• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2005

The assessment on characteristics of hydraulic behavior and water quality variations of underground reservoirs of buildings were studied. Firstly, it was thought that underground reservoir capacities($m^3$) of buildings should be not determinated by the uniform and same methods but be estimated on the basis of the dwelling areas on dominated households and their residential characteristics, because these characteristics influence significantly on actual water usages and patterns of buildings. Secondly, it was likely that the average reduction rate of residual chlorine in underground reservoirs were affected from the their capacities, because the average reduction rate of residual chlorine in underground reservoirs under $1,000m^3$ was 43 percent, on the other hand, that rate of underground reservoirs over $1,000m^3$ was 60 percent. Thirdly, through the field investigation, the retention time of drinking water in underground reservoirs were in the range from 0.3 day to 3.9 day. In addition to, the average reduction rate of residual chlorine were depended largely on the retention time of drinking water. When the retention time was under 24 hours, the average reduction rate of residual chlorine was 45 percent, and in case of over 24 hours, was 49 percent. Fourth, water level in underground reservoirs was averagely varied in the range from 0.1 m to 2.65 m at the height of underground reservoirs. If considered actual height of underground reservoirs, 37.6 percent of the height of underground reservoirs was only used. Consequently, the frequency of the inflow and outflow of drinking water in underground reservoir were very increased, and had an effect on the reduction of residual chlorine. Lastly, the investigations on hydraulic structure characteristics of underground reservoirs inside showed the locations of inflow and outflow of drinking water almost were in the opposite direction. And some buildings had several baffles in the middle. Nevertheless, their installations had no beneficial for the improvement of water quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1753-1761
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• 2013

The individual and interactive effects of Schisandra chinensis powder (SCP) and sodium nitrite additions on color, pH, water holding capacity, residual nitrite, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile basic nitrogen, texture properties, fatty acids, amino acids and sensory evaluation of cooked pork sausages were investigated after 20 d of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The powders (0, 0.5 and 1.0%) were added to sausages either alone or in combination with nitrite (0 and 100 ppm). SCP added-sausages showed lower $L^*$ (lightness) and W (whiteness) values, and higher $b^*$ (yellowness) values than sausage containing no nitrite, and exhibited the highest $a^*$ values at a 0.5% addition (p<0.05). Residual nitrite and TBARS values were found to be significantly reduced as the addition levels of SCP increased (p<0.05). As the addition of SCP increased, the sausage showed gradually decreased brittleness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness, while adhesiveness increased. Polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6 and n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio concentrations were significantly higher in sausages containing SCP (p<0.05). The addition of SCP to sausage significantly (p<0.05) increased the ammonia content (by 0.5% SCP) and aromatic amino acid concentrations (by 1.0% SCP) (p<0.05). Inclusion of SCP in sausage meat resulted in a significant deterioration in quality characteristics of flavor, springiness, juiciness and overall acceptability (p<0.05). As expected, the observed changes in $a^*$, W, pH, shear force, texture property, TBARS, fatty acid, amino acid and sensory score of sausages, depended on the rate of addition of nitrite (p<0.05). These results suggest that SCP addition is not an effective way of improving the sensory evaluation of sausages, but may beneficially affect TBARS, nitrite scavenging activity, fatty acid and amino acid content in pork sausages.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.414-429
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• 2020

For the management of rivers, the target water quality is set by establishing the total amount of water pollution and water environment basic plan. For Geumho river T-P has achieved the target water quality, but for BOD, COD, TOC the target water quality of the water environment basic plan has been exceed for the past five years. Therefore, the flow rate for satisfying the target water quality was simulated by analyzing the load, load density, and pollution contribution rate of the Geumho river using BOD, COD, TOC and by utilizing QUAL-MEV a one-dimensional water quality model. According to the analysis of the load, the BOD, COD and TOC all showed the highest levels at the Geumho C point at 9,832.2 kg/day 20,656.6 kg/day, and 15,545.1 kg/day. The load density was highest at 9.47 kg/day/㎢, 37.55 kg/day/㎢, 30.20 kg/day/㎢, and 17.19 kg/day/㎢, 39.14 kg/day/㎢ in Dalseocheon stream during the wet seasons and dry seasons. Pollution contribution rate was highest at about 25 percent for Palgeocheon stream during the wet season and about 50 percent for Dalseocheon stream during the dry season. In addition, the correlation analysis between organic materials showed in the main stream and tributaty of the Geumho river that COD-TOC was 0.8 or higherthan BOD-COD and BOD-TOC in both the wet seasons and dry seasons. And after surveying the total amount of water pollution and the target quality of the water environment basic plan at Geumho C, it was analyzed that an additional flow tate of 14 times and 22 times was needed as of April 2019 (3.46 ㎥/sec).

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.200-219
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• 2008

The effective management of uncertainty is one of the most fundamental problems in medical decision making. According to the literatures review, most medical decision models rely on point estimates for input parameters. However, it is natural that they should be interested in the relationship between changes in those values and subsequent changes in model output. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the ranges of numerical values for which each option will be most efficient with respect to the input parameters. The Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process(NHPP) was used for describing the behavior of aging chronic diseases. Three kind of failure models (linear, exponential, and power law) were considered, and each of these failure models was studied under the assumptions of unknown scale factor and known aging rate, known scale factor and unknown aging rate, and unknown scale factor and unknown aging rate, respectively. In addition, this study illustrated developed method with an analysis of data from a trial of immunotherapy in the treatment of chronic Granulomatous disease. Finally, the proposed design of Bayesian value of information analysis facilitates the effective use of the computing capability of computers and provides a systematic way to integrate the expert's opinions and the sampling information which will furnish decision makers with valuable support for quality medical decision making.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2014

In order to improve the refresh rate of old newspaper(ONP), PCC shape-controlling experiments were carried out. The effect of a PCC polymorph on improving the quality of old newspaper was studied for a transformation from waste paper to eco-friendly paper. The synthesis of PCC consists of an in-situ process and a loading process to enhance the refresh rate of old newspaper. The characteristics between the in-situ process and the loading process could be analysed by SEM analyses of coated fiber surfaces. The retention rate ranges from 65 to 67% after the application of the in-situ process, and that after the loading process ranges from 55 to 58%. The retention rates thus show a difference of about 7-10%. In addition, the whiteness and ERIC characteristics of the in-situ process gave more efficient results than those of the loading process.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1322-1327
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• 2004

In the present work, a series of experiments have been performed on electro-hydrodynamic atomization of non-conducting liquid using a charge injection type nozzle. Effects of liquid flow rate, input voltage, and distance between the needle and the ground electrode (nozzle-embedded metal plate) have been examined. For fixed electrode distances, total and spray currents increase with increase of liquid flow rate and input voltage. When the distance between the needle and the ground electrode becomes closer, total, leakage and spray current increase, but the onset voltage for dielectric breakdown decreases. When the electric field strength of the liquid jet exceeds that for the air breakdown, a portion of the electric charges in the liquid jet is dissipated into the ambient air, and the charge density shows a limiting value. Atomization quality can be improved by increasing the flow rate because the higher charge density is achieved with the larger liquid velocity in addition to the enhanced aerodynamic effect.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.36 no.1 s.67
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• pp.121-138
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the economic effect of the release of seed flounder to the central area of the West Sea, which was analyzed into both direct and indirect effects. The results showed that based on the data collected from partial area, the economic effect of flounder seed release reached 6.97 times, average catch proportion was 32.27$\%$, and recapture rate was 11.26$\%$, suggesting that economic effect was very high. In addition, it was observed that the recapture rate was greatly higher than 2.05$\%$, that of Break-Even-Point. It was noted that the increased catch by the release of seed flounder resulted in the increase in commission of sales and the increase in sports fishing. Another economic effect observed were diverse including the increase in income of fishing village, elevated spirit to proper management of fisheries resources, maintaining of willingness to live in fishing village through activation of local fishing village, prevention of illegal fishing including capture of juvenile fish, and the increase in the supply of sea food of high quality. It is emphasized that although the investigation was conducted in the same area, the results will vary by size at release, time at release and other factors. Finally, there is a need to expand species and area of study for more active economic analysis incorporating natural sciences.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.10-11
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• 2020

This research is part of the research for unifying the mass concrete and utilizing the rate of super retarding agent. We analyzed the performance of super retarding agent under low temperature conditions. It was found that there was no deterioration in fluidity and air quality due to the change in the super retarding agent mixing rate. It was found that when super retarding agent was mixed up to 0.5 %, it was delayed for 22.3 hours at 20℃, 48.2 hours at 10℃, and 48.5 hours at 5℃. Therefore in order to ensure the performance required at the site, the super retarding agent mixing rate must be determined by fully considering the situation at the site. In addition it will be analyzed that super retarding agent performance analysis at high temperature will be required in subsequent studies.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the possibility of using mouse embryonic stem cell conditioned medium (ESCM) and embryonic stem cell medium (ESM) for in vitro maturation in the efficient in vitro production of blastocysts from porcine follicular oocyte. Depending on the concentration of supplement of ESCM added to the NCSU-23 solution did not affect 2-cell development rates and blastocysts development. However, in particular, the survival rate (10 days of culture) of blastocyst was significantly higher than that of the control group as the additive concentration (30%) increased (p < 0.05). The survival rate of blastocysts showed a similar tendency even with addition of ESM (30%) alone. On the other hand, the duration of the addition of these additives during IVM (0-44 h) was that the IVM I period (0-22 h) were more effective than the IVM II period (22-44 h). Thus, the effect of these additives is probably due to the combination of the various physiologically active substances of ESCM or the appropriate amino acids and vitamins of ESM. In particular, these additives were more effective during the first half (IVM I) of in vitro maturation. In summary, optimization of ESCM or ESM supplementation may improve in vitro maturation of porcine oocyte and affect developmental competency. Therefore, if more efficient methods of adding ESCM or ESM to basal culture medium can be developed during in vitro maturation of porcine follicle oocytes, high quality blastocysts will be developed from low porcine follicular oocyte compared to other domestic animals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05c
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• pp.166-169
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• 2003

In this study, we evaluated the characteristics by the addition of 3 different kinds of nonionic surfactant to improve the dispersion stability of slurries. Slurry stability is an issue in any industry in which settling of particles can result in poor performance. So we observed the variation of particle size and settling rate when the concentration and addition time of surfactant are changed. When the surfactant is added after milling process, the particle size and pH became low. It is supposed that the particle agglomeration was disturbed by adsorption of surfactant on alumina abrasive. The settling rate was relatively stable when nonionic surfactant is added about 0.1~1.0 wt%. When molecular weight(MW) is too small like Brij 35, it was appeared low effect on dispersion stability. Because it can't prevent coagulation and subsequent settling with too small MW. The proper quality of MW for slurry stability was presented about 500,000. Consequently, the addition of nonionic surfactant to alumina slurry has been shown to have very good effect on slurry stabilization. If we apply this results to copper CMP process, it is thought that we will be able to obtain better yield.