• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2014

This work was conducted to investigate the variation of growth and yield among three generations ($TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$) in the field cultivation of virus-free sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) plants. Virus-free generations of three cultivars ('Matnami', 'Shinhwangmi', and 'Yeonhwangmi') were cultivated with $75{\times}25cm$ planting density on May 20th, covered with black vinyl film. At 30 days after planting, vine growth in $TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$ was significantly increased as compared to the farmer's plant, and vine length in $TC_0$ showed the highest growth among treatments. At harvesting time after 120 days, vine diameter, number of node, and number of branch in $TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$ were more increased than farmer's plant, but were not statistically significant. Fresh weight of shoot in $TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$ was significantly increased as compared to the farmer's plant, but was not statistically significant among generations or cultivars. Number of tuber per plant and mean weight of tuber in $TC_0$ and $TC_1$ showed significant increasement, but that in $TC_2$ did not show significant difference as compared to the farmer's plant. Weight of tuber per plant in $TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$ was significantly increased as compared to the farmer's plant. Marketable yield, percentage of marketable tuber, and percentage of small tuber (40 to 200g) in $TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$ was significantly increased as compared to the farmer's plant. The large tuber over 300g showed the lowest percentage in $TC_0$. Marketable yield in $TC_2$ was significantly decreased as compared to $TC_0$, and was not significantly different as compared to the farmer's plant. Marketable yield in 'Matnami' was highest among cultivars. From this results, Farmers are required to renew every three years to maintain the yield and quality of virus-free plants. However, the exchange period of virus-free plants is desirable to renew every 2 or 3 years according to the degree of virus reinfection.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of study is to provide basic information about the effects of leisure time use and leisure activity performance for intellectual disabilities residing in a residential care facility by participating a regular rehabilitation sports program. Methods : Participants were recruited 8 individual with intellectual disability in a residential care facility in Yong-in city and the study period lasted 12 weeks, from september 1 to November 30 in 2015. As a program, participants participated a muscle strengthening exercise using a Gym-ball and a elastic band. In order to analyze leisure time-use, time questionnaire was used every month to analyze total time and exercise frequency. Also, analyze the effects of leisure activity performance, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM) was used to performance and satisfaction of dynamic leisure activity. Collected data was encoded by item and analyzed with SPSS ver18.0. Descriptive statistics were used for the participants' general information. A non-parametric test (the Friedman test) was used to analyze leisure time-use. A non-parametric test (the Wilcoxon's signed ranked test) was used to analyze to the effects of leisure activity performance. Statistical significance was accepted outside the 95% confidence interval. Results : The results of the total time and the exercise frequency showed significant increase. Also, the results of the performance and the satisfaction showed significant increase. Conclusion : Thus, the participation of the rehabilitation sports program is a vital element to lead to change leisure time use and leisure activity performance for intellectual disabilities residing in a residential care facility. Also, through the providing and the developing a regular rehabilitation sports program systematically, intellectual disabilities residing in a residential care facility have a higher quality of life and satisfaction of the daily routine and life in a residential care facility.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.677-686
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• 2004

The objective of this experiment was to select the best strain of lactic acid bacteria for the manufacture of new type of yogurt with rice powders. Changes in pH, titratable acidity, viable cell counts, viscosity, organic acid contents, carbohydrates during fennentation were monitored and sensory evaluation were examined. The yogurt added with 4% rice or skim milk powders and L. salivarius ssp. salivarius culture did not reach pH 4.5, because the production of acids in this media for the culture was weak. The yogurt added with 4% rice or skim milk powder with L. casei, the pH was low and the titratable acidity was high, and therefore the quality of yogurt after 8 hours from fermentation was not high. The yogurt added with 4% rice or skim milk powders with a mixed culture of B. longum, L. acidophilus, Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus was considered best for achieving pH 4.5 and titratable acidity of 1.0 % from 8 to 14 hours. The yogurt with a mixed culture had more acetic acid. Galactose was accumulated when L. salivarius ssp. salivarius or the mixed culture were used for fermenting yogurt. In sensory evaluation, the yogurt with the mixed culture received high overall sensory score. From these results, a mixed culture of B. longum, L. acidophilus, Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus was identified as the best for the manufacture of yogurt added with rice powder.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2021

Interest in edible insects such as Protaetia brevitarsis has increased rapidly, and several insect producers use these insects in industrialized mass production. However, mass rearing of insects can cause insect diseases. Sprouted barley is a valuable source of nutrients and has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sprouted barley as a feed additive for producing healthy P. brevitarsis larvae. P. brevitarsis larvae were fed feeds with or without sprouted barley, and their body weight and larval period wewe checked weekly. To confirm the antibacterial effects of sprouted barley, in vitro bioassays were performed by counting Serratia marcescens colonies, and in vivo bioassays were performed by determining the survival rate and body weights of the S. marcescens-infected larvae. Larvae fed different feeds were analyzed for their nutrient compositions (i.e., such as proximate composition, minerals, amino acids, and heavy metals). Larvae fed 5% and 10% sprouted barley had maximum weight increases of 19.2% and 23.1%, respectively. Both treatment groups had significantly shorter larval periods than those of the control group. Sprouted barley markedly inhibited the growth of entomopathogenic S. marcescens. Furthermore, larvae fed sprouted barley exhibited higher Cu, Zn, and K levels. Seventeen amino acids were present in larvae fed sprouted barley, of which, tyrosine and glutamic acid were predominant. No heavy metals were detected in any of the investigated groups. Therefore, sprouted barley may be a suitable feed additive for producing high-quality P. brevitarsis larvae.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.238-246
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of seeding date and fall harvest method on the growth characteristics, forage yield and quality of winter rye(Seca1e cereale L.) at the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, SNU, Suweon from 5 September 1992 to 21 May 1993. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Main plots consisted of three harvests, no defoliation, cutting and grazing. Sub-plots consisted of seeding dates, early(5 September), mid(25 September) and late(l0 October). The results obtained are summari7d as follows; I . A 3-day difference in the first heading of rye was observed between no defoliation and fall grazing, while there was a 6day difference between early and late seeding dates. Therefore, the effect of seeding dates on the fist heading date of rye was larger than that of fall harvest methods. 2. CP content of rye with fall grazing was slightly higher averaged 16.5% compared with both fall cutting and no defoliated 1ye(15.6%). Mean CP content of rye at the early, mid and late seeding dates was 14.2, 14.5 and 19.1 %, respectively. 3. ADF content of rye was slightly higher with both fall cutting(29.99) and no defoliation(29.5%) than that of fall grazing(28.0%). ADF content of rye at the early, mid and late seeding dates was 30.7, 29.1 and 27.7%, respectively. Effect of fall harvest methods and seeding dates on NDF content of rye were similar to the observations made on ADF. 4. RFV and IVDMD of rye were lower with both no defoliation and fall cutting than fall grazing. but those of rye slightly increased with seeding dates progressed. 5. Dry matter yield of rye was the highest of 6,779 kg/ha with fall cutting, while the lowest yield of 6,240 kg/ha was obtained from no defoliation But no significant difference was found among the harvest methods. Dry matter yield of rye was significantly declined with later seedings. It is concluded that the highest forage yield of rye be possible from two harvest systems of fall and spring with earlier seeding rather than from one harvest system of spring.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.922-928
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• 2011

In order to properly manage the quality of water in Juam Lake, distributions and growth characteristics of submerged plants in Boknae flood control reservoir were investigated. In addition, the total amount of nutrient load by submerged plants were investigated. The total vegetation area was $1,146,849m^2$ of total flood control reservoirs ($1,848,568m^2$) before flooding. By August 19, all of Boknae flood control reservoir was flooded during rainy season. Dominant plants were MISSA (Miscanthus sacchariflorus), SCPMA (Scirpus fluviatilis) and CRXDM (Carex dimorpholepis) which occupied 87% of all flood control reservoirs. The total amounts of organic matter loads at different submerged plants were great in the order of CRXDM ($501,642kg\;area^{-1}$) > SCPMA ($20,987kg\;area^{-1}$) > MISSA ($3,413kg\;area^{-1}$). The total amounts of nitrogen loads by CRXDM, SCPMA and MISSA under different submerged plants were 56%, 3.9% and 0.8%, respectively. The total amounts of phosphorus loads at different submerged plants were on the order of CRXDM ($1,842kg\;area^{-1}$) > SCPMA ($78kg\;area^{-1}$) > MISSA ($14.8kg\;area^{-1}$). Therefore, the results of this study suggest that organic matter, T-N and T-P in water quality of Juam lake were strongly influenced by submerged plants in flood control reservoir.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 1982

This survey was conducted to investigate the status of repair and maintenance of 4 wheel tractor for a basic reference to the improvement of quality and proper utilization of tractors. Thirty two counties from eight provinces, except Jeju, were covered in this study in order to investigate annual break-down and repair of tractor in 1980. The analyzed results are summarized as follows; 1. The average number of break-down of large size tractors(47ps) was 5.0 times in a year and it was about twice of that of small size tractors(19-23ps). The break-down frequency per 100 hours of use was 1.11 times in the large size and 0.65 times in the small size tractors. 2. 75.6 percent of total break-down was occured in main body of tractor and 24.4 percent in attachments. In particular, the break-down of plow and rotavator was more than 80 percent of total break-down of the small size tractor attachments. 3. The large size tractors which were occured more than one times of break-down a year was 75 percent and its rate of the small size tractor was 62 percent. But 9 percent of tractor surveyed had more than ten times of break-down in a year 4. The frequency of break-down had a peak in May, and it was directly proportional to the hours of use. 5. The causes of break-down were poor maintenance and operation by 29.8 precent, old parts by 30.2 percent, poor quality of parts by 20.6 percent, poor field condition by 16.3 percent and others by 3.1 percent. 6. Annual number of repair was 5.5 times and among them 55.6 percent was done by shop and 44.4 percent by operator. 7. Total required repair time was 30.6 hours a year in the large size tractor and 19.9 hours in the small size tractor. Average repair time was 3.62 hours a time. 8. Annual repair cost was 278 thousand won in the large size tractor and 70 thousand won in the small size tractor. The repair cost per hour of use was 621 won in the large size and 198 won in the small size tractor. 9. The repair cost rate of tractor(Y) was regulated with tractor age (X) as follow; Y=0.752X In case of the service life of tractor was 10 years, the total repair cost rate was 64 percent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.5 s.72
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• pp.840-846
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of electron beam irradiation and cooking temperature on physico-chemical characteristics and lipid oxidation of beef. A total of six beef carcasses ($280\∼300 kg$) that were quality grade $1^{+}$(marbling score No.7, meat color No.4, maturity No.1, texture No.1) was purchased at the commercial slaughter house. The carcasses were transported and washed using high pressure water, and pasteulized with $ 50\% $ ethyl alcohol in the laboratory. After the carcasses were deboned and trimmed, loin and round were taken out to make steak (1.5cm thickness) or ground beef respectively. Samples were wrap or vacuum packaged and irradiated with 0, 3, 4.5, 6 and 7.5 kGy using electron-beam accelerator at Samsung Heavy Industries Ltd. Co. (in Taejun). Irradiated samples were cooked with different methods(electronic pan and gas oven) and temperatures ($ 60^{\circ}C, 70^{\circ}C and 80^{\circ}C$) and used to measure fatty acid composition, TBARS, cholesterol oxide products and panel test scores. The content of saturated fatty acids increased by increasing heating temperature in oven boiling steak (OBS) and pan boiling steak (PBS), and there was no difference by electron-beam irradiation. Both irradiated and non-irradiated treatment were high as the heating temperature increased in TBARS by heating temperature in PBS (p < 0.05) and the amount of Malonaldehyde (MA), standard of fat deterioration, was increased in OBS (p < 0.05). Non-irradiated and 3, 6 kGy treatment produced about 2 fold amount of MA at $ 60^{\circ}C $ compared with $ 80^{\circ}C $. In comparison with PBS, OBS produced much amount of MA and a bit different from non-irradiated treatment but did not show no tendency. As irradiation levels and heating temperature increased, the amount of cholesterol oxides products was increased and also pan-heating method, direct heating method, significantly increased the degree of oxidation compared with oven-heating method, indirect heating method (p < 0.05).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.834-839
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• 2007

This study was designed to determine the optimal ratio of dropwort powder in castella by adding the powder at levels of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12% respectively. The properties of the castella were analyzed by specific gravity, specific volume, color determinations, texture properties and sensory evaluation. The Specific gravity increased with increasing amount of dropwort powder. However, the specific volume decreased with increasing dropwort powder. For the color values, as more dropwort powder was added, the L-value decreased. The castella with 9% dropwort powder had a higher hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. A sensory panel perceived that the external and internal color of the castella become darker with the dropwort powder substitution and the grain size decreased with increasing amount dropwort powder, while sweet taste showed no significant difference. The order of overall preference was DP 9>DP 6>DP 12>CON>DP 3. Therefore, the substitution of 9% of wheat flour with dropwort powder was recommended in the production of castella.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a coating agent on pork storage. Pork was coated with a coating agent containing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and mandarin peel powder (M). The treatments were divided into control, a 0.1% CMC treatment, and a 0.1% CMC +5% M treatment, and pH, color, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and the number of viable cell counts were measured. In the case of redness (a), it was found that the reduction over the storage period was less in the 0.1% CMC + 5% M treatment than in the control and the 1% CMC treatment. When stored at 4℃ and 25℃, TBARS of pork tended to increase during the storage period, followed by control, 0.1% CMC treatment, and 0.1% CMC + 5% M treatment, indicating that lipid oxidation was most suppressed in pork coated with mandarin peel powder. As a result of measuring the VBN of pork stored at 4℃ and 25℃, the 0.1% CMC + 5% M treatment showed lower values than the control and 0.1% CMC treatment. When the film-coated pork was stored at 4℃, the number of viable cell counts in the 0.1% CMC +5% M treatment area was 7.13±0.96 log CFU/g on the 12th day of storage, delaying the growth of viable cell counts for approximately 3 d more than other treatments. Therefore, coating pork with a film containing CMC and mandarin peel powder has been confirmed to delay the increase in the number of viable cell counts while reducing the quality change during pork storage, which is an effective alternative to improving the storage of fresh food as an edible film.