• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.59-74
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• 1992

The change of industrial structure, the expansion of economic scale, the elevation of national life level and rapid motorization bring about social problems that are traffic accident, traffic congestion, etc. Especially, big traffic accidents bring about the great number of dead and wounded person with damage of property. But there are no study results available mainly focused on the big traffic accident analysis. Accordingly, this study is essentially for the factor analysis of big accident types including laws violation and the assaulting driver's death using Quantification ll method.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 1996

Detection of arcing high impedance faults has been a perplexing in the power distribution protection. Transient analysis of distribution disturbances for fault discrimination from other normal events is important for a secure protection of the power system. A simple parameter of wave form distortion quantification is used to analyze the behaviors of arcing faults and normal distribution disturbances. Theoretical perspectives of the transients were studied and actual disturbances were examined. From this investigation, a discrimination guideline based on the revised crest factor is developed. The discrimination method has a high potential to enhance the reliability and security for the distribution system protection.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2011

A simultaneous detection and quantification method for determining the Phenylalkylamine derivatives, such as methamphetamine (MA), amphetamine (AM), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), ketamine (KT), norketamine (NKT), phentermine (PT), fenfluramine (FFA) and phenmetrazine (PM), in oral fluid was developed and validated according to international guidelines. The validated method was applied to actual oral fluid samples collected from drug abuse suspects. The recovery of phenylalkylamines from oral fluid collection devices was also assessed. Oral fluid specimens from 20 drug abuse suspects submitted by the police were collected using Salivette$^{TM}$, Quantisal$^{TM}$ or direct expectoration. The samples were screened using a biochip array analyzer. For confirmation, the samples were analyzed by GC-MS in selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode after extraction using automated SPE with a mixed-mode cation exchange cartridge and derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). The results from the immunoassay were consistent with those from GC-MS. All the oral fluid samples gave positive results for MA, AM, PT and/or PM. The detection of phenylalkylamines in oral fluid can provide a better indication of recent use than urine or hair. Therefore, the oral fluid specimen was useful for demonstrating phenylalkylamines abuse in the driving under the influence of drug (DUID) as an alternative specimen for urine.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2023

This study reports for the first time about a stability indicating RP-HPLC method for qualitative and quantitative determination of acalabrutinib in bulk and dosage form and in presence its impurities 1, 2 and 3. The chromatographic separation was carried on Zorbax XDB-C18 (250×4.6 mm; 5 µ id) as stationary phase, Phosphate buffer pH 6.4 and methanol 80:20 (v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, UV detection was carried at wavelength of 238 nm and the analysis was completed with a run time of 15 min. In these conditions the retention time of acalabrutinib and its impurities 1, 2 and 3 was observed to be 3.50, 4.83, 8.40 and 9.93 min respectively. The method was validated for system suitability, range of analysis, precision, specificity, stability and robustness. Spiked recovery at 50 %, 100 % and 150 % was carried for both standard and impurities and the acceptable % recovery of 98-102 was observed for acalabrutinib and both impurities studied and the % RSD in each spiked level was found to be less than 2. Stability tests were done through exposure of the analyte solution to five different stress conditions i.e expose to 1N hydrochloric acid, 1 N sodium hydroxide, 3 % peroxide, 80 ℃ temperature and UV radiation at 254 nm. In all the degradation condition, standard drug acalabrutinib was detected along with both the impurities studied and the degradation products were successfully separated. In the formulation analysis there is no other chromatographic detection of other impurities and formulation excipients. Hence the developed method was found to be suitable for the quantification of acalabrutinib and can separate and analyse impurities 1 and 2.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2009

Assay for the detection and quantification of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV 2) with the real-time PCR were developed. TaqMan probe real-time using a set of primer/probe was developed for detection of PCV 2. In this study we applied real-time PCR assay to 320 samples, collected from pig farms. In 151 of 320 samples, PCV 2 DNA was detected by conventional PCR assay. All samples positive for PCV 2 DNA in conventional PCR assay were also positive in Real-time PCR assay, but 69 of 169 samples that tested negative for PCV 2 DNA in conventional assay were tested positive in TaqMan probe real-time PCR assay. The test of TaqMan probe real-time PCR resulted in detection and quantification limits of 101 copies per sample. TaqMan probe real-time PCR assay increased the number of samples in which PCV 2 was detected by 21%. TaqMan probe real-time PCR assay is very efficient method in contrast to the conventinal PCR, becoming increasingly important method for gene analysis.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.2 s.52
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• pp.263-270
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• 2007

Tunnel behavior measured by monitoring during construction is a main item for safety evaluation and it depends widely upon local geological characteristics. To assess in this study how much the geological factors influence on tunnel behavior for each RMR factor, a quantification analysis was carried out using tunnel face maps and measurements as explanatory variables and dependent variables, respectively. The results showed that average significance of the influence of RMR factors - R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, on tunnel displacements are 17.0%, 20.4%, 20.4%, 11.6% and 30.6%, respectively, and this probably indicates that the groundwater condition played a significant role for the tunnel displacement.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.92-101
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• 2016

In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous determination of the 25 marker components, including chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, homogentisic acid, methyl gallate, caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, nodakenin, ferulic acid, ginsenoside Rg1, liquiritigenin, coumarin, cinnamic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rb1, cinnamaldehyde, paeonol, glycyrrhizin, 6-gingerol, evodiamine, rutecarpine, and spicatoside A in traditional Korean formula, Onkyung-tang. All analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at $45^{\circ}C$ using a mobile phase of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The MS analysis was carried out using a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS coupled with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the positive and negative modes. The flow rate and injection volume were 0.3 mL/min and $2.0{\mu}L$, respectively. The correlation coefficient of all analytes in the test ranges was greater than 0.98. The limits of detection and quantification values of the 25 marker compounds were in the ranges 0.03-19.43 and 0.09-58.29 ng/mL, respectively. As a result, methyl gallate, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, evodiamine, and rutecarpine were not detected in this sample and the concentrations of the 21 compounds except for the above 4 compounds were $33.09-3,496.32{\mu}g/g$ in Onkyung-tang decoction. Among these compounds, paeonol was detected at the highest amount as a $3,496.32{\mu}g/g$.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2008

The scheme to approach emotional design developed in various way of research without defining criterion of emotional way. A aim of this research to derive a new way of approaching system and construct the process in emotional design. In first experiments, analyze meaning of important factors in cooking kits to construct the model of emotional approaching system by the analysis of quantification theory type 3. This shows that four emotional factors as shape, atmosphere, functional matter, information are deeply related with emotional thinking and design. Consequently, the way of emotional approaching in cooking kit have several conditions essentially as following these; 1.Is it have functional advantages to cook? 2. Is it good looking in shape? 3. Is it possible to make some of mood on cooking? 4. How much information of cook we get in? These conditions were classified in detail to establish emotional design system.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.565-569
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different preparation methods on the recovery and quantification of ginsenosides in raw Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Eight major ginsenosides ($Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rb_3$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and $Rg_1$) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), after which the recovery and repeatability of the extraction of those ginsenosides using 3 different preparation methods were compared [A. direct extraction (DE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/direct dissolution; B. solid phase extraction (SPE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/dissolution/$C_{18}$ cartridge adsorption/MeOH elution; C. liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/dissolution/n-BuOH fractionation]. Use of the DE method resulted in a significantly higher recovery of total ginsenosides than other methods and a relatively clear peak resolution. Use of the SPE and LLE methods resulted in clearer peak resolution, but lower ginsenoside recovery than the DE method. The LLE method showed the lowest ginsenoside recovery and repeatability among the 3 methods. Given that the DE method employed only extraction, evaporation, and a dissolution step (avoiding complicate and time consuming purification), this technique may be an effective method for the preparation and quantification of ginsenosides from raw Korean ginseng.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.5 s.91
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

This paper proposes a way to a risk quantification of public sector comparator in the value-for-money test of the BTL (Build-Transfer-Lease) scheme in rail investment projects. Two principal risks that are project delay and budget increasing costs are identified and are empirically quantified with a case study of the Haman-Jinju link. The methodology suggested is expected to be a good reference for the similar research afterwards and also to help in settling down the scheme that is only an early stage.