• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2022

The genus Prunus (family: Rosaceae) consists of over 400 plant species and exhibits vast biodiversity worldwide. Given the wide distribution of this genus, its taxonomic classification is important. Anatomical characteristics are conserved and stable and can therefore be used as an important tool for the taxonomic characterization of plants. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and document the anatomical characteristics of the leaf, stem, and seed of P. africana using micrographs and photographs for possible use in the identification, quality control, and phylogenetic analysis of the species. The anatomical sections of a young stem revealed a cortex consisting of isodiametric parenchyma cells, druse crystals, primary vascular bundles, and pith. The mature stem bark majorly consisted of the rhytidome, with the periderm densely arranged in multiple layers; a cluster of stone cells; and sclerenchyma. The leaf sections were hypostomatic, with stomata sizes ranging from 18.90-(22.34)-26.90 × 15.41-(18.40)-21.22 ㎛. The leaf sections showed the presence of characteristic druse crystals, vascular bundles, and mesophyll layers. The pericarp contained the epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp, with their thickness being approximately 350-400, 300-350, and 30-50 ㎛, respectively. In addition, it contained a seed testa with a thickness of approximately 50-60 ㎛. The morphological and anatomical characteristics observed in P. africana leaves, stems, and seeds in this study could serve as useful data for the taxonomic identification of this species.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.25-30
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• 2022

The article is devoted to the actual problem of the use of digital technologies in modern cinema in developed countries. The purpose of the study is to identify the essence of the term "cyberdramaturgy" and the problems of its use in modern film production. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach and includes the methods of the general scientific group (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction), as well as a number of special methods: the method of content analysis of scientific literature on the research topic; sociological survey method; as well as the method of statistical analysis. The results of the survey were analyzed using the Neural Designer program (a tool for advanced statistical analytics) and translated into a graphical diagram format for clarity of perception. Answers in 75 questionnaires were evaluated by the average score for six analysis criteria, which made it possible to bring all the calculations to a 10-point scale. As a result of the study, the author of the article concluded the following: directors believe that the use of cyber analogues of actors and backgrounds leads to the blurring of genres, the hybridization of cinema and animation; directors are also concerned about the problem of replacing the director himself with a special program. The writers are completely concerned with the problem of machine scripting with almost infinite variability beyond the human imagination. Directors-producers believe that the cyberdramaturgy development will lead to completely new standards of cinematic quality, sharply different from the traditional assessment of acting and scene setting, to the appreciation of 3D animation as the highest category in the art. Such innovations actually devalue all international cinematography awards, as cyberdrama reduces the value of cyberactors to zero. It is impossible to bail out an "Oscar" or a "Golden Globe" award for a digital double or a separate cyber model that is used in the film instead of the actors.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.405-417
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• 2022

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated condition that has been identified as a potentially malignant oral disorder. Various therapies have been proposed for its management as alternative to corticosteroids. However, no definitive treatment has been identified that can result in complete remission or minimal recurrence. Hyaluronic acid has recently been used as an alternative therapy for the management of OLP. This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of Hyaluronic acid in the management of symptomatic OLP. Online electronic databases and manual searches were performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between January 2010 and April 2022. RCTs were identified that compared the efficacy of hyaluronic acid and other interventional therapies at baseline and during follow-up. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Thongprasom sign scores, lesion size, degree of erythema, clinical severity, and disease severity were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Seven studies were analyzed. Five studies reported a high risk of bias while the remaining two studies reported an unclear risk of bias. The overall quantitative assessment of size, symptoms, degree of erythema, and sign score in OLP lesions treated with HA was not statistically significant compared to that in the control group (P > 0.05). In addition, subgroup analysis comparing HA with placebo or corticosteroids did not yield statistically significant (P > 0.05) results. Qualitatively, both HA and tacrolimus resulted in an effective reduction in signs and symptoms. Clinical/disease severity index/scores were inconsistent. A high degree of heterogeneity was observed among the included studies. None of the included studies reported the side effects of HA. These findings suggest that corticosteroids, tacrolimus, placebo, and HA could be equally effective in OLP management. The clinical/disease severity index or score reduction cannot be determined with certainty. Thus, OLP can be treated with HA as an alternative therapy. Owing to limited clinical trials on HA, high heterogeneity, and high risk of bias in the included studies, definitive conclusions cannot be derived.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.177-189
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• 2022

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are defined as practical and technical approaches to restoring functioning ecosystems and biodiversity as a means to address socio-environmental challenges and provide human-nature co-benefits. This study reviews NbS-related literature to identify its key characteristics, techniques, and challenges for its application in climate-adaptive water management. The review finds that NbS has been commonly used as an umbrella term incorporating a wide range of existing ecosystem-based approaches such as low-impact development (LID), best management practices (BMP), forest landscape restoration (FLR), and blue-green infrastructure (BGI), rather than being a uniquely-situated practice. Its technical form and operation can vary significantly depending on the spatial scale (small versus large), objective (mitigation, adaptation, naturalization), and problem (water supply, quality, flooding). Commonly cited techniques include green spaces, permeable surfaces, wetlands, infiltration ponds, and riparian buffers in urban sites, while afforestation, floodplain restoration, and reed beds appear common in non- and less-urban settings. There is a greater lack of operational clarity for large-scale NbS than for small-scale NbS in urban areas. NbS can be a powerful tool that enables an integrated and coordinated action embracing not only water management, but also microclimate moderation, ecosystem conservation, and emissions reduction. This study points out the importance of developing decision-making guidelines that can inform practitioners of the selection, operation, and evaluation of NbS for specific sites. The absence of this framework is one of the obstacles to mainstreaming NbS for water management. More case studies are needed for empirical assessment of NbS.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.175-191
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The scientific evidence of a sodium-obesity association is limited by sodium intake assessments. Our specific aim is to synthesize the association between dietary sodium intake and obesity across the sodium intake assessments as evidenced by systematic reviews in adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A systematic search identified systematic reviews comparing the association of dietary sodium intakes with obesity-related outcomes such as body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, and risk of (abdominal) obesity. We searched PubMed on October 24, 2022. To assess the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS), we employed the ROBIS tool. RESULTS: This review included 3 systematic reviews, consisting of 39 unique observational studies (35 cross-sectional studies and 4 longitudinal studies) and 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We found consistently positive associations between dietary sodium intake and obesity-related outcomes in cross-sectional studies. Studies that used 24-h urine collection indicated a greater BMI for those with higher sodium intake (mean difference = 2.27 kg/m²; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.51; P < 0.001; I² = 77%) compared to studies that used spot urine (mean difference = 1.34 kg/m²; 95% CI, 1.13-1.55; P < 0.001; I² = 95%) and dietary methods (mean difference = 0.85 kg/m²; 95% CI, 0.1-1.51; P < 0.05; I² = 95%). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative synthesis of the systematic reviews has shown that cross-sectional associations between dietary sodium intake and obesity outcomes were substantially different across the sodium intake assessments. We need more high-quality prospective cohort studies and RCTs using 24-h urine collection to examine the causal effects of sodium intake on obesity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2020

기후변화로 인한 강수량 감소 및 하천 인근에서의 무분별한 취수로 인하여 하천의 유량 감소와 그로 인한 수질 악화 문제가 심각해지는 실정이다. 우리나라의 전체용수사용량 중 농업용수가 차지하는 비중은 약 41%에 달하며, 이중 약 90%가 논에서 사용되고 있다. 특히 우리나라의 경우 논벼는 담수 상태에서 재배되기 때문에 관개용수가 농업 활동에 많이 사용되고 있다. 이러한 과다한 농업용수 사용은 하천유량 감소에 큰 영향을 미치며 이에 따라 농업용수 절약을 위한 다양한 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 국내에서는 필지 단위 기반 SRI(System of Rice Intensification) 재배기법 모니터링을 통한 논에서의 관개용수 절약 및 온실가스 저감 효과와 관련된 연구가 진행되었다. SRI 재배기법은 논 토양을 호기상태로 유지하여 관개 시 관행대비 약 40~67%의 용수 저감 효과가 나타나는 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만 필지 단위에서 제한적으로 모니터링 결과 기반의 연구가 이루어졌으며 아직까지 유역 모델을 이용하여 SRI 재배기법 적용에 따른 유량확보 및 수질 개선 효과를 정량적으로 분석한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 달천 유역을 대상으로 유역 모델 중 하나인 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형에 SRI 재배기법을 적용하여 하천의 유량확보 및 수질 개선 효과에 대한 분석을 수행하는 것이다. 향후 본 연구의 기 수행된 SRI 재배기법의 모델링 적용 결과는 유역 단위의 실질적인 유량확보 방안으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.117-135
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• 2023

The National Archives of Korea (NAK) operates the NAK Portal as a record search system. However, user search satisfaction is too low, and the number of visitors to the portal is gradually decreasing. This study identifies the portal's issues, proposes feasible improvements, and constructs a pilot system to validate the solutions. The preliminary assessment revealed six major issues, such as poor search tool performance and the lack of consistency in search results. After clarifying the improvement measures, a pilot system was established and compared with the National Records Portal. The evaluation showed significant performance improvements in the pilot system, such as Precision, Recall, and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2022

Purpose : This study is aimed to develop and validate the clinical practice education program and clinical competence scale of occupational therapy student. Methods : The development of the clinical practice education program used the delphi technique method, which had a total of five steps. Based on the occupational therapist's job analysis, the first stage assessed the importance of 21 experts, and the second stage examined the importance of 19 new specialists to derive constitutive factors. In the third stage, in-depth interviews were conducted with three experts based on the derived factors, and in the fourth stage, the final clinical practice education program was derived. In the final stage, the details of the clinical training program were drawn up based on the themes and were reviewed by two experts. Structured and unstructured interviews were conducted with 43 job experts. Results : The expert survey through the delphi technique was conducted three times, and content analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted to examine the distribution of responses. The final 11 educational program topics and contents were derived. Topics are confirmation of client information, evaluation and intervention, cognitive therapy, spinal cord injury, brain injury, musculoskeletal disorders, pediatric occupational therapy, interventions in activities of daily living, driving rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, occupational therapy assessment tool, safety training and management. Conclusion : The clinical practice education program reduce the difference between school education and clinical education of occupational therapy student. Occupational therapy helps college student understand occupational therapy practices and improve the quality of clinical education. Through more research and supplementation of clinical practice education programs in the future, it is suggested that clinical practice education be successfully operated in various practice institutions and used as basic data for designing and evaluating useful educational models.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.28-28
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• 2022

This paper presents the first genome assemblies of Philippine mangoes that provide valuable reference for varietal improvement and genomic studies on mango and related fruit crops. WE sequenced whole genomes of3 species, Mangifera odorata (Huani), Mangifera altissima (Paho), and Mangifera indica 'Carabao' (Sweet Elena). 'Carabao' is the major export variety of the Philippines; Paho is identified as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; Huani has fruit sap acrid which is the primary defense mechanism against insects and birds. We used Falcon, a diploid aware -de novo assembler to assemble SMRT generated long-read sequences. Falcon-unzip was employed to phase the output assembly producing larger contig sets (primary contigs) and shorter contigs corresponding to haplotypes (haplotigs). Assembly statistics were generated by comparing the assembly to a reference genome, Tommy Atkins, using Quality Assessment Tool (QUAST). Moreover, the extent of duplication and completeness of gene content was measured using Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO). Draft assemblies with high duplications were processed using Purge Haplotigs and Purge Dups to lessen duplications with minimal impact on genome completeness. De novo assemblies of Huani, Paho and 'Carabao' were then generated with primary contig sizes of 463.64 Mb, 508.95 Mb and 401.51 Mb respectively. These draft assemblies of Huani, Paho and 'Carabao' showed 96.90%, 95.17% and 99.07% complete BUSCOs respectively which is comparable to 'Tommy Atkins' genome (98.6%). Using two mango transcriptome data (pooled RNA-seq from different mango varieties and tissues), 91-96% or 24-30 million reads were successfully mapped back for each generated assembly indicating high degree of completeness. The results obtained demonstrated the highly contiguous, phased, and near complete genome assembly of three Philippine mango species for structural and functional annotation of gene units, especially those with economic importance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.105-114
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• 2023

Purpose : This study systematically reviewed occupational therapy programs for upper extremity functions in subacute patients implemented over the last decade at home and abroad to utilize the findings as the basis for intervention protocols. Methods : This study was conducted with domestic and foreign randomized controlled experimental studies published from January 2013 to May 2023. Acute or subacute, CVA or stroke, upper extremity function, and program or therapy were used as search keywords in the search databases Scopus, PubMed, Riss, and DBpia. A total of 3,723 documents were retrieved, and 1,007 duplicate papers were excluded. In addition, 2,640 papers that did not meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were excluded by the researcher examining the titles and abstracts. Thereafter, the full texts were checked. Consequently, 67 documents were excluded, and nine documents were finally used for analysis. Results : Due to the evaluation of the quality of the documents of nine studies, five items were rated "low," and two items were rated "unclear" in many studies. Males predominated the genders, and infarction predominated the types. The average age was over 50 but under 60 years, and the number of days after onset was predominantly fewer than one month. Occupational therapy programs were classified into mental programs, mirror therapy, music programs, and virtual reality programs, and virtual reality programs were frequently used. The intervention periods were predominantly 15-30 sessions for less than 30 minutes, and the Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity was predominantly applied as an evaluation tool. Conclusion : This study is significant because it attempted to present the direction of intervention protocols for upper extremity functions in subacute stroke patients in clinical settings. Studies should be conducted with an expanded scope for a literature review.