• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.76-88
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• 1996

The facial color is affected by age increase, health condition, internal and/or external environment factors and so on. Especially, the external environment factors in accordance with the influence of environment pollution that is air pollution, exert a bad influence of skin. The object of this study shall be quantified the facial color change in accordance with age increase, external environment factors. Therefore we have make the measurement about the facial color change of Korean women by regional groups. We've quantified through correlation equation, the rate of the many external environment factors which influence the facial color change (air pollution, climate condition, season etc.) As the result of the study, we have reach to know that CO, $O_3$, $NO_2$ has high relation with hue, value, chrome change. The facial color change is proved to be influenced atmospheric environment condition. Besides in hue and value in relation with meteorology demonstrates its link with the temperature, the evaporation quantity, the duration of sunshine of each region. Therefore we have instill cognition of the environmental pollution in accordance with external environment factor that was quantified. And we have reach to know this study affects cosmetics development of new concept.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-22
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• 2019

In recent years, crime has been steadily increasing, causing not only economic damage but also aggravating the social atmosphere. The CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) guideline, which is an environmental crime prevention design technique, reduces the possibility of crime by implementing a proper defensive design plan through appropriate lighting design in the city and reduces the fear of crime. Among the various principles of CPTED, the proper use of street lamps and CCTV is considered to be an important factor in enabling natural surveillance. In this study, the authors identified and quantified the current status of the installation of street lamps and CCTV in each autonomous district of Seoul. The physical quantity of lighting and social factor quantified from light lamps and CCTV data, respectively, were expected to support the guidelines presented by CPTED. Therefore, we conducted statistical analysis based on quantified values and found that street lamps and CCTV had a statistically significant relationship with crime rate. In addition, the correlation between the safety index and the crime rate, calculated by dividing the number of street lamps and CCTVs by area, was also analyzed and an R2 value of 0.647 was confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.435-441
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the ventricular volume percentage quantified using three-dimensional (3D) brain computed tomography (CT) data for interpreting serial changes in hydrocephalus. Materials and Methods: Intracranial and ventricular volumes were quantified using the semiautomatic 3D threshold-based segmentation approach for 113 brain CT examinations (age at brain CT examination ≤ 18 years) in 38 patients with hydrocephalus. Changes in ventricular volume percentage were calculated using 75 serial brain CT pairs (time interval 173.6 ± 234.9 days) and compared with the conventional assessment of changes in hydrocephalus (increased, unchanged, or decreased). A cut-off value for the diagnosis of no change in hydrocephalus was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The reproducibility of the volumetric measurements was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient on a subset of 20 brain CT examinations. Results: Mean intracranial volume, ventricular volume, and ventricular volume percentage were 1284.6 ± 297.1 cm³, 249.0 ± 150.8 cm³, and 19.9 ± 12.8%, respectively. The volumetric measurements were highly reproducible (intraclass correlation coefficient = 1.0). Serial changes (0.8 ± 0.6%) in ventricular volume percentage in the unchanged group (n = 28) were significantly smaller than those in the increased and decreased groups (6.8 ± 4.3% and 5.6 ± 4.2%, respectively; p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively; n = 11 and n = 36, respectively). The ventricular volume percentage was an excellent parameter for evaluating the degree of hydrocephalus (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.975; 95% confidence interval, 0.948-1.000; p < 0.001). With a cut-off value of 2.4%, the diagnosis of unchanged hydrocephalus could be made with 83.0% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity. Conclusion: The ventricular volume percentage quantified using 3D brain CT data is useful for interpreting serial changes in hydrocephalus.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.545-553
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• 2012

Eco-efficiency considers both environmental impacts and economic values. It is a useful tool for communicating with stakeholders for business decision making. This study evaluated the eco-efficiency factor (EEF) for the energy network of a dyeing company that supplies surplus heat to a neighboring apartment during the night. This symbiosis network is one of the eco-industrial park (EIP) projects in Korea and aims to benefit local residents and the industrial complex by utilizing surplus heat. In this study, two categories were annualized. The first quantified environmental burden based on $CO_2$ emissions and quantified product value in terms of steam sales. The second used a variety of environmental factors, such as fossil fuel, water and waste, to quantify environmental burden and used steam sales to quantify value. The EEF of the symbiosis network was 1.6, using the global warming impact, and determined using the multiple variable, was 1.33. This study shows that the EEF depends on variable details of environmental burden but the values of this project were very high contrast to other business or EIP project.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2005

Myocardial perfusion and function can be quantified using SPECT and PET. There was controversy over the usefulness of the correction techniques for physical artifacts, such as photon attenuation and scatter, in the quantification of myocardial perfusion using SPECT. However, the cumulated results of many investigations have leaded the consensus on the usefulness of the correction procedures to improve the accuracy and specificity of the myocardial SPECT in the assessment of coronary artery diseases. Although the clinical value of the myocardial perfusion PET has not been preyed yet, the absolute myocardial blood flow and perfusion reserve values quantified using myocardial PET are employed in many basic investigations. In this paper, the methods for the quantitative myocardial SPECT and PET will be reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2003

The quantification of fish school abundance was carried out by using luminance of pixel on scanning sonar image, and compared with the indices of fish school abundance e.g. school number, school area and weighted school area. The survey was carried out in Funka Bay off southern Hokkaido, Japan using research vessel Ushio-Maru during December 1999. A 180-degree scanning sonar with a frequency of 164kHz was used. The school number was counted both left and right 40-degree radial lines from the center of own vessel mark on a scanning image. The school area was measured approximately as an ellipse from the school length and width. The weighted school area was calculated by multiplying school area and average value of inner pixel luminance. A quantification of pixel luminance was also measured to integrate squared pixel luminance value on these lines. Fish school and school bottom were discriminated by the produced sonar echogram using pixel luminance value on these lines. The relationships between the quantified luminance value and other abundance indices such as school area and weighted school area revealed a good correlation. Therefore, the quantified luminance is a useful method in estimating fish school abundance in the acoustic survey using sonar.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1025-1030
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• 1997

This paper introduces the experimental results of ride values assessed for several passenger cars. The experiment was conducted at four vehicles on two roads for three persons by measuring the acceleration in the 12-axis of human. The results include the comparison of the ride values, such as the component ride values, overall ride value, and seat effective amplitude transmissibiity. It is proved that acceleration between 1 and 15Hz is the most significant in evaluating the ride quality. The contribution of the acceleration in each measurement axis is quantified from the component ride value. SEAT value shows a relatively low sensitivity for the road condition and human mass.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.97-108
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• 2015

This study proposes a mathematical model to estimate the economic value of weather forecast service, among which the precipitation forecast service is focused. The value is calculated in terms of users' satisfaction or dissatisfaction resulted from the users' decisions made by using the precipitation probabilistic forecasts and thresholds. The satisfaction values can be quantified by the traditional value score model, which shows the scaled utility values relative to the perfect forecast information. This paper extends the value score concept to a collective value score model which is defined as a weighted sum of users' satisfaction based on threshold distribution in a group of the users. The proposed collective value score model is applied to the picnic scenario by using four hypothetical sets of probabilistic forecasts, i.e., under-confident, over-confident, under-forecast and over-forecast. The application results show that under-confident type of forecasts outperforms the others as a measure of the maximum collective value regardless of users' dissatisfaction patterns caused by two types of forecast errors, e.g., miss and false alarm.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.2 s.18
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• pp.144-152
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• 2004

Defining value as a measure of how well the project value objectives are met, Value Management Process (VMP) is considered to be any management effort or process that can proactively pursue one or more project objectives (i.e., security/safety, cost effectiveness, schedule optimization, and risk containment). The collection of 44 VMPs has been established based on a rigorous effort conducted by Construction Industry Institute (CII). Because varying circumstances on each project determine the level of suitability, it is crucial to identify which VMP should be implemented on a particular project. The current VMP selection process is primarily based on human intuition. The main objective of this paper is to provide a systematic method to facilitate the usage of VMPs on a particular project. This paper identified and quantified the selection principles (i.e., targeted value objectives, timing of initiation, project characteristics, and relative impact). The data collected from industry practitioners and VMP experts characterized each VMP in terms of the magnitude of benefit. An automated selection tool by Visual Basic Application (VBA) on MS Excel TM, was developed and proved its validity. As a pioneering study, this paper provides a comprehensive and structured knowledge on the subject of VMPs. From the industry's perspective, the automated selection tool, the premier of this study, contributes the facilitation of the VMP implementations in the construction industry thereby maximizing the potential benefits to a particular project.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.18-32
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• 2013

This study attempts to 1) identify the dimensions of perceived value in the restaurant industry and 2) assess the effects of these dimensions on overall customer satisfaction and behavioral intent. With a total of 272 samples obtained from empirical research, this study reviews the reliability and fitness of the research model, and verifies a total of 4 hypotheses using the Amos program. The hypothesized relationships in the model were tested simultaneously using a structural equation model(SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate fit to the data:${\chi}^2$ 140.087(df 80), CMIN/df 1.751, RMR .060, GFI .937, AGFI .906, NFI .962, CFI .983, RMSEA .053. As a result of confirmatorical analysis, the quality value, emotional value and economical value were quantified as perceived value in fastfood restaurants. These factors were indicated to have influence on customer satisfaction and re-visit intention. Limitations and future research were also discussed.