• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

In photolithography process, resolution enhancement techniques such as optical proximity correction (OPC) and phase shift mask (PSM) have been applied to improve resolution. Especially, sub-resolution assist feature (SRAF) is one of the most important OPC to enhance image quality including depth of focus (DOF). However, imaging performance of the mask could be varied with the diffraction order amplitude changed by inserting SRAF. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the imaging properties and process margin of attenuated PSM with SRAF. Reflectivities of attenuated PSMs at 13.5 nm were 3, 6, 9% and simulation was performed by $PROLITH^{TM}$. As a result, aerial image properties and DOF as well as diffraction efficiency were improved by increasing the reflectivity of attenuated PSM. Additionally, printed critical dimension variations depending on SRAF width and space error were also reduced for attenuated PSM with high reflectivity. However, SRAF could be printed when reflectivity of attenuated PSM is high enough. In conclusion, optimization of reflectivity of attenuated PSM and SRAF to prevent side-lobe from being printed is needed to be considered.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.266-285
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to identify influencing factors for successful introduction, implementation and management of HMRPS through assessment of the employees attitude toward HMRPS in technical, administrative, and organization behavioral areas. Data were collected from 157 HMRPS employee members' self-reporting questionnaire in three university hospitals in the city of Seoul and Kyonggi Province from November 5 to November 10, 1997. Relevant literature on industry company MPR system theory was reviewed to develop the theoretical framework. The results were as follows: The employee's recognition of tangible benefit were more significantly influenced success than intangible benefit for successful operation relating the HMRPS. Concerning the employee's recognition of the successful HMRPS and the factor of influenced success was significantly positive correlation between tangible and intangible benefits and success factor in technical, administrative, and organizational behavior area. This study showed that major factor affecting the employee's recognition of tangible and intangible benefit for successful HMRPS. For tangible benefits; Success factors in the technical areas were quality of the data and information, efficiency of inventory management and rescheduling of operation plan. Success factors in the administrative areas were: role of top management. Success factors in the organization behavioral areas were; simplicity of the HMRPS, human resistance to change. For intangible benefits; Success factors in the organization behavioral areas were; user involvement, simplicity of HMRPS, human resistance to change. Futhermore as the exact evaluation of successful factors of HMRPS implement is needed, research for the development of systemic variables of physical distribution system control, methods, capacity of system, duration and other environment in many of 30 hospitals or more, and for the empirical study for HMRPS.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.189-212
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to design the meta search system and the curriculum-oriented directory system for youth in science and to prove the efficiency of the systems through evaluating the usability. To attain the purpose of this study, both of the quality and quantity research method were used and questionnaire, interview. observation, thinking aloud method were used to collect a data for research. The result of this study is that the meta search system supplying convenient information use environment about the distributed information sources has higher usability than the individual search system. And the curriculum-oriented directory system supplying accessibility related with the class has higher usability than the subject-oriented directory system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2008

This paper investigates chrominance reconstruction methods that reconstruct subsampled chrominance information efficiently using the correlation between luminance and chrominance components in the decompression process of compressed images, and analyzes drawbacks involved in the adaptive-weighted 2-dimensional linear interpolation among the methods, which shows higher efficiency in the view of computational complexity than other methods. To improve the drawback that the spatial frequency distribution is not considered for the decompressed image and to support the application on a low-performance system in behalf of 2-dimensional linear interpolation, this paper proposes the multi-mode reconstruction method which uses three reconstruction methods having different computational complexity from each other according to the degree of edge response of luminance component. The performance evaluation on a development platform for embedded systems showed that the proposed reconstruction method supports the similar level of image quality for decompressed images while reducing the overall computation time for chrominance reconstruction in comparison with the 2-dimensional linear interpolation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.69-78
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• 2014

The paper recycling becomes more important technology in terms of the reduction of the municipal waste and of saving natural resource such as wood. However the more utilization of recycled fiber would result in the higher contaminants in the papermaking processes and in the deterioration of the paper quality. The oil marks in the paper products becomes one of the major defects of paper products originated from paper recycling. The coagulation of various stickies in recycled fiber stock led to the oil marks. In this work, we applied functional polymer additives such as the dispersing agents, the fixing agents and the hydrophobic talc powder for the control of those stickies in order to remove the oil marks. The addition of the talc powder showed the great reduction in the oil marks of the packaging paper products. The hydrophobic surface of the talc particles collected the individual sticky materials and prevented their aggregation in the recycled fiber stock, which resulted in the great reduction of the oil marks on the paper products.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.362-413
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to examine the recent clinical research trends on the efficiency of traditional herb medicine (THM) on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and to provide clinical evidence of herbal medicine, Banhasasin-tang or Banxiexin decoction by using a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials (RCTs). Methods: In this study, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included that verified effects of traditional herbal medicine (THM), including a Banxia-xiexin-tang decoction, as a treatment for GERD. A study of the literature in Chinese and Korean databases was performed for papers published from January 1, 2010, to January 1, 2020. The selected literature was assessed by Cochrane's risk of bias (RoB). Results: A total of 90 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Except for four RCT studies, all studies identified the effect of a Banxia-xiexin-tang decoction in the treatment of GERD. The effectiveness of treatment was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group, as shown through various evaluation indicators, including the reflux disease diagnostic questionnaire (RDQ). Adverse effects were reported in 22 articles (24.44%). Conclusions: Treatment with Banhasasin-tang, or a Banxia-xiexin-tang decoction, was found to be effective in treating GERD. However, due to the low quality of available studies, the significance of this conclusion is somewhat limited. This study could serve as a foundation for further clinical studies on the development of diagnosis and treatment methods for GERD based on Korean medicine.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.612-622
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• 2007

As compared with wired network environment, mobile VOD service in wireless network environment is difficult to guarantee the quality of VOD service due to the limitation of the system resources. Moreover, the wireless network has small bandwidth resources and short access range so that has limitations for providing the service to a large number of mobile clients. The limited battery capacity of a mobile device becomes an obstacle to mobile clients for enjoying VOD service for a long time. Therefore, these drawbacks should be considered in developing mobile VOD applications. This paper proposes a new technique for improving QoS of mobile VOD service by jointly use of broadcasting technique, which can provide VOD service to a large number of mobile clients simultaneously, and bursty communication technique, which can reduce the power consumption of a mobile device. With having these two techniques, streaming data are divided into segments, each of which is grouped into a particular packet and then transmitted at a time in the busty communication manner. In the performance evaluation, the power consumption on WNIC of a mobile device can be reduced by over 80%, and the initial service delay can be reduced in proportion to the number of channels compared with the existing staggered broadcasting technique.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2019

The collection, evaluation and conservation of crop germplasm have been treated as one of the basics to breeding program. An understanding of genetic relationships among germplasm resources is vital for future breeding process like yield, quality, and resistance. In the present study, EST-SSR markers were employed to assess the polymorphism and genetic diversity of 192 accessions of Proso millet preserved in the National Agrobiodiversity Center of RDA. We evaluated the efficiency of EST-SSR markers developed for proso millet species. A total of 98 alleles were detected with an average allele number of 4.5 per locus among 192 proso millet millet accessions using 22 EST-SSR markers. The averaged values of gene diversity ($H_E$) and polymorphism information content (PIC) for each EST-SSR marker were 0.362 and 0.404 within populations, respectively. Our results showed the moderate level of the molecular diversity among the proso millet accessions from diverse countries. A phylogenetic tree revealed three major groups of accessions that did not correspond with geographical distribution patterns with a few exceptions. The less correlation between the clusters and their geographic location might be considered due to their type difference. Our study provided a better understanding of genetic relationships among various germplasm collections, and it could contribute to more efficient utilization of valuable genetic resources. The EST-SSR markers developed here will serve as a valuable resource for genetic studies, like linkage mapping, diversity analysis, quantitative trait locus/association mapping, and molecular breeding.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.259-263
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• 2019

This study was purpose to compare image quality of Indirect digital radiography (IDR) system by using the International electro-technical commission standard(IEC 62220-1) which were applied to IEC in medical imaging. To evaluation the analysis of Modulation transfer function(MTF) measurements edge device each angle by using edge method. In this study, Aero (Konica, Japan) which is Indirect flat panel detector(FPD) was used, the size of image receptor matrix $1994{\times}2430$ which performed 12bit processing and pixel pitch is $175{\mu}m$. In IEC standard method were applied to each angle were compared. The results of shown as LSF at $2.0^{\circ}$ and $3.0^{\circ}$ angeles. Shape is constant and shows smooth shape. The amount of data seemed reasonable and 2.19 cycles/mm and 2.01 cycles/mm at a spatial frequency of $2.0^{\circ}$ and $3.0^{\circ}$ at an MTF value of 0.1. At an MTF value of 0.5, the spatial frequencies were $2.0^{\circ}$ and 1.11 cycles/mm and 0.93 cycles/mm at an angle of $3.0^{\circ}$. This study were to evaluate MTF by setting the each $2{\sim}3^{\circ}$ each angle and to suggest the quantitative methods of measuring by using IEC.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2021

Effective nonpoint source (NPS) pollution management requires frequent water quality monitoring, which is, however, often costly to be implemented in practice. Statistical techniques and machine learning methods allow us to identify and focus on fundamental environmental variables that have close relationships with NPS pollutants of interest. This study developed surrogate models to predict the concentrations of suspended sediment (SS) and total phosphorus (T-P) from turbidity and runoff discharge rates using multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) methods. The RF models provided acceptable performance in predicting SS and T-P, especially when runoff discharge rates were high. The RF models outperformed the MLR models in all the cases. Such finding highlights the potential of RF techniques and models as a tool to identify fundamental environmental variables that are measured in relatively inexpensive ways or freely available but still able to provide information required to quantify the concentrations of NP S pollutants. The analysis of relative importance rates showed that the temporal variations of SS and T-P concentrations could be more effectively explained by that of turbidity than runoff discharge rate. This study demonstrated that the advanced statistical techniques such as machine learning could help to improve the efficiency of NPS pollutants monitoring.