• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2018

The study is conducted to establish the National Protected Areas Integrated System(NPAIS) which includes National Protected Areas(NPAs) and other conservation measures in terms of effective ways for biodiversity conservation. Additionally, it is carried out to evaluate progress toward quantitative expansion goals in Aichi biodiversity Target 11. The NPAIS consists of NPAs and other effective area-based conservation measures(OECMs). There are two different types of OECMs. OECMs type I, including water-source protection Areas(WPA), riparian zones(RZ), fishery-resource protection zones (FPZ), and urban natural park zones(UNPZ), is a potential protected area which is recommended to be incorporated into the NPAs for effective management. OECMs type II means development restriction zones(DRZ), natural recreation forests(NRF), and buffer zones for Korea national arboretum(BKNA). As a result of evaluating the quantitative expansion goals of the NPAIS, terrestrial and inland water protected areas exceed 17% of the quantitative goal in Aichi biodiversity Target 11. The larger the area of individual OECMs and the lower the degree of overlap with NPAs, the higher the contribution of them to the terrestrial and inland water protected areas. DRZ contributes to enlarge more than 3% of quantitative expansion. And RZ and NRF contribute more than 1%. The marine protected areas are expanded by $1,425km^2$ through FPZ, but the expanded area is very small as comparing with the total marine area. It adds only 0.321% to the quantitative expansion. The rest of OECMs also has very poor quantitative expansion contributions in the marine area. Consequently, the NPAIS is effective for quantitative expansion of land areas, but not for marine areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.43-58
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• 2017

This study aims to provide basic understanding for evaluating the quantitative and qualitative progress of national protected areas, through the theoretical review of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in order to comply with recommendations of international community and to conserve biodiversity. As a result of the study, Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 sets out the specific contents that the Parties should achieve for protected areas by identifying them as temporal and spatial goals. The temporal goal, the time schedule for achieving the goal, is 2020, and the spatial goal is divided into quantitative expansion goals and qualitative improvement goals. The quantitative expansion goals present the target coverage of protected areas separately terrestrial and marine. The qualitative improvement goals include the target areas for conservation and five conservation considerations. The conservation targets focus on the important areas with regard to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The five conservation considerations mean effective management, equitable management, ecological representativeness, connectivity, and integration into the landscape and seascape for protected areas. Finally, it suggests that two tracks of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures(OECMs) should be used as conservation measures to build an integrated system. The results of this study can be applied to quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods for protected areas and it can contribute to achieve quantitative expansion goals and qualitative improvement goals for them.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.742-743
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• 2015

Korean construction industry has developed with national economy growth for a couple of decades. However, because of slump of real estate, the domestic construction industry was intimidated. In this situation, many construction company has no choice but to go abroad to find construction projects. However, almost small or medium-sized construction companies are very hard to operate their business because they have small funding ability and weak labor power. Therefore, this study aims to propose an assessment tool through analyzing risk factors of overseas construction projects for small or medium-sized companies by examining preceding research and interviewing industry experts. Weights of the risk factors are determined through the surveys of the industry practitioners. All of the data is configured into the assessment tool and this converts the quantitative information which leads to the optimal of strategies choice. This paper provides a quantitative measurement of possible performance and detailed assessment of each itemized risk factors. This assessment tool is qualified for industry experts so that it can safely be applied to the future projects. Ultimately, many small or medium sized construction companies will benefit from the tool proposed in this study to examine the potential of the overseas market expansion.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.31-56
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• 2020

Does financial development contribute to economic growth? The literature finds that an expansion in financial resources is useful for economic growth if the degree of financial development is under a certain threshold; otherwise, the expansion is detrimental to growth. Almost every published study, however, considers country-panel data. Accordingly, the results are not directly applicable to the Korean economy. By examining Korean time-series data, this paper finds that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between the per capita real GDP growth rate and private credit (as a percentage of nominal GDP)-a well-known measure of quantitative financial development, where the threshold is 171.5%. This paper also finds that private credit is positively associated with economic growth if the share of household credit out of private credit is less than 46.9%; otherwise, private credit is negatively associated with economic growth. As of 2016, the ratio of private credit to GDP and the ratio of household credit to private credit are both higher than the corresponding thresholds, which implies that policymakers should place more emphasis on qualitative financial development than on a quantitative expansion of financial resources.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2000

It has been a well known fact that buildings having inappropriate expansion joints in their spacings may be subject to exterior damages due to extensive cracks on the outer walls under service loads and structural damages due to excessive moment induced by temperature changes at ultimate load conditions. Unfortunately, consistent code provisions are unavailable regarding spacings of expansion joints from different foreign structural codes. And a more serious problem is that no quantitative measurements on spacings is given in our codes for building structures. In order to establish a rational guideline on the spacing of expansion joints, theoretical approaches are taken in this study. The developed theoretical formula is, then, converted to a design chart for structural designers' convenience in its use. The chart considers both service and ultimate load stages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.29-33
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• 2004

This paper presents ESPI system for the measurement of thermal expansion coefficient of STS430 up to 1,000$^{\circ}C$. Existing methods, strain gauge and moire have the limitation of contact to object and do not supply the coefficient up to 800$^{\circ}C$. There needs to measure the data up to 800$^{\circ}C$, because heat resistant materials have high melting temperature up to 1,000$^{\circ}C$. In previous studies related to thermal strain analysis, the quantitative results are not reported by ESPI at high temperature, yet. In-plane ESPI and vacuum chamber for the reduction of air turbulence and oxidation are designed for the measurement of the coefficient up to 1,000$^{\circ}C$and speckle correlation fringe pattern images are processed by commercial image filtering tool-smoothing, thinning and enhancement- to obtain quantitative results, which is compared with references data. The comparison shows two data are agreed within 4.1％ blow 600$^{\circ}C$ however, there is some difference up to 600$^{\circ}C$. Also, the incremental ratio of the coefficient is changed up to 800$^{\circ}C$. The reason is the phase transformation of STS430 probably begins at 800$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.69-74
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• 2004

This paper presents ESPI system for the measurement of thermal expansion coefficient of STS430 up to 1,00$0^{\circ}C$ . Existing methods, strain gauge and moire have the limitation of contact to object and do not supply the coefficient up to 80$0^{\circ}C$ . There needs to measure the data up to 80$0^{\circ}C$, because heat resistant materials have high melting temperature up to 1,000'E In previous studies related to thermal strain analysis, the quantitative results have not reported by ESPI at high temperature, yet. In-plane ESPI and vacuum chamber for the reduction of air turbulence and oxidation are designed for the measurement of the coefficient up to 1,00$0^{\circ}C$ and speckle correlation fringe pattern images are processed by commercial image filtering tool-smoothing, thinning and enhancement- to obtain quantitative results, which is compared with references data. The comparison shows two data are agreed within 4.1% blow $600^{\circ}C$ however, there is some difference up to $600^{\circ}C$. Also, the incremental ratio of the coefficient is changed up to 80$0^{\circ}C$ . The reason is the phase transformation of STS430 probably begins at 80$0^{\circ}C$

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2011

Space extension and the increase of the number of households are helpful to raise business value of the remodeling through the renovation of apartment houses that is required by residents of new cities and large-scaled apartment. However, in the case of accepting this demand, it could have a bad influence on the landscape of a complex in terms of the structure of apartment houses and the safety of construction and urban planning, and a problem occurs in the aspect of fairness for reconstruction. For the study, the current status related to the remodeling system through laws, related articles since 2000 and research data was analyzed. In addition, the individual quantitative analysis was conducted in the four aspects to judge whether households expansion for remodeling is plausible:1) Statistical data to comprehend the changes of population and social structure 2) Survey data of floor space index and the building-to-land ratio of new cities at the intial stage for the review of the effect of architectural planning and urban environment 3) Surveys of experts on structural safety in order to judge whether the demand of expansion is accepted or not. 4) Quantitative analysis of each item to compare fairness with reconstruction. Therefore, this study is intended to understand problems of the remodeling system that is currently operated. Moreover, it will be further reviewed that the expansion of households is feasible through the permission of expansion and it will be discussed that the revitalization of the apartment remodeling has a positive impact on the residential environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.70-76
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• 2020

In this study, we suggested the direction to lower the risk by analyzing the risk factors for each process for the hydrogen refueling station to be installed in Chungju. HyRAM, one of the quantitative risk assessment tools for hydrogen gas, was used to analyze the hazards. By evaluating the frequency of accidents and consequences for each process, the most dangerous processes and accident factors were presented, and the risk mitigation factors were synthesized. Hydrogen refueling stations are currently in the global infrastructure expansion period, and the lack of accident data could be an alternative to this risk assessment and is expected to be used as a reference for the future expansion of hydrogen refueling stations.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2013

Bit-depth expansion is a process of enhancing the image quality by increasing the number of intensity levels. To solve this problem, a hybrid method is proposed, where the pixels are categorized into smooth and complex regions, and are processed using different methods. The pixels in the smooth region are reconstructed with a smooth prior, and a Bayesian estimator is used for the pixels in the complex region. The proposed method effectively removes the false contour artifacts while requiring less computation than conventional methods. In addition, the method shows good quantitative performance, and the PSNR gains over the best existing method are 1.45 dB and 0.26 dB for 4 bits and 3 bits expansion cases, respectively.