{opt.}=4.25$ ($LC_{50}$ of Fathead minnow) and $({\sigma})_{opt}=-0.68$ ($EC_{50}$ of Daphnia magna) of phenyl substituents were strongly correlated with the acute and chronic toxicities.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.155-166
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• 2020

In this study, we applied the Radar-AWS Rainrates (RAR), weather radar-based quantitative precipitation estimations (QPEs), to the Yongdam study watershed in order to perform the flood runoff simulation and calculate the inflow of the dam during flood events using hydrologic model. Since the Yongdam study watershed is a representative area of the mountainous terrain in South Korea and has a relatively large number of monitoring stations (water level/flow) and data compared to other dam watershed, an accurate analysis of the time and space variability of radar rainfall in the mountainous dam watershed can be examined in the flood modeling. HEC-HMS, which is a relatively simple model for adopting spatially distributed rainfall, was applied to the hydrological simulations using HEC-GeoHMS and ModClark method with a total of eight independent flood events that occurred during the last five years (2014 to 2018). In addition, two NCL and Python script programs are developed to process the radar-based precipitation data for the use of hydrological modeling. The results demonstrate that the RAR QPEs shows rather underestimate trends in larger values for validation against gauged observations (R² 0.86), but is an adequate input to apply flood runoff simulation efficiently for a dam watershed, showing relatively good model performance (E_NS 0.86, R² 0.87, and PBIAS 7.49%) with less requirements for the calibration of transform and routing parameters than the spatially averaged model simulations in HEC-HMS.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1372-1380
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 자연언어 문장의 객관적 정량적인 질 측정 방법의 구축에 대해 설명하고, 이를 문장 퇴고 시스템의 사례에 적용해 본다. 문장의 질을 평가한다는 것은 본질적으로 주관적이고 정량화가 어려운 작업이기 때문에, 이 과정에서 질의 객관적 계량화가 가능한지 여부가 가장 중요한 문제가 된다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 진화적 접근 방법을 통해 객관적이고 정량적인 질의 측정 공식을 유도하는 방법론을 제시하였다. 이 논문에서 제시한 방법론의 핵심은 간단히 말해서 사람이 행하는 정성적인 판단을, 이에 가장 근접하는 정량적 측정 체계로 전환시키는 것이라고 보면 된다. 이것을 위해 정량화 문제를 문장의 단순 언어 특징들의 변화값을 이용한 최적화 문제로 환원시키고, 다시 이 최적화 문제를 유전자 알고리즘을 이용해 해결함으로써 문제를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있었다. 실험 결과를 보면, 본 논문에서 제시한 최적화 방법은 주어진 훈련용 예제와 검증용 예제 중 각각 99.84%, 99.88%를 만족시키는 해를 찾아내었으므로 정량적 질 평가 공식의 유도에 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 도출된 측정 공식을 이용해서 실제 퇴고 시스템 평가에 적용한 결과 문장 질의 측정에 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같이 질의 정량적 평가가 가능하다는 사실이 갖는 또 한가지 중요한 의미는 최종 사용자의 구매 의사나 개발자의 공학적 의사 결정을 위한 객관적 성능 평가 자료의 제공에 이 방법이 유용하게 사용될 수 있다는 점이다.Abstract This paper describes a method of building a quantitative measure of the quality of natural language sentences, particularly produced by document revision systems. Evaluating the quality of natural language sentences is intrinsically subjective, so what is most important as to the evaluation is whether the quality can be measured objectively. To solve such problem of objective measurability, genetic algorithm, an evolutionary learning method, is employed in this paper. The underlying standpoint of this approach is that building the quality measures is a task of constructing a formulae that produces as close results as can to the qualitative decisions made by humans. For doing this, the problem of measurability has been simply reduced to an optimization problem using the change of the values of simple linguistic parameters found in sentences, and the reduced problem has been solved effectively by the genetic algorithm. Experimental result shows that the optimization task satisfied 99.84% and 99.88% of the given objectives for training and validation samples, respectively, which means the method is quite effective in constructing the quantitative measure of the quality of natural language sentences. The actual evaluation result of a revision system shows that the measure is useful to quantize the quality of sentences. Another important contribution of this measure would be to provide an objective performance evaluation data of natural language systems on a basis of which end-users and developers can make their decision to fit their own needs.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.606-614
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• 2019

A mixing ratio of the oil in water (O/W) emulsion of palm oil and the non-ionic surfactant (Tween-Span type) possessing different hydrophile-lipophilie balance (HLB) values was evaluated in this work. An optimum condition was determined through analysis of main and interaction effects of each quantitative factor using central composite design model-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Quantitative factors used by CCD-RSM were an emulsification time, emulsification speed, HLB value and amount of surfactant. On the other hand, the reaction parameters were the viscosity and mean droplet size of O/W emersion. Optimized conditions obtained from CCD-RSM were the emulsification time of 12.7 min, emulsification speed of 5,551 rpm, HLB value of 8.0 and amount of surfactant of 5.7 wt.%. Ideal experimental results under the optimized experimental condition were the viscosity of 1,551 cP and mean droplet size of 432 nm which satisfy the targeted values. The average error value from our actual experiment for verifying the conclusions was below to 2.5%. Therefore, a high favorable level could be obtained when the CCD-RSM was applied to the optimized palm oil to water emulsification.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2007

In this study, quantitative sensitivity analysis on rockfill material influencing the dam crest settlement of CFRD (Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dam) subjected to earthquake loading was carried out. The purpose of this study is to indicate the most important input parameter from the results of sensitivity analysis, to show the quantitative variation of settlement at the crest of CFR type dam during earthquake with this input parameter, and to recommend the approximate estimation method of the settlement on the crest of CFRD subjected to earthquake loading. The statistic characteristics of rockfill parameters which were obtained from large triaxial tests were evaluated. The total 108 dynamic numerical analyses (2 input earthquake, 2 magnitudes for each earthquake, 27 rockfill material property combinations) on CFRD were conducted. The global sensitivity analysis was carried out using the results of numerical analysis. From the sensitivity analysis, It was found that the crest settlement of the CFRD subjected to earthquake was absolutely affected by the shear modulus of rockfill material irrespective of the input earthquakes and the magnitude of input acceleration. On the contrary, it was found that the effect of cohesion and friction angle of rockfill was negligible. From the results of sensitivity analysis and numerical analysis, the approximate estimation method of the settlement on the crest of CFRD subjected to earthquake loading was recommended on condition that the rockfill shear modulus and simple dam information was known.