• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.439-449
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• 1998

To discuss the taxonomic dispositions of Korean Isopyroideae (Ranunculaceae) taxa, principal components analysis and cluster analysis were performed using quantitative and qualitative morphological characters. The principal components analysis revealed that the size and number of ovule, ovary width, ratio of style length/ovary length, filament length, sepal size, style length, leaf size, and ovary length are important characters to distinguish Korean Isopyroideae taxa. The cluster and principal components analyses based on both quantitative and quantitative characters demonstrate that lsopyrum mandshuricum is more closely related to Enemion raddeanum than to Semiaquilegia adoxoides. Even though Enemion s not separated from Isopyrum by uantitative characters, they are distinguished by qualitative characters, suggesting that our taxa, Enemion, Semiaquilegia, Isopyrum and Aquilegia, should be recognized in Korean Isopyroideae. In addition, cluster analyses suggest that S. adoxoides could be separated from Aquilegia buergeriana var, oxysepala.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2002

Induction of non-diapause eggs and manifestation of quantitative characters were studied in different seasons by low temperature incubation of eggs of a low yielding diapause with coloured cocoons silkworm breed, RDI of Bombyx mori. Hundred percent of nandiapause eggs were induced when the egg incubation was carried out at 15$^{\circ}C$ followed by incubation initially at $25^{\circ}C$ and then at $15^{\circ}C$. The diapause-nondia-pause relation was found to be reversible. Analysis of variance study demonstrated significant variation in all the quantitative characters whereas significant variation due to different incubation treatments was observed for larval span, fifth instar larval span, cocoon yield/10,000 larvae by weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio. study on hybrid vigour skewed significant heterosis over mid parent value for four economic characters viz., cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length in a Fl hybrid between RD1 with diapause eggs and Japanese type bivoltine $NB_{4} D_{2}$.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.139-149
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• 2000

Studying language by the quantitative linguistic method is not a recent development. Lately however, the interest in the quantitative linguistics has increased according to the demand on communication between human and human or between human and machine. We are required to transfer the system of the natural language onto machine. This requires the study of quantitative linguistics because we are unable to seize the characters of the tiny linguistic units and their structure in an intuitive way. In fact, the quantitative linguistics treats the internal structure of the language by the relation between the linguitic units and their quantitative characters. It is natural then that there is this growing interest in quantitative linguistics. In addition, Korean linguists take interest in the quantitative linguistics, although quantitative linguistics in Korea is not advanced by the level of the statistical analysis. Therefore, this present study shows how statistics can be applied in the field of linguistics through the two texts written in French: Lovers of the Subway and Our life's A. B. C.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.510-522
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• 2017

To better understand the morphological variation for Perilla crop in different areas of China, we studied the morphological variation in 87 accessions (84 cultivated var. frutescens and three cultivated var. crispa) from high latitude (Northeast China) and middle latitude (North and Northwest China) areas of China by examining seven quantitative and 10 qualitative characters. Analysis of the morphological variation determined that there was significant morphological differences in five quantitative traits between cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa, including effective number of branches (QN2), number of internodes (QN3), number of branches (QN4), length of the largest inflorescence (QN5), and days from germination to flowering (QN7). However, two quantitative traits-plant height and number of florets of the largest inflorescence-did not show any significant differences between cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa. In addition, significant differences for six quantitative traits were found between the accessions of cultivated var. frutescens originating from high and middle latitude areas in China, which included QN2, QN3, QN5, number of florets of the largest inflorescence (QN6), and QN7. Principal components analysis (PCA) identified five quantitative characters [plant height (QN1), QN2, QN3, QN4, QN7] and six qualitative characters [fragrance of plant (QL1), color of reverse side of leaf (QL3), degree of pubescence (QL5), color of flower (QL6), shape of leaf (QL7), and hardness of seed (QL10)] that contributed to the positive direction on the first axis. The other quantitative and qualitative characters contributed to the negative direction on the first axis. Most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa were clearly separated by the first axis. In addition, most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens are from high latitude and middle latitude areas that were clearly separated by the first axis, except for several accessions. The findings from this study will provide useful information towards understanding the morphological variation of Perilla crop according to geographical distribution in high and middle latitude regions of China.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.68-68
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• 2018

A total of 47 core collections of pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) conserved in National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) were studied under field condition at Jeonju. All accessions were characterized for their 14 qualitative and 16 quantitative characters. Results revealed that both qualitative and quantitative characters exhibited wide variation among the studied germplasm. Distribution of fruit characters (fruit length, width, and fruit wall thickness) among the accessions was positively skewed. Of the 47 accessions evaluated, 38.3% accessions had conical shaped fruits and mature fruit color was predominantly red (51.1%), orange (21.3%) and yellow (14.9%). Principal component analyses revealed that (i) 56.64% of the qualitative (fruit shape, color and fruit surface) variation and (ii) 89.42% of the quantitative (plant width, height and fruit maturity days) variation were explained by the first two components. Clustering revealed two groups and dendrogram revealed morphological variation among accessions. The phenotypic diversity exists in this core collections provide valuable information to improve agronomic traits in pepper breeding program.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2001

Ten newly evolved bivoltine hybrids of silkworm (Bombyx mori L) were evaluated with control hybrid KA${\pm}$NB4D2 during three seasons of a year for their seasonal performance. Analysis of variance and other statistical methods were employed and the performance was observed in respect of 10 quantitative traits. The results showed significant genotype${\pm}$environment interaction with respect to four quantitative characters viz. fecundity, yield/10,000 larvae, filament length and raw silk (%). Environmental effects were significant for nine characters out of ten characters evaluated. A 105${\pm}$J2 and B${\pm}$NB4D2 were considered as highly adaptable hybrids to local conditions with high mean for maximum characters studied and found suitable to rear in all seasons.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2002

To understand the relationship among different quantitative traits, correlation studies were performed by utilizing eighty-eight inbred strains of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. on twelve economic characters. Analysis resulted in correlation of 5th instar period with total larval period (r ＝ 0.7882), cocoon weight with shell weight (r ＝ 0.8326), shell weight with shell ratio (r ＝ 0.5067), shell ratio with raw silk ％ (r ＝ 0.7570), raw silk ％ with filament length (r ＝ 0.3490), filament size (denier) with reelability (r ＝ 0.3193) and boil-off loss % (r ＝ 0.2792). Negative correlation was observed among filament length with filament size (r ＝ 0.7582) and reelability with boil-off loss % (r ＝ -0.3236). Correlation of different quantitative characters for quality silk production is discussed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2014

A total of 67 watermelon accessions which include 37 accessions from Korean and 27 accessions from Turkish germplasm and 3 accessions of other related species from USA were investigated for morphological characteristics. The UPOV descriptor list for 56 characters (6 seedlings, 4 plants, 11 leaves, 5 flowers, 23 fruits and 7 seeds) was used in characterization. In addition, eight quantitative characters, hypocotyl length, cotyledon width, cotyledon length, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, thickness of outer layer of pericarp and soluble solid content were also measured. The 56 qualitatively scored characters were analyzed by principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) while the eight quantitative ones were subjected to principle component analysis (PCA). Morphological characterization result demonstrated that the accessions displayed high morphological diversity(how much percent?). A high level of phenotypic diversity was observed from the results of morphological characterization. However, plant growth habit and leaf blade flecking showed constant characters for all of the accessions. The Korean and Turkish watermelon genotypes are diverse groups and can be separated by both multivariate analysis of morphological characters although the grouping was more apparent in PCoS results.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.43-48
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• 2017

As a computational approach to literary criticism, the method of character network analysis has attracted attention. The character network is composed of nodes as characters and links as relationship between characters, and has been used to analyze literary works systematically. However, there were limitations in that relationships between characters were so superficial that they could not reflect intimate relationships and quantitative data from the network were not interpreted in depth regarding meaning of literary works. In this study, we propose an improved method of character network analysis through a case study on the play . First, we segmented the character network into a dialogue network focused on speaker-to-listener relationship and an opinion network focused on subject-to-object relationship. We analyzed these networks in various ways and discussed how analysis results could reflect structure and meaning of the work. Through these studies, we strived to find a way of organic and meaningful connection between literary criticism in humanities and network analysis in computer science.

• 중국학논총
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• no.64
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• pp.53-73
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• 2019

In the teaching of Chinese characters, making full use of the phonetic function of phonetic symbols can help learners improve their learning efficiency. The research on the characteristics of phonetic symbols and the rules of their construction is the premise of teaching Chinese characters with phonetic symbols. The phonetic symbols that can accurately prompt the pronunciation of the whole word and the homophone characters that they constitute provide the applicable materials for the teaching of Chinese characters. The split method simply and intuitively reflects the internal relationship among shape, sound and meaning in pictophonetic characters. "The analogy method of homophonic character group" and "the converse method of homophonic character group" are the combination of the function of the sound prompt and the characteristics of the analogy and induction of homophonic character, which can not only help students save the time of memorizing the sound, but also effectively increase the amount of literacy. The quantitative analysis of phonetic symbols and homophone symbols is of great significance to the classification of Chinese characters and the improvement of textbook editing.