• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2018

Torrefaction is the promising process of pretreating biomass materials to increase the quality of their energy, especially to upgrade the materials' grindability so that it is suitable for a commercial pulverizer machine. In this study, torrefaction of oak, bamboo, oil palm trunk, and rice husk was carried out under different torrefaction temperatures ($300^{\circ}C$, $330^{\circ}C$, and $350^{\circ}C$) and different torrefaction residence times (30, 45, and 60 minutes). Complete characterization of the torrefied biomass, including proximate analysis, calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis, mass yield, energy yield, and grindability properties (Hardgrove Grindability Index) was carried out. Increasing the torrefaction temperature and residence time significantly improved the calorific value, energy density (by reducing the product mass), and grindability of the product. Furthermore, for commercial purposes, the torrefaction conditions that produced the desired grindability properties of the torrefied product were $330^{\circ}C-30minutes$ and $300^{\circ}-45minutes$, and the latter condition produced a higher energy yield for bamboo, oil palm trunk, and rice husk; however, torrefaction of oak did not achieve the targeted grindability property values.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.880-891
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was (1)to undertake a survey to identify the profile of inactive nurses, who account for 42.2% of the 130,000 RN(Registered Nurses) in Korea, (2)to identify factors related to the inactivation of these nurses, (3)to identify reasons behind the high turnover rate of nurses, and (4)to delineate measures for inactive nurses to participate in professional nursing activities so as to upgrade the quality of the health care delivery system in Korea. For these purposes, this study surveyed existing literature on the turnover of nurses and, used the nominal group technique of action research, to collect ideas from hospital/nurse administrators, inactive nurses, nurses on the job, graduate students in nursing, part-time nurses, patients, and their families to formulate strategies to mobilize inactive nurses. The findings are as follows : Frist, institutional supports should be provided to mobilize inactive nurses. To be more specific : (1) A data-base needs be created at the Korean Nurses Association to link inactive nurses with jobs available. (2) Retraining programs need be established to equip inactive nurses for new jobs. (3) Comprehensive information related to employment needs should be made available. Second, a conducive environment needs to be created to draw in inactive nurses to the job market. To be more specific : (1) A system of part-time work needs to be introduced in hospitals. (2) Nurse-specialists need to be promoted. (3) Potential jobs need to be created. (4) Working environment and terms and conditions for nurses need to be improved. (5) Competent nurses need to be secured in the health care delivery system. To achieve the goals presented above, this paper presented 55 specific strategies that may help mitigate the turnover rate of nurses and, in turn, help make the Korean Nurses Association effective in implementing its policies.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.53-78
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• 1992

GMDSS-the Global Maritime Distress and Safety system which is utilizing the new technologies such as satellite communication system, DSC and NBCP-is effectuated not only by the amendment of SOLAS but also by the conference of RR and IMO's MSC, and will be the major factor of the variation of the demand and supply of Radio Operators. To cope with the GMDSS voluntarily, regulations relating to the radio installation, the posting of Radio Operators, the bounds of duty, etc. must be established and the demand and supply of Radio Operators which take charge of the system must be accomplished pertinently. In this study, the authors suggested some practical schemes to improve the effect of policy as follow. 1. The Ministry of Communication must supervise strictly the arrangement of Radio Operators, especially relating tot he legally qualified complement of Radio Station, and must review the official certification system to upgrade the quality of Radio Operators. 2. The Ministry of Communication must take overall charge of the qualitifications and technical standards of Radio Operators, the extent of their engagement, etc. which are provided by International Regulations. 3. Relating Administrations must cooperate with Shipping Companies in onboard-training to foster and ensure the manpower of Radio Operators. 4. Institutional devices to drive the resolute investment in education and training for mariners, especially for the ship's officers, must be prepared. 5. The Communication Administration and the Korea Maritime and Port Adminstration(KMPA) must cooperate mutually in the balance of the demand and supply of Radio Operators and use make their best to realize more harmonious policies on the demand and supply of manpower.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.121-144
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• 2007

The International Chamber of Commerce has been the world's leading organization in the field of international commercial dispute resolution. Established in 1923 as the arbitration body of ICC, the International Court of Arbitration has pioneered international commercial arbitration as it is known today. The ICC International Court of Arbitration is the world's foremost institution in the resolution of international business disputes. While most arbitration institutions are regional or national in scope, the ICC Court is truly international. The purpose of this paper is to examine their advantages and to introduce main contents provided in ICC Rules of Arbitration as follows; First, before the actual merits of the case can be addressed, the Arbitral Tribunal must first draw up the Terms of Reference. The Terms of Reference should include the particulars listed in the ICC Rules. Apart from the full names and description of the parties and arbitrators, the place of arbitration and a summary of the parties' respective claims, they contain particulars concerning the applicable procedural rules and any other provisions required to make the Award enforceable at law Second, the Scrutiny is a fundamental feature of ICC arbitration and is one that distinguishes it from the other major international arbitration rules. The scrutiny system has two aspects ; the first is to identify or modify the defects of form, while the second is to draw the arbitrators' attention to points of substance. Third, as soon as practicable, the Court fixes an advance on costs intended to cover the estimated fees and expenses of the arbitrators, as well as the administrative expenses of ICC. Specially, the advance on costs fixed by the Court shall be payable in equal shares by the Claimant and Respondent. Finally, the parties are also free to select the arbitrator or arbitrators of their choice. The Court or the Secretary General confirms arbitrators nominated by the parties. Taking a step forward, to upgrade the quality of the award of KCAB, it is desirable to consider how to incorporate the main contents of the ICC Arbitration into Korea Commercial Arbitration Rules.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.160-165
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• 2007

Recently, the interior design of electric home appliance stores requires comprehensive image management with systemic marketing strategies and consistence in order to attract consumers to purchase products. However, the environment of domestic electric home appliance stores is complex and confused by indiscreet design factors and operation. Despite of the fact that company costs a lot of money to manage each store, consumers are not provided with selling environment with high quality. On the other hand, it is inevitable to compete with foreign specialized stores and discount malls due to opening distribution market. Besides, company has faced to attract customers with distinct strategies in order to survive in various competition system. In this sense, in store environment, there should be consistent image in interior design of the store based on management ideology of the company for the successful management of electric home appliance stores. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the case of Samsung Electronics's electric home appliance stores among domestic electric home appliance stores that is applied with Store Identity Program (hereafter SIP) and to suggest solutions for the problems. Therefore, it is purposed to use as references for the stores that has the similar interior design plan. The result of this study is to upgrade the store image through providing basic data about role of data and distinct factors for competitive design as a part of Store Identity Strategy. Furthermore, it can be important data to optimize the profits and to make positive space for both consumer and company as company and products are credible with mental satisfaction of consumers if there is enough study on SIP and process and symbol of company and products to consumers, enough recognition and improvement on problems.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2012

이 연구는 2010 마닐라 개정을 적용한 필리핀 해기 교육 및 훈련의 STCW 78/95의 이행여부를 검토한다. 또한 각국의 해사환경, 해기교육의 구조와 질, 해기인적 자원의 효과에 대해 논한다. 2010 마닐라 회의에서 채택한 다양한 결의안 중에서, 이 논문에서는 훈련과 증명의 기준 및 기술과 역량 증진에 대해 강조한다. 이는 필리핀고등교육위원회(CHED)에 의해 위임된 기존의 교과과정과 해사훈련위원회(MTC)에 의해 향상된 STCW 훈련을 비교할 것이며, 다른 아시아 국가에서의 해기 훈련에 대해서도 비교 분석할 것이다. 해기교육기관의 자격과 평가에 대한 현재 해사 제도의 약점을 지적한다. 이 연구에서는 미래에 유능한 인적자원 개발 측면에서 상호 채택 가능한 평가기준이 필요하다고 결론짓고 있다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.31-50
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 2001년 개발을 시작으로 학교도서관의 자료 관리를 해결하고, 자료의 공동 활용을 위한 데이터 구축을 지원해 온 DLS의 근본적인 문제점을 조사하고, 이를 해결할 수 있는 개선방안을 모색하고자 한다. 연구방법으로 DLS 전문위원 9명을 대상으로 자료선정, 자료등록, 대출반납, 장서점검, 통계, 이용자검색의 6가지 영역에서 DLS의 사용현황과 문제점을 조사하고 이를 해결할 개선방안을 제안하였다. 자료선정 측면에서는 수서시스템 도입 및 온라인 희망도서 구입신청 기능 추가가 필요하다. 자료등록 측면에서는 데이터 품질 관리 향상과 검색기능 향상을 위한 색인어의 체계적 입력 및 어휘통제가 필요하다. 대출반납 측면에서는 대출속도 향상이, 장서점검 측면에서는 폐기자료의 복원 기능이, 통계 측면에서는 정확한 통계자료 생성이 필요하다. 이용자검색에서는 검색속도 향상 및 이용자 인터페이스 기능 향상이 필요하다. 본 연구는 앞으로 DLS 시스템 개선에 많은 기여를 할 것이며 이에 따라 DLS 이용도 향상될 것이다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.2341-2347
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 고속 FPGA 및 임베디드 리눅스를 사용하여 곡물 선별 모니터링 시스템을 구현하였다. 기존의 곡물 선별 모니터링 시스템은 독립형 모드에 기반으로 설계하였는데 비해 제안 된 시스템은 웹 서버와 웹 응용 프로그램 기반으로 설계하였다. 제안된 곡물 선별 시스템은 웹 서버 상에서 FPGA의 고속 하드웨어 인터페이스를 설계하였다. 제안 된 시스템은 리눅스 웹 서버의 멀티태스킹의 장점과 FPGA의 고속 하드웨어의 장점을 갖는다. 고속 레이트 라인 스캔 CCD 카메라의 제어 로직, 무게 중심점 추출 방법, 그리고 HSL 디코딩 및 웹 서버의 인터페이스는 FPGA로 구현하였다. 구현된 모니터링 시스템은 웹 애플리케이션에 의해 곡물 선별 모니터링과 시스템 고장 및 복구를 원격으로 제어 할 수 있다는 장점을 갖는다. 그 결과, 기존의 시스템에 비해 곡물 선별 성능을 업그레이드 할 수 있었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

As design tools, building performance certification systems can be applied to provide adequate guidelines on design process to create environment-friendly buildings. Domestic certification systems of residential building took effect by doing supply to designers and contractors from affiliated organization of governments in the early 2000s. As a result, Building Energy Rating System, Apartment Performance Rating System, Green Homes and other means to promote green designs have been operated. International trends of applying certification systems were started in the early 1990s as forms of LEED in USGBC, BREEAM in BRE, GBTool Canada. These systems aim to evaluate building performance in line with the Climatic Change Convention and realize sustainable building design. In 2009, residential buildings accounted for the largest portion of the internal real estate market with 67.9 percent according to the National Statistical Office data. And for 18 years since 1991, apartments among constructed residential buildings have ranked top taking up 77.7% as of 2009. Apartment performance evaluations accordingly are to promote to constitution of improving tenant quality of life, the residential environment and saving energy and resources in the internal building market. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze valuation bases of each sector in evaluation systems of residential buildings at home and abroad to upgrade current systems through reflecting the characteristics of residential buildings. Implementation of this study basically include comparison of valuation bases and partial analysis on properties of rating systems to suggest requisites for improvement in building performance certification.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2018

최근 대규모 투자에 의한 항만의 질적 및 양적 성장에도 불구하고, 베트남 항만의 진화에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구는 2007-2016 기간 동안 베트남 남부지역 항만의 집중화 및 분산화를 지니지수, 로렌츠커브 및 전이할당분석을 통하여 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구결과 분산화 현상이 관측되었으며, 특히 기존 항만에서 새로 신설된 신항만으로 전이가 관찰되었다. 본 연구는 베트남 남부지역 항만의 진화현상을 종합적으로 제시함으로서 항만관리자, 운영자 및 선사, 화주, 물류서비스 제공자 등에게 시사점을 제공한다.