• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.6-16
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• 2008

An instable wireless channel condition causes more packet losses and retransmissions due to interference, fading, station mobility, and so on. Therefore video streaming service over a wireless networks is a challenging task because of the changes in the wireless channel conditions and time-constraints characteristics of the video streaming services. To provide efficient video streaming over a wireless networks, QoS-enhanced MAC protocol, IEEE 802.11e, is standardized recently. Tn this paper, we propose a new network-adaptive H.264 video streaming mechanism in the IEEE 802.11e wireless networks. To improve the quality of video streaming services, video stream has to adapt to the changes in the wireless channel conditions. The wireless channel conditions are estimated by the packet loss probability and informed to the application layer by the cross-layering. According to the wireless channel information, the video streaming application filters out the low-priority data. This adaptation mechanism efficiently uses system resources because it drops the low-priority data in advance. Therefore, our cross-layer design can provide improved video streaming services to the end-user. Through the implementation and performance evaluation, we prove that the proposed mechanism improves the QoS of the video streaming by providing the smoothed playback.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2017

A new small red bean cultivar, 'Geomguseul', was artificially crossed between 'Chilbo' and 'SA8412-3-1-4-3-3-2-3' in 1998, fixed excellent agronomic characters by pedigree breeding method, and selected for the further trials with the name of 'Miryang 10'. It was prominent and showed good result, such as high grain quality, lodging resistance, and high-antioxidant activity in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2009 to 2011 and released for the public consumption as the name of 'SA9801-24-4-3-1' in 2011. 'Geomguseul' has a semi-determinate growth habit, yellow flower, green embryonic axis, black seed coat, white hilum, and small spherical seed (12.2 grams per 100 seeds). The average yield of 'Geomguseul' was 2.01 MT/ha in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2009 to 2011 which was a little higher than that (1.98 MT/ha) of the check variety, 'Chungju'.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.187-202
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• 2021

This study examined the effectiveness of wind corridor construction by analyzing the thermal environment, cold air generation, ventilation, and geographical characteristics to improve urban thermal environment and establish the basis for specialized strategy in Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. Using spatial analysis and remote sensing techniques, surface temperature, land cover and land use, wind field, and slope were measured and through this, a wind corridor analysis model was constructed. As a result of the analysis as of 2020, Changwon-si generally has land cover characteristics that are advantageous for the generation of cold air, but the temperature in most urban areas is the highest, and the temperature in areas such as north Changwon area, Jinbukmyeon, Ung-dong, and Ungcheon-dong are relatively high. There was a typical trend of high average wind speed in mountain regions and low average wind speed in urban areas. Accordingly, the north Changwon area, the former Changwon downtown area, the Hogye-ri and Pyeongseong-ri areas, and the Changpo Bay area are derived as vulnerable areas to thermal environment, and various measures to reduce temperature and improve air quality that the inflow of cold air into the area considering the characteristics of each area and securing wind ventilation between the surrounding mountains, reservoirs, and park areas were proposed.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2020

Housing issues such as mushrooming slums remain as chronic in most developing countries. Due to the state's restrained capacity, the housing-vulnerable's self-help approaches have been increasingly inevitable and vital for addressing the housing issues. However, there are still two challenges: securing good quality with economic efficiency, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study aims at doing an architectural experiment by developing and educating the production of eco-friendly interlocking stabilized soil bricks (ISSB) by employing vernacular materials and technologies for housing-vulnerable communities in Indonesia. In collaboration with a local architectural NGO, the study features a co-creation workshop in which 40 evicted households participate in the whole process. Soil analysis, mixed design, compression tests, and economic analysis are carried out. This paper illustrates that ISSB also has a high potential as an alternative to a burned brick or a cement block. The application of ISSB to self-help housing is expected to have socioeconomic and environmental effects, thereby facilitating the housing-vulnerable's self-help approaches and contributing to addressing the housing challenges in Indonesia.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 2022

Objectives : This study aimed to provide basic data on intervention strategies that occupational therapists can access by systematically analyzing the intervention and effectiveness for youth with disabilities. Methods : The RISS, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used to search for papers published between 2006 and 2021. The keywords were "Disability AND Adolescents OR Young adult AND Transition education OR Transition program". Seven papers were selected for analysis, and the full text was reviewed. The keywords and national relations were analyzed and visualized using the WoS (Web of Science) and VOSviewer programs. Results : The participants were classified into five types (ASD or ADHD, ID, DD, and physical disability). The areas used for the intervention were mixed into three categories: occupation (academic), self-management (time), and interaction (personal relations and communication). Sociality and adaptation, quality of life, and at least one of the three categories of daily life activities showed significant improvement. Conclusions : This study can be used as basic data to expand the area where only OTs can contribute while grasping the research trend of the conversion program and presenting the direction of exchange with various experts by organizing the application and its effects.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2023

Objectives : This study collected sleep information by wearable device in the Korean medicine Daejeon citizen cohort (KDCC). It was measured based on the sleep record information measured by wearing a Fitbit, and the possibility of clinical use was examined for compliance with objective sleep collection. Based on compliance, the possibility of clinical use was examined. Methods : After surveying personal information and PSQI(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), sleep information was collected by Fitbit for 14 days. Compliance was measured based on sleep record information by Fitbit. Compliance was analyzed by sex, age, BMI(Body Mass Index), and sleep group(deep/poor). Results : The number of participants was 730, and the compliance was 94.3%, and the compliance group was 675(92.5%). The age of the participants varied from 30 to 60 years old, and the average age was 46±6.7 years. There were 218 males and 512 females. Young people have high compliance. Males are more compliance than females. As the BMI score decreased in the 30s, the compliance was higher. The underweight group in all age groups had 100 compliance. The underweight group was all female. The low compliance groups were that 30 years males (obesity level2), 50 years females (overweight group), and 50 years females (obesity level2). There was no significant difference in compliance between deep sleep group and poor sleep group. In deep sleep group, females showed higher compliance. In poor sleep group, males showed higher compliance. The average duration of Fitbit usage among participants was 20.1 days. The compliant group wore the device for an average of 21.3 days, while the non-compliant group wore it for only 5.2 days. Of the compliant group, 86.9% (73.8% of all participants) continued to wear the Fitbit after the recommended 14-day period, and 50.8% wore it for more than 20 days. Conclusions : This study showed the possibility of adaptation for wearing a Fitbit for collecting objective sleep information. It is judged that the compliance is high because it was worn for more than 13.2 days out of the 14 days required. It is considered meaningful because the compliance was measured based on the sleep information by Fitbit, not the questionnaire. As the data on objective sleep time is collected automatically, we believe that the burden on participants after the study period is not significant for a certain period. Compliance may be even higher for cohorts related to illnesses and with doctor's orders, rather than for the general population.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-146
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• 2010

A total of 181 college students(61 males 121 females) with at least 5 years of living abroad (Returnee Group) and another group of 181 students (92 males and 93 females) without extended period of living abroad (Comparison Group) participated in the study by completing a questionnaire consisting of Acculturation Index, Multidimensional Acculturation Scale, Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, CES-D, and WHOQOL. The results indicated that the Returnee Group, compared to the Comparison Group, reported as good adjustment toward college life in Korea and positive attitude toward the Korean identity, but a higher level of loneliness. When the Returnee Group were divided into 4 different groups on the basis of acculturation pattern, the Integration and Assimilation Type reported a better adjustment to college life, lower depression and loneliness and better quality of life than the Marginalization Type. The Mariginalization Type appears to be the most vulnerable group, experiencing difficulties in all areas of adjustment, and is clearly in need of interventions. Limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.21-38
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• 2024

This study aims to establish an efficient street green area to improve the urban thermal environment and enhance pedestrian thermal comfort. Specifically, This study identified parameters applicable to green space planning and design, analyzed thermal environment mitigation mechanisms for each parameter, and, based on these findings, proposed methods for tree species selection and planting in green space planning and design. To achieve this, 61 papers were selected through a four-stage process from both domestic and foreign sources. The selected papers were analyzed, and the following main results were derived: In open street canyons with high stress levels due to low aspect ratios and high sky view factors(SVF), broadleaf trees with wide crown widths, low trunk heights, high leaf area index(LAI), and high crown heights were found effective in reducing heat, thereby increasing the amount and quality of shade. In contrast, in deep and narrow street canyons with relatively low heat stress due to high aspect ratios and low SVF, broad-leaved trees with narrow crown widths, high trunks, low crown heights, and low LAI were effective in reducing heat by enhancing ventilation. This study can serve as fundamental data for establishing standards for street green spaces to improve the thermal environment of street canyons and enhance thermal comfort of pedestrians. Additionally, it can be valuable when selecting the location and prioritizing street green spaces. Moreover, it is anticipated to be a foundational resource for creating guidelines for green space planning and design in response to climate change.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2024

Recent advances in text-to-speech (TTS) technology have significantly improved the quality of synthesized speech, reaching a level where it can closely imitate natural human speech. Especially, TTS models offering various voice characteristics and personalized speech, are widely utilized in fields such as artificial intelligence (AI) tutors, advertising, and video dubbing. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a one-shot multi-speaker TTS system that can ensure acoustic diversity and synthesize personalized voice by generating speech using unseen target speakers' utterances. The proposed model integrates a speaker encoder into a TTS model consisting of the FastSpeech2 acoustic model and the HiFi-GAN vocoder. The speaker encoder, based on the pre-trained RawNet3, extracts speaker-specific voice features. Furthermore, the proposed approach not only includes an English one-shot multi-speaker TTS but also introduces a Korean one-shot multi-speaker TTS. We evaluate naturalness and speaker similarity of the generated speech using objective and subjective metrics. In the subjective evaluation, the proposed Korean one-shot multi-speaker TTS obtained naturalness mean opinion score (NMOS) of 3.36 and similarity MOS (SMOS) of 3.16. The objective evaluation of the proposed English and Korean one-shot multi-speaker TTS showed a prediction MOS (P-MOS) of 2.54 and 3.74, respectively. These results indicate that the performance of our proposed model is improved over the baseline models in terms of both naturalness and speaker similarity.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.655-661
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• 2016

To develop scab-resistant pear (Pyrus spp.) varieties with fruits that are as crisp and juicy as Asian pears, a cross was made between 'Whangkeumbae' and 'Bartlett' varieties (P. pyrifolia ${\times}$ P. communis) at the Pear Research Institute of the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, in 1994. Among the 285 seedlings, 'Greensis' was first selected in 2006 for its good eating quality and named in 2012 after regional adaptation tests in nine regions and ten experimental plots from 2007 to 2012. The tree showed a vigorous growth habit and semi-spreading characteristics, like 'Whangkeumbae'. The optimum fruit harvest date was also around Sept. 26 and fruit was round in shape and green in skin color at maturity. Average fruit weight was 470g, and the soluble solids content was $12.4^{\circ}Brix$. The flesh was very crisp and juicy, and had good eating quality. Its' leaf size was similar with 'Bartlett' and smaller than 'Whangkeumbae'. The average of full bloom date of 'Greensis' was determined as Apr. 26, which was six days later than 'Whangkeumbae' and similar with 'Bartlett'. S genotypes of 'Greensis' were identified as $S_4S_e$ by S-allele PCR product sequencing analysis. It seems that the $S_4$ allele was inherited from 'Whangkeumbae' and the Se allele from 'Bartlett'. 'Greensis' displayed strong resistance to scab disease caused by Venturia nashicola, similar to European pear cultivars like 'Beurre Hardy' and, 'Conference'. 'Greensis' was also highly resistant to black leaf spot (Alternaria kikuchiana) in the field