• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.4
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• pp.5-22
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to development an information delivery system for the home nursing service, to demonstrate and to evaluate the efficiency of it. The period of research conduct was from September 1996 to August 31, 1997. At the 1st stage to achieve the purpose, Firstly Assessment tool for the patients with cerebral vascular disease who have the first priority of HNS among the patients with various health problems at home was developed through literature review. Secondly, after identification of patient nursing problem by the home care nurse with the assessment tool, the patient's classification system developed by Park (1988) that was 128 nursing activities under 6 categories was used to identify the home care nurse's activities of the patient with CAV at home. The research team had several workshops with 5 clinical nurse experts to refine it. At last 110 nursing activities under 11 categories for the patients with CVA were derived. At the second stage, algorithms were developed to connect 110 nursing activities with the patient nursing problems identified by assessment tool. The computerizing process of the algorithms is as follows: These algorithms are realized with the computer program by use of the software engineering technique. The development is made by the prototyping method, which is the requirement analysis of the software specifications. The basic features of the usability, compatibility, adaptability and maintainability are taken into consideration. Particular emphasis is given to the efficient construction of the database. To enhance the database efficiency and to establish the structural cohesion, the data field is categorized with the weight of relevance to the particular disease. This approach permits the easy adaptability when numerous diseases are applied in the future. In paralleled with this, the expandability and maintainability is stressed through out the program development, which leads to the modular concept. However since the disease to be applied is increased in number as the project progress and since they are interrelated and coupled each other, the expand ability as well as maintainability should be considered with a big priority. Furthermore, since the system is to be synthesized with other medical systems in the future, these properties are very important. The prototype developed in this project is to be evaluated through the stage of system testing. There are various evaluation metrics such as cohesion, coupling and adaptability so on. But unfortunately, direct measurement of these metrics are very difficult, and accordingly, analytical and quantitative evaluations are almost impossible. Therefore, instead of the analytical evaluation, the experimental evaluation is to be applied through the test run by various users. This system testing will provide the viewpoint analysis of the user's level, and the detail and additional requirement specifications arising from user's real situation will be feedback into the system modeling. Also. the degree of freedom of the input and output will be improved, and the hardware limitation will be investigated. Upon the refining, the prototype system will be used as a design template. and will be used to develop the more extensive system. In detail. the relevant modules will be developed for the various diseases, and the module will be integrated by the macroscopic design process focusing on the inter modularity, generality of the database. and compatibility with other systems. The Home care Evaluation System is comprised of three main modules of : (1) General information on a patient, (2) General health status of a patient, and (3) Cerebrovascular disease patient. The general health status module has five sub modules of physical measurement, vitality, nursing, pharmaceutical description and emotional/cognition ability. The CVA patient module is divided into ten sub modules such as subjective sense, consciousness, memory and language pattern so on. The typical sub modules are described in appendix 3.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.921-935
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to investigate trends of science educational researches on underrepresented students by scrutinizing Korean science education research literatures. For this particular purpose, literatures on underrepresented students were extracted from both listed and candidate journals for KCI and theses from 1984 to February 2017, and analyzed criteria such as source, year of publication, design, method, and content of research. A total of 125 papers from journals and 147 theses were extracted. In these researches, 61%, 20%, 6% were about students with disability, underachievers, and North Korean defector students respectively. The ratio of the researches on other underrepresented students such as multicultural, low income families, students who are from rural areas, and other underrepresented students were less than 5%. According to the year of publication, it was found that the number of research papers on underrepresented students increased continuously by a single digit from 1984 by focusing on the students with disability and underachievers. After that, from around 2008, it showed a rapid increase and researches on underrepresented students carried out more than 20 times annually. With regards to research design, there were 58% quantitative, 28% qualitative and 14% hybrid research design. Through analysis of research methods, we found that 30% of experimental research, 22% of interpretive research, 20% of correlation analysis, and 14% of survey research. After going through the characteristics of the research contents by visualizing the relationship between the research groups and the keywords that were extracted, it was found that even though the science education researches on underrepresented students have various contents, there were no keywords that were researched continuously and intensively in this area. The structural relationship between the keywords and each research group on underrepresented students showed that 'academic achievement' is the keyword with the highest degree of mediateness and connectedness.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 2011

Various La-based perovskite catalysts were prepared by a Pechini method, and they were applied to the low-temperature oxidation of odor compounds exhausted from waste food treatment process for effective deodorization. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of exhausted gas were conducted to measure the amount of major odor compounds with respect to operation time. A standard odor sample composed of major odor compounds was then prepared for use as a feed for oxidation reaction system. Various transition metal(M)-substituted La-based perovskite catalysts ($LaMO_{3}$: M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) were prepared and applied to the oxidation of odor compounds in order to investigate the $LaNiO_3$ catalyst showed the best catalytic performance. Pt-substituted perovskite catalysts ($LaNi_{1-x}Pt_{x}O_{3}$: x=0, 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3) were then prepared for enhancing the catalytic performance. It was found that $LaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}$ catalyst served as the most efficient catalyst. Supported perovskite catalysts ($XLaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}/Al_{2}O_{3}$: X=perovskite content(wt%), 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100) were finally applied for the purpose of maximizing the catalytic performance of perovskite catalyst in the low-temperature oxidation reaction. Catalytic performance of $XLaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}/Al_{2}O_{3}$ catalysts showed a volcano-shaped curve with respect to perovskite content. Among the catalysts tested, $20LaNi_{0.9}Pt_{0.1}O_{3}$/$Al_{2}O_{3}$ catalyst exhibited the highest conversion of odor compounds of 88.7% at $180^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.493-500
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• 2017

In this study, data analysis has been conducted by INFINITT program to analyze the effect of signal to noise ratio(SNR) and contrast to noise ratio(CNR) of flow related enhancement(FRE) and computed tomography Angiography(CTA) on cerebrovascular diseases for qualitative evaluations. Based on the cerebrovascular image results achieved from 63 patients (January to April, 2017, at C University Hospital), we have selected 19 patients that performed both FRE-MRA and CTA. From the 19 patients, 2 were excluded due to artifacts from movements in the cerebrovascular image results. For the analysis conditions, we have set the 5 part (anterior cerebral artery, right and left Middle cerebral artery, right and left Posterior cerebral artery) as the interest area to evaluate the SNR and CNR, and the results were validated through Independence t Test. As a result, by averaging the SNR, and CNR values, the corresponding FRE-MRA achieved were: anterior cerebral artery ($1500.73{\pm}12.23/970.43{\pm}14.55$), right middle cerebral artery ($1470.16{\pm}11.46/919.44{\pm}13.29$), left middle cerebral artery ($1457.48{\pm}17.11/903.96{\pm}14.53$), right posterior cerebral artery ($1385.83{\pm}16.52/852.11{\pm}14.58$), left posterior cerebral artery ($1318.52{\pm}13.49/756.21{\pm}10.88$). by averaging the SNR, and CNR values, the corresponding CTA achieved were: anterior cerebral artery ($159.95{\pm}12.23/123.36{\pm}11.78$), right middle cerebral artery ($236.66{\pm}17.52/202.37{\pm}15.20$), left middle cerebral artery ($224.85{\pm}13.45/193.14{\pm}11.88$), right posterior cerebral artery ($183.65{\pm}13.47/151.44{\pm}11.48$), left posterior cerebral artery ($177.7{\pm}16.72/144.71{\pm}11.43$) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MRA had high SNR and CNR value regardless of the cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage observed in the 5 part of the brain. Although FRE-MRA consumed longer time, it proved to have less side effect of contrast media when compared to the CTA.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.257-262
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• 2006

Purpose: The standard protocol using large volume of oral contrast media may cause gastrointestinal discomfort and contrast-related artifacts in PET/CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of low dose oral contrast in $^{18}F-FDG$ PET/CT. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the whole-body PET/CT images in a total of 435 patients. About 200 ml of oval contrast agent (barium sulfate) was administered immediately before injection of $^{18}F-FDG$. The FDG uptake of intestines was analyzed by visual and semi- quantitative method on transaxial, coronal and saggital planes. Results: Seventy (16%, 113 sites) of 435 images showed high FDG uptake (peak SUV > 4); 50 (74%, 84 sites) with diffuse and 20 (15%, 29 sites) with focal uptake. The most commonly delivered site of oral contrast media was small bowel (n=27, 39%). On PET/CT images, FDG uptake coexisted with oral contrast media in 26 patients (54%, 38 sites) with diffuse pattern and 9 (45%, 9 sites) with focal pattern, and by sites, those were 38 (45%) and 9 (31%), respectively. In small bowel regions, the proportion of coexistence reached as high as 61% (29/47 sites). A visual analysis of available non-attenuation corrected PET images of 27 matched regions revealed no contrast-related artifact. Conclusion: We concluded that the application of low dose contrast media could be helpful in the evaluation of abdominal uptake in the FDG PET/CT image.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2013

Purpose: Surge in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic artery chemical embolization is one of the effective interventional procedures. The PET/CT examination plays an important role in determining the presence of residual cancer cells and metastasis, and prognosis after embolization. The other hand, the hepatic artery chemical embolization of embolic material used lipiodol produced artifacts in the PET/CT examination, and these artifacts results in quantitative evaluation influence. This study, the radioactivity density and the percentage error was evaluated by the extent of the impact of lipiodol in the image of PET/CT. Materials and Methods: 1994 NEMA Phantom was acquired for 2 minutes and 30 seconds per bed after the Teflon, water and lipiodol filled, and these three inserts into the enough to mix the rest behind radioactive injection with $20{\pm}10MBq$. Phantom reconfigure with the iterative reconstruction method the number of iterations for two times by law, a subset of 20 errors. We set up region of interest at each area of the Teflon, water, lipiodol, insert artifact occurs between regions, and background and it was calculated and compared by the radioactivity density(kBq/ml) and the% Difference. Results: Radioactivity density of the each region of interest area with the teflon, water, lipiodol, insert artifact occurs between regions, background activity was $0.09{\pm}0.04$, $0.40{\pm}0.17$, $1.55{\pm}0.75$, $2.5{\pm}1.09$, $2.65{\pm}1.16 kBq/ml$ (P <0.05) and it was statistically significant results. Percentage error of lipiodol in each area was 118%, compared to the water compared with the background activity 52%, compared with a teflon was 180% of the difference. Conclusion: We found that the error due to under the influence of the attenuation correction when PET/CT scans after lipiodol injection performed, and the radioactivity density is higher than compared to other implants, lower than background. Applying the nonattenuation correction images, and after hepatic artery chemical embolization who underwent PET/CT imaging so that the test should be take the consideration to the extent of the impact of lipiodol be.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.432-437
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• 2006

To compare the content of natural existence with artificial addition experimental subject of 152 cases(25 kinds) were classified by two category of 42 fresh samples(14 kinds) and 110 processed samples(23 kinds). The content of sulfur dioxide were determined by Monnier-Williams's modified method. In mean content of 42 non-processed samples studied the range of contents was between 0.00 and 9.46 mg/kg. Radish contained the highest amount of sulfur dioxide(8.97 mg/kg), followed by onion(8.04 mg/kg). In mean content of 110 processed samples studied, the range of content was between 0.00 and 1,828.59 mg/kg. Gourd contained the highest amount of sulfur dioxide(1,064.61 mg/kg), followed by apricot(869.62 mg/kg), dried persimmon(64.11 mg/kg), dried radish(29.00 mg/kg), dried pumpkin(17.63 mg/kg), and those were lowe. than criteria. To supply safe food for the citizens, the quantitative level is required to be reinforced to supply safe foot continuously.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1979

The fertility which is the combined factor is one of the important capability determiants of paddy soils. In this study, we aimed at attaining a quantitative evaluation of soil fertility and further establishing an objective fertility classification on the basis of the fertility evaluation. The samples used in this series studies were collected from Korean paddy field. They include deltas, flood plains, coastal plains, valley plains, fans and low terraces. On the basis of correlation analysis, factor analysis was applied to a set of 15 variables. As a result of factor analysis, five mutually independent and clearly definable fertility component factors were extracted from the 15 variables for the whole 90 surface soil samples. The fertility status of each sample soil could be objectively designated by the score of the five factors. As a means of summarizing the information obtained, taxonomic distances between all pairs of the samples were computed from these five factor scores further to be subjected to numerical taxonomy. Seven fertility groups were formulated, each of which was characterized by one or more of the fertility components. As this fertility classification was based on the present state of soil properties, it would be useful in pointing to the proper direction of further fertility amelioration and improvement for each group to enhance potential productivity of Korean paddy fields.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.134-150
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was for analyzing the research about international marriage immigrant women and a trial to find the right direction for future research. Methods: Sixty articles published from June, 2004 to June, 2009 were reviewed and analyzed according to the general characteristics, major of author, and theme of health domains. Results: Most of them were master's thesis(71.7%) and journals(21.7%) and doctoral dissertation(6.7%) have been published mostly after thesis. Among 83.3% for quantitative research, descriptive(33.3%) and descriptive correlation(41.7%) methods were the most used and there were some qualitative researches(16.7%). The most frequently used data gathering method was questionnaire(81.7%) and the next was interview(16.7%). The major rates of the author were 61.7% for social welfare and 2.1% for nursing. The investigated variables in social health domain were adaptation(28.3%), and communication(1.7%). In psychological health domain, marriage satisfaction(16.7%), life satisfaction(11.7%), and depression(10.0%) were most researched. Utilization of medical center(5.0%) and health promotion behavior(1.7%) were investigated in physical health domain. Conclusions: Above this, most articles were researched about the adaptation of international marriage immigrant women. But the life in foreign countries can cause physical and psychosocial unhealthy conditions, so many-sided health related researches are supposed to be conducted for adaptation and prevention health problems of international marriage immigrant women.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.630-639
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• 2003

This study aims to analysis the distribution and change of cropland and forest, the Onseong, Saebyeol, and Eundeok counties on the lower reach of Duman(Tumen) river, northeast Korea, using 1992 year Landsat TM data, 2000 year Landsat ETM data, and digital terrain elevation data(DTED). Land cover and land use of the study areas are classified into cropland, forest, village, and water body, using the supervised classification method including 1:50,000 DTED analysis, image band composition, and principal component analysis(PCA). Results of quantitative analysis present that each growth rate of cropland of Onseong and Eundeok are 22.8% and 14.7% corresponding to decreasing rates of forest, 8% and 13.6% during 8 years from 1992 to 2000. In Onseong, Saebyeol, and Eundeok, each values of mean elevations and slope gradients increased to 192m, 95m, and 91m from 157m, 85m, and 78m, and to 6.6$^{\circ}$, 3.0$^{\circ}$, and 4.4$^{\circ}$ from 5.2$^{\circ}$, 2.5$^{\circ}$, and 3.0$^{\circ}$. Especially, in case of newly developed cropland, the values of mean elevation and mean gradient have 225m, 122m, and 127m, and 9.4$^{\circ}$, 5.1$^{\circ}$, and 8.0$^{\circ}$, in above three regions. These new croplands were developing along to deeper valleys and toward lower hill and mountain slope up to knickpoint zone of gradient change. Deforested lands for cropland have formed irregular pattern of patch-type, and become sources for the sheet erosion, rilling and gulleying in mountain slope and sedimentation in local river channel. Though there were no field checking, analysis using landsat images and GIS mapping can help understand actual environmental problems relating to cropland development of mountain slope in North Korea.