• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

This paper proposes a model-based approach for structural damage identification and quantification. Using pseudo modal strain energy and mode shape vectors, a damage-sensitive objective function is introduced which is suitable for damage estimation and quantification in shear frames. Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is used to solve the problem and report the optimal solution as damage detection results. To illustrate the capability of the proposed method, a numerical example of a shear frame under different damage patterns is studied in both ideal and noisy cases. Furthermore, the performance of the WOA is compared with particle swarm optimization algorithm, as one the widely-used optimization techniques. The applicability of the method is also experimentally investigated by studying a six-story shear frame tested on a shake table. Based on the obtained results, the proposed method is able to assess the health of the shear building structures with high level of accuracy.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.15A no.6
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• pp.351-360
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• 2008

It seems reasonable to assume that the individualized learning means more than simple teaching-learning method, so the instructional method has attracted a fair amount of attention not only in classroom, but also in the field of a adult education, cooperate education, and so on. In order to have an effect on individualized learning, we need to analyze and measure the learner's characteristic. However it is difficult to represent in quantified form because the conception and category of learner's characteristic is various and extensive. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a quantification method of learner's characteristic, which is limited to learner's cognitive structure and style, and is represented in the light of connectionism, verify the validity. The learner's cognitive structure in this paper was represented, which simplified the learner's cognitive structure. Additionally, the cognitive style in this paper was limited to inertia of knowledge for learner's cognition.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.450-454
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• 2023

Chloride ions in the alloy powder used as flux in Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) can cause pores on the bead surface of the welding metal to cause defects, or chloride remaining in the alloy powder can cause corrosion of the metal. Combustion-ion chromatography is mainly used to quantify the chloride ions in alloy powder, but there is a limitation in that the equipment is expensive and requires a high degree of expertise. Therefore, this study aims to find an easy and accurate quantification method in the field by comparing combustion-ion chromatography (C-IC), which is mainly used for chloride ion quantification of alloy powder, X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), and potentiometric titration. In this article, magnesium-aluminum alloy powder is applied to the quantification of chloride ions because it is most commonly used as flux. This study confirmed that potentiometric titration can be applied to the quantification of chloride ions in the alloy powder in the industry field.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 2023

Among the various elements of probabilistic safety assessment (PSA), human failure events (HFEs) and their dependencies are major contributors to the quantification of risk of a nuclear power plant. Currently, the dependency among HFEs is reflected using a post-processing method in PSA, wherein several drawbacks, such as limited propagation of minimal cutsets through the fault tree and improper truncation of minimal cutsets exist. In this paper, we propose a method to model the HFE dependency directly in a fault tree using the if-then-else logic. The proposed method proved to be equivalent to the conventional post-processing method while addressing the drawbacks of the latter. We also developed a software tool to facilitate the implementation of the proposed method considering the need for modeling the dependency between multiple HFEs. We applied the proposed method to a specific case to demonstrate the drawbacks of the conventional post-processing method and the advantages of the proposed method. When applied appropriately under specific conditions, the direct fault-tree modeling of HFE dependency enhances the accuracy of the risk quantification and facilitates the analysis of minimal cutsets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2017

This paper aims to study a method to estimate precise carbon absorption by quantification of forest information that uses accurate LiDAR data, hyperspectral image. To estimate precise carbon absorption value by using spatial data, a problem was found out of carbon absorption value estimation method with statistical method, which is already existed method, and then offered optimized carbon absorption estimation method with spatial information by analyzing with methods of compare digital aerial photogrammetry and LiDAR data. It turned out possible Precise classification and quantification in case of using LiDAR and hyperspectral image. Various classification of tree species was possible with use of LiDAR and hyperspectral image. Classification of hyperspectral image was matched in general with field survey and Mahalanobis distance classification method. Precise forest resources could be extracted using high density LiDAR data. Compared with existing method, 19.7% in forest area, 19.2% in total carbon absorption, 0.9% in absorption per unit area of difference created, and improvement was found out to be estimated precisely in international code.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 2010

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of dictamine, obacunone and fraxinellone was established for the quality control of traditional herb Dictamnus dasycarpus cortex. Separation and quantification were successfully achieved with a Shiseido C18 column ($5\;{\mu}m$, 4.6 mm I.D. ${\times}$ 250 mm) by gradient elution of a mixture of methanol and water at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The diode-array UV/Vis detector (DAD) was used for the detection and the wavelength for quantification was set at 236 nm. The presence of dictamine, obacunone and fraxinellone in this extract was ascertained by retention time, spiking with each authentic standard and UV spectrum. All three compounds showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.999) in relatively wide concentration ranges. The R.S.D. recovery of each compound was 101.0~103.7% with R.S.D. values less than 1.0%. This method was successfully applied to the determination of contents of dictamine, obacunone and fraxitnellone in three commercial products of D. dasycarpus cortex. These results suggest that the developed HPLC method is simple, effective and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for commercial products.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 2008

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of marker constituents, baicalin and glycyrrhizin was established for the quality control of traditional herbal medicinal preparation, Eul-Ja-Tang (EJT). Separation and quantification were successfully achieved with a Waters XTerra RP18 column ($5{\mu}m$, 4.6 mm I.D. ${\times}$ 150 mm) by gradient elution of a mixture of acetonitrile and water containing 0.03% phosphoric acid (pH 2.03) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The diode-array UV/VIS detector (DAD) was used for the detection and the wavelength for quantification was set at 250 nm. The presence of baicalin and glycyrrhizin in this decoction was ascertained by retention time, spiking with each authentic standard and UV spectrum. Both baicalin and glycyrrhizin showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.999) in a relatively wide concentration ranges. The R.S.D. for intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 5% and the limits of detection (LOD) were about 30 ng. The mean recovery of each compound was 99.5 - 101.2% with R.S.D. values less than 4.0%. This method was successfully applied to the determination of contents of baicalin and glycyrrhizin in three commercial products of EJT, which resulted in the difference in the contents of these compounds. These results suggest that the developed HPLC method is simple, effective and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for commercial EJT products.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.196-204
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• 2012

Quantification of roughness plays an important role in modeling strength deformability and fluid flow behaviors of rock joints. A procedure was suggested to simulate joint roughness, and characteristics of the roughness was investigated in this study. Stationary fractional Brownian profiles with known input values of the fractal parameter and other profile properties were generated based on random midpoint displacement method. Also, a procedure to simulate three dimensional roughness surface was suggested using the random midpoint displacement method. Selected statistical roughness parameters were calculated for the generated self-affine profiles to investigate the attribute of roughness. Obtained results show that statistical parameters applied in this study were able to consider correlation structure and amplitude of the profiles. However, effect of data density should be tackled to use statistical parameters for roughness quantification.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2009

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of marker constituents, paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin was established for the quality control of traditional herbal medicinal preparation, Sayuk-san (SYS). Separation and quantification were successfully achieved with a Waters XTerra RP18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6mm\;I.D.{\times}150mm$) by gradient elution of a mixture of acetonitrile and water containing 0.03% phosphoric acid (pH 2.03) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The diode-array UV/vis detector (DAD) was used for the detection and the wavelength for quantification was set at 230 nm. The presence of paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin in this decoction was ascertained by retention time, spiking with each authentic standard and UV spectrum. All two compounds showed good linearity ($r^2$>0.996) in a relatively wide concentration ranges. The R.S.D. for intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 7.3% and the limits of detection (LOD) were less than 55.7 ng. The mean recovery of each compound was $102.3{\sim}111.1%$ with R.S.D. values less than 4.6%. This method was successfully applied to the determination of contents of paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin in three commercial products of SYS. These results suggest that the developed HPLC method is simple, effective and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for commercial SYS products.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.421-428
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• 2009

On the visualization of categorical data, if the number of categories is small, we can consider Hayashi Quantification Method 3 for visualization of the categories of the variables. But it is known that the method is unstable because it quantifies more significantly for the small frequency categories rather than large frequency categories. The purpose of this research is to propose the visualization of large two-way crosstabulation data by PLS methods for checking the relationship between the categories of row and column variables. In this research, we utilize the PLS visualization methods (Huh et al., 2007) that is proposed for visualization of the qualitative data to visualize the categories of the large categorical data. We also compared both methods by applying them to real data, and studied the results from PLS visualization method on the real categorized data with many categories.