• 지능정보연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2017

사업타당성 분석이나 기업 기술가치평가 등 미래의 사업에 대한 진입이나 투자 타당성을 분석하기 위해서는 새로운 사업과 관련한 시장을 추정하고 그 안에서 확보 가능한 매출을 객관적으로 추정하는 과정이 필수 불가결하다. 이런 신규 매출이나 시장규모의 추정 방법은 다양한 방법으로 구분이 가능한데 크게 정량적인 방법과 정성적인 방법으로 구분할 수 있다. 그러나 두 가지 방법 모두 많은 자원과 시간을 필요로 한다. 그래서 우리는 신규 사업의 평가지원을 위한 데이터 기반의 지능형 매출 예측 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구는 사업타당성 분석이나 기술가치평가를 위한 신규 사업의 매출 추정 시스템을 개발하는데, 알고리즘 기반으로 전통적인 정량 예측방법 중 하나인 유추방법에 주목했다. 동일한 국내 산업에서 최근 창업한 기업의 매출 실적을 국내 신규 사업의 매출액을 추정하는 유추 대상 변수로 활용할 수 있는지 검토한다. 여기서 유추예측 대상은 최초 매출액과 초기 성장률이며, 주요 비교 차원은 산업분류, 창업시기 등이 고려된다. 특히 본 연구는 우리나라 창업 기업이 가지는 매출 성장률의 평균회귀 현상을 활용하는 지능형 정보 지원 시스템을 제안하다. 본 연구에서는 신규 매출 추정을 위해서 역사적 자료인 창업 매출 실적을 활용하는 방법이 적절한지 판단하기 위해서 잠재성장모형 등을 활용해 산업분류에 따른 신규 사업의 초기 매출액과 연도별 성장률이 산업분류별로 차이가 있는지 분석한다. 기존 기업의 창업 후 4년간 매출 성과의 종단자료를 잠재성장모형으로 분석하는데, 특정 산업분류에서 차이를 보여주는지 분석해 산업분류가 유추 예측에서 고려해야할 유의미한 변수인지 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과는 신속하고 객관적인 신규 사업 매출 추정을 가능하게 하는 지능형 정보시스템을 개발하게 해서 사업성타당성 분석이나 기술가치평가 과정의 효율성을 개선시켜 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.17-35
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• 2015

시장 수요 예측은 일정 기간 동안 소비자에게 판매되는 동종 제품 또는 서비스의 수량 혹은 매출액의 규모를 추정하는 활동으로서, 기업경영활동에 있어 효율적인 의사결정을 내릴 수 있는 근거로 활용된다는 점에서 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 신규 시장의 수요를 예측하기 위해 다양한 시장성장모형이 개발되어 왔다. 이런 모형들은 일반적으로 시장의 크기 변화의 동인을 신기술 확산으로 보고 소비자인 개인에게 기술이 확산되는 과정을 통해 시장 크기가 변하는 과정을 확산모형으로 구현하게 된다. 그러나, 시장이 형성된 직후에는 수요 관측치의 부족으로 인해 혁신계수, 모방계수와 같은 예측모형의 모수를 정확하게 추정하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 이런 경우, 전문가의 판단 하에 예측하고자 하는 시장과 유사한 시장을 결정하고 이를 참고하여 모수를 추정하게 되는데, 어떤 시장을 유사하다고 판단하느냐에 따라 성장모형은 크게 달라지게 되므로, 정확한 예측을 위해서는 유사 시장을 찾는 것은 매우 중요하다. 그러나, 이런 방식은 직관과 경험이라는 정성적 판단에 크게 의존함으로써 일관성이 떨어질 수밖에 없으며, 결국, 만족할 만한 수준의 결과를 얻기 힘들다는 단점을 지닌다. 이런 정성적 방법은 유사도가 더 높은 시장을 누락시키고 유사도가 낮은 시장을 선택하는 오류를 일으킬 수 있다. 이런 이유로, 본 연구는 신규 시장의 모수를 추정하기 위해 필요한 유사시장을 누락 없이 효과적으로 찾아낼 수 있는 사례기반 전문가 시스템을 설계하고자 수행되었다. 제안된 모형은 데이터 마이닝의 군집분석 기법과 추천 시스템의 내용 기반 필터링 방법론을 기반으로 전문가 시스템으로 구현되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 시스템의 유용성을 확인하고자 정보통신분야 시장의 모수를 추정하는 실험을 실시하였다. 전문가를 대상으로 실시된 실험에서, 시스템을 사용한 모수의 추정치가 시스템을 사용하지 않았을 때와 비교하여 실제 모수와 더 가까움을 보임으로써 시스템의 유용성을 증명하였다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.177-198
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• 2018

최근 경제재로서 수자원(Water Resources)의 속성이 공공재 성격을 동시에 띠면서 수자원기술의 측정과 성과 관리 체계를 확보하고 활용해야 할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 그 동안 수자원기술의 평가는 대부분 순현재가치(NPV)나 비용편익효과(B/C)를 바탕으로 경제성 평가(Feasibility Study) 혹은 기술(환경)영향평가(Technology Assessment)로 수행되어 왔으며, 연구성과의 확산과 피드백을 받을 수 있는 기술 기반 사업의 경제적 가치를 객관적으로 평가하는 모델은 체계화되지 않았다. 그리하여, 본 연구에서는 K-water(한국수자원공사)가 담당하고 있는 수자원분야의 기술적 특성에 적합한 기술평가 체계를 구축할 필요성을 느끼고, 공익형 수자원기술에 대한 기술가치평가 모델을 개발하여 사례를 실증하고자 한다. 본 연구에 적용된 K-water 평가대상기술은 공공재로서, 사회전반에 기여한 가치 및 성과를 측정하고 관리할 수 있는 도구로 활용 가능하다. 예를 들면, 사회전반에 기여한 가치를 산출하여, 편익의 파급효과에 대한 성과 홍보자료, 혹은 비용 투입 당위성에 대한 근거자료로 활용할 수 있고, 공공기술의 특성상 대규모 연구개발 투입 비용에 대한 정당성을 확보할 수 있다. 따라서, 공공재를 다루는 한국의 대표적 공기업인 K-water가 사업 운영상의 전략을 수립하고 투입개발 비용에 대한 성과산출 근거 기반을 구축할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 고에서는 K-water가 담당하고 있는 수자원분야의 기술적 특성에 적합한 기술평가 체계를 기반으로, 공익형 수자원기술에 대한 기술가치평가 모델을 개발하여 사례를 실증하였다. 특히, 일본 산업기술종합연구소(AIST)의 평가방법론을 활용하여 연관 편익항목을 기준으로 비용계정에 매칭시킨 후, 기존의 비용-편익 접근법과 FCF(Free Cash Flow)법의 평가체계를 활용하는 'K-water 고유모델'을 제시하였으며 이를 통해 K-water 연구성과 관리체계 상의 파이프라인을 구축하는 동시에 "해수담수화" 관련 기술에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. 수자원 분야 기술의 특성을 반영한 웹기반 가치평가시스템의 설계 구성로직과 평가프로세스를 분석하며, 기술통합관리시스템 상의 공익형 및 수익형 기술가치를 산출하기 위한 각 모델별 참조정보 및 DB 연계로직도 살펴본다. 종래의 타 분야 기술가치평가 시스템이 지닌 재무적 데이터 기반의 사업가치 산출로직에 수자원 특성이 반영된 정성평가지표의 정량화 지수를 함께 반영한 하이브리드형 평가모듈과 실제 웹기반 평가의 UI 구성화면을 검토한다. K-water의 가치평가 모형은 공익형과 수익형 수자원 기술을 구분하여 평가하게 되는데, 먼저 수익형 기술가치평가는 "기술의 경제성"이라고 하는 특성상 외부 산업유형의 수익(Profit)특성을 반영하여 화면을 설계 가능하다. 예를 들어 K-water 기술인벤토리 수도부문 기술은 수처리 멤브레인과 같이 수익 지향 기술이 다수 분포된다. 반면에, 공익형 기술가치평가는 공공의 편익(Benefit)과 비용(Cost)특성을 반영하여 화면을 설계하게 되는데, 댐과 같이 편익을 지향하는 기술을 평가하는데 활용된다. 또한 본 고에서 제시된 비용-편익 기반의 공익형 기술가치평가 모형(K-water 고유 평가모델)에 대한 적정성 검토를 위해 사회적 수명(20년)을 지닌 수자원 기술의 편익흐름 추정으로부터 실제 사례에 적용해 보았으며, 향후에는 다양한 사업환경 특성을 반영한 비즈니스 모델별 평가모형 검증을 추가적으로 수행하고자 한다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2011

전통적으로 심근 생존능을 식별하고 심근 관류를 정확히 평가하기 위한 도구로 핵의학영상이 이용되고 있으나 경색영역을 정의하기에는 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 극성지도의 분포를 분석하여 특성에 맞는 적응적 임계값을 이용하여 심근경색 모델을 정량적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 쥐 심근경색 모델은 왼쪽 관상동맥을 결찰시켜 제작하였다. 소동물PET 영상은 37 MBq $^{18}F$-FDG를 쥐의 꼬리정맥에 주사한 후 60분 섭취 후 Siemens Inveon SPECT/PET 스캐너를 이용하여 20분 동안 ECG 신호와 함께 획득하였고, OSEM 2D 알고리즘을 이용하여 재구성하였다. PET 영상의 심근 극성지도는 Siemens QGS 소프트웨어에 적합한 형식으로 변환 후 자동으로 심근 벽을 설정하여 작성하였다. 심근경색영역의 기준데이터는 TTC 염색으로 설정하였으며 전체 좌심실대비 염색된 영역의 백분율로 획득하였다. 최적의 임계값 설정을 위해 절대치 설정 방법, Otsu 알고리즘, 다중가우시안혼합모델(Multi Gaussian mixture model, MGMM)을 이용하여 평가하였다. 절대치 설정 방법은 10~90%까지 10%단위로 미리 정의 된 임계값을 이용하였고, Otsu 알고리즘은 영상 내에서 두 군집의 분산을 최대로 하는 임계값으로 설정하였다. MGMM 방법은 영상의 화소 강도를 분석하여 여러 개의 가우시안 분포함수(MGMM2, $\cdots$ MGMM4)로 반복 수행하여 최적의 가우시안 분포를 구하여 적응적 임계값을 설정하였다. 극성지도 평가지표는 각각의 알고리즘에서 측정된 임계값을 이용하여 이진화하고 전체 극성지도와 경색영역의 백분율로 획득한 후, TTC 염색으로 획득된 기준데이터와의 차이를 비교하였다. 그 차이는 절대치 방법의 20%에서 $7.04{\pm}3.44%$, 30%에서 $3.87{\pm}2.09%$, 40%에서 $2.15{\pm}2.07%$이었다. Otsu 방법은 $3.56{\pm}4.16%$이었으며 MGMM 방법은 $2.29{\pm}1.94%$이었다. 소동물 PET 극성지도에서는 30% 임계값이 조직학적 데이터와 비교하여 가장 작은 차이를 보였다. 그러나 TTC 염색으로 측정한 크기가 10% 이하에서는 MGMM 방법이 절대치 방법보다 작은 차이를 보였다(MGMM: 0.006%, 절대치방법: 0.59%). 이 연구에서는 심근경색 모델 평가를 위하여 생체영상 극성지도에서 다중가우시안혼합모델을 이용하여 평가하고자 하였다. MGMM은 사용자의 선택 없이도 자동적으로 영상 특성을 고려하여 적응적 임계값을 찾아주는 방법으로 극성지도에서 심근경색을 평가하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1997

N-13 암모니아 PET 동적영상을 이용하여 심근혈류량을 측정할 때, 부분용적효과와 스필오버현상을 보정하는 새로운 방법을 고안하고, 이 방법을 이용하여 측정한 심근혈류량을 2구획모델만을 이용한 종래의 방법과 비교, 분석하여 새로운 방법에 대한 효율성과 정확성을 고찰한다. 9명의 관상동맥 환자에서 20mCi의 N-13 암모니아를 안정상태와 부하상태에서 주사한 후, PET 동적영상을 얻어 심근의 3부분(중격, 전면벽, 측면벽)과 좌심실방에 관심영역을 그려 시간-방사능곡선을 얻었다. 심근의 3부분에 대한 심근혈류량과 스필오버분획을 기하학적 관심영역 모델 개념을 2구획모델에 포함시킨 새로운 방법과 종래의 2구획모델 방법으로 각각 구하였다. 이때 관심영역의 위치에 따른 심근혈류량을 알아보기 위해서 심근 밖에서 좌심실 중심쪽으로 20개의 관심영역을 그리고, 위의 두 방법을 이용하여 심근혈류량을 구하였다. 종래의 N-13 암모니아 2구획모델과 기하학적 모델 개념을 2구획모델에 포함시킨 새로운 방법으로 모델 합치 곡선을 구하였다. 관심영역 위치 변화에 대한 심근혈류량의 값을 종래의 방법과 새로운 방법으로 구하고, 부분용적효과를 정확하게 보정하기 위하여 관심영역을 심내막쪽에 설정하였다. 총 108개의 심근관심영역에서 두 가지 방법을 이용하여 구한 심근혈류량 사이의 회귀곡선 기울기는 1.57, 상관계수는 0.88이었다. 그리고 같은 방법으로 얻어진 스필오버분획들도 선형적 상관관계(r=1.00, 기울기=0.98)가 있었다. 결론적으로 N-13 암모니아 PET 동적영상과 기하학적 모델 개념을 2구획모델에 포함시킨 새로운 방법을 이용하여 구한 심근혈류량은 종래의 방법보다 더 효율적이며 정확하게 정량화되어짐을 알 수 있었으며, 앞으로 임상환경에서 심근혈류량 정량분석연구에 유용할 것이라고 생각한다. 환자 군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.01). 결론적으로, 흉통을 호소한 환자에서 심근관류 신티그라피상 정상인 경우에는 심장사건의 발생율이 낮음을 알 수 있었고, 특히 관동맥조영술에 관동맥병변이있는 환자와 없는 환자간에 1차 심장사건의 발생율에 유의한 차이가 없는 것을 고려하면, 심근관류 신티그라피가 정상소견을 보이는 흉통환자는 정상 관동맥조영술 소견을 보이는 환자에 준하여 치료하여도 좋을 것으로 사료되었다.리고 0.19, 0.40, 0.53, 0.61이었다. 실제 속도상수의 비 $k_3/k_4$에 대한 (BG-OCC)/OCC와 $R_A,\;R_v$간의 상관계수는 각각 0.983, 0.984, 0.999이었으며 그때의 기울기는 각각 1.76, 0.47, 1.25이었다. 결 론 : IPT 약역학은 시간이 흐름에 따라 혈류량의 변동에 비해 도파민 운반체량의 변동에 더욱 민감한 경향을 보였으며 $k_3/k_4$에 대한 (BG-OCC)/OCC, $R_A,\;R_v$의 결과간에 좋은 상관관계를 가졌다. 따라서 이러한 약역학 컴퓨터시뮬레이션이 SPECT 영상을 이용한 도파민 운반체 또는 수용체 정량분석을 최적화하는데 매우 유용할 것으로 생각된다.TEX>-CIT SPECT는 파킨슨병의 조기진단 및 진행 추적에 임상적으로 유용할 것으로 판단된다., SCC 4예, AC 1예)였으며, 11예 중 9예(81.8%)에서 방사선학적 검사결과와 Tc-99m MIBI섭취율의 변화가 일치하였다. 결론적으로, Tc-99m MIBI SPECT는 폐암병소의 국소화 및 방사선치료 효과의 판정에 어느정도 유용하리라 사료되었다.냈고 4명에서는 low CBD obstruction을 나타내었으며 후에 CBD stone, CBD carcinoma,

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.172-187
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• 2019

본 논문의 목적은 무형문화유산 일반전승자의 역할을 주목하면서, 소셜 네트워크 분석을 활용해 무형문화유산 전승공동체의 연결망과 전승활동에서 발생하는 지식 흐름의 구조적 특징을 분석하는 데 있다. 이러한 연구 목적을 이루기 위해 본 논문에서는 연구 대상을 국가무형문화재 종목들 중에서 일반인의 전승활동이 활발한 '아리랑'으로 선정하였다. 아리랑은 오랜 기간 제도권 밖에서 일반대중 활동을 중심으로 자생적으로 전승되었으며, 2015년에 전문전승자 지정 없이 국가무형문화재로 지정된 최초의 사례이다. 현재 아리랑은 약 60여 종, 3,600여 곡에 이르는 것으로 추정된다. 본 논문에서는 이 중에서 전문전승자와 일반전승자의 상호교류가 활발한 향토민요 '정선아리랑'을 중심으로 연구하였다. 소셜 네트워크 분석은 사람과 사람 사이의 관계를 노드(Node)와 링크(Link)로 모델링하여 수치화 통계화 시각화하여 해석하는 방법을 말한다. 이 방법은 전통적으로 사회학에서 사회조직 및 취약계층을 연구하는 데 꾸준히 활용되었다. 최근에는 문헌정보학, 문화콘텐츠학, 경영학 등과 같은 분야에서 연구경향, 시장동향, 조직관리 등을 연구하는 데 이 방법이 활용되고 있다. 이처럼 여러 학문 분야에서 소셜 네트워크 분석을 이용한 연구가 증가하는 추세지만 문화재 분야에서는 관련 연구를 찾아보기가 어렵다. 소셜 네트워크 분석은 크게 3단계, '연결망 모델링', '데이터 수집', '데이터 분석 및 시각화'로 진행된다. 본 논문에서는 첫 번째, 2017년 기준으로 정선아리랑보존회 회원 전체를 조사 대상으로 선정하여 완전한 연결망으로 모델링하였다. 두 번째, 데이터 수집은 보존회 회원 명부를 확보해 2017년 10월 17일 면대면 조사와 2017년 12월 15일 전화 설문조사를 통해 하였다. 세 번째, 데이터 분석은 Netminer 4.0 프로그램을 이용해 중심성 분석, 구조적 등위성 분석, 커뮤니티 분석 등을 주요 지표로 하였다. 본 논문은 기존에 무형문화유산 계보조사에서 소수 사람들의 구술자료에 의존해 파악하던 방식에서 벗어나 객관적이고 계량적인 방법으로 조사할 수 있는 기반을 제공하였다는 점에서 연구 의의가 있다. 그리고 무형문화유산 전승공동체 구성원들의 관계 및 지식 흐름의 구조를 지식지도(2D Spring Map) 형태로 시각화함으로써 추상적인 내용을 직관적으로 파악할 수 있게 했다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.