• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-130
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• 2014

Objectives The objective of this study is to interpretate Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" in a modern kineologic approach Methods Based on the interpretation of "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" and implementation of its kinesiology, this study presents similar kineologies and their purposes, with the reference to various documents on modern kinesiology. Results 1) Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" is similar to stretching, active exercise and resistance exercise. 2) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to resistance exercise, can be used for isometic exercise of cervical extensor. 3) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to Stretching exercise, has its purpose to stretch quadratus Lumborum, lateral side of body, gluteus Maximus, quadriceps femoris, shoulder extensor, hamstrings, hip joint, ankle dorsi flexor, thoracic rotator,inferior shoulder joint. 4) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to active exercise, can be used for strengthen exteral oblique. 5) Doctors can make various applications of Yansaeng-Doinbub. For example, it can be used to correct improper low back and neck exercise patterns. 6) Yangsaeng-Doinbub also describes breathing methods, which help normalization of breathing exercises and increase the efficiency of spine exercises. Conclusions The modern interpretation on kinesiology of Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" leads to a conclusion that Yangsaeng-Doinbub consists of numourous exercises for various body parts. In particular, breathing methods increase efficiency of such exercises. Plus, the exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub can be applied to various uses by doctors.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2016

Background: Squatting is one of the best functional exercises to strengthen the quadriceps muscle in independent gait and activities of daily living. Although the use of a gym ball during squat exercise is the most common way of strengthening the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscle, published data on this subject are limited. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the sequential muscle activation of the VMO and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles during squat exercise using a gym ball at different knee flexion angles. Methods: Forty healthy adults were randomly divided into experimental (squat exercise using a gym ball) and control (squat exercise alone) groups, in which squats were performed at $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion. Electromyographic (EMG) activity data were collected over 10 seconds under the 2 angles of knee flexion ($45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$). Results: There was significant group and time interaction effect for VMO and VL muscle activation at $45^{\circ}$ knee flexion. This was similarly demonstrated at $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion. No significant group main effect and time main effect for VMO and VL muscle activation were noted at $45^{\circ}$ knee flexion, respectively. In contrast, there was significant group main effect and time main effect for VMO and VL muscle activation at $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion. These significant differences were demonstrated through two-way analysis of variance over repeated measurements, suggesting that the EMG activity of the VMO muscle during squatting with a gym ball showed remarkable improvement compared to that of the VL muscle. Conclusion: This research suggests that squat exercise using a gym ball may be more beneficial in improving the activity of VMO than of the VL muscle at both $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ of knee flexion, respectively. We highly recommend squat exercises with a gym ball for selective strengthening of the VMO muscle in knee rehabilitation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify effects of neuro-muscular control training on vastus medialis oblique (VMO) after menisectomy of the knee. Methods: The subjects of this study are women aged 42 and 39 each who did menisectomy. Case 1 was applied quadriceps setting exercise and neuro-muscular contrlol training and case 2 was applied quadriecps setting. Intervention was done 5 times a week for 2 weeks. Measurement of muscle activity on VMO and vastus lateralis (VL) was standardized signals of each muscle to %RVC using surface EMG. Results: On comparison of exercise before and after on VMO and VL, VL activation of case 2 was increased more than case 1. Conclusion: Quadriecps-setting exercise and selective neuro-muscular control training of VMO is effective intervention on VMO activity and muscle activity ratio of VMO to VL.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Purpose : to investigate change of isokinetic muscle strength and isokinetic muscle endurance of quadriceps femoris and hamstring after application of taping and static stretching. Methods : For this study, 14 male members of college soccer team participated in this research. Participants were divided into two groups: seven was assigned to a taping group(n=7) and the others were assigned to a static stretching exercise group(n=7). Main outcome was measured by using biodex. The isokinetic muscle strength test was processed at the speed of the $60^{\circ}$/sec five times, and isokinetic muscle endurance was processed at the speed of $180^{\circ}$/sec ten times. Results : From the outcomes of the measurement, the results show that there is a more significant difference in the taping group than in a static stretching exercise group. Conclusion : These results will be utilized for the preliminaries in the future.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2019

Background: After stroke, in order to improve gait function, it is necessary to increase the muscle strength and to enhance the propriocetive function of the lower extremity. Objects: This study aimed to compare the effects of open kinetic chain (OKC) versus closed kinetic chain (CKC) isokinetic exercise of the hemiparetic knee using the isokinetic equipment on lower extremity sensorimotor function and gait ability in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Thirty participants with chronic hemiplegia (> 6 months post-stroke) were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: CKC group and OKC group. Patients from both groups attended conventional physiotherapy sessions 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Additionally, subjects from the CKC group performed isokinetic exercise using the CKC attachment, while those from the OKC group performed isokinetic exercise using the OKC attachment. The isokinetic knee and ankle muscles strength, position sense of the knee joint, and spatiotemporal gait parameters were measured before and after interventions. Results: The knee muscles peak torque/body weight (PT/BW) and hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio significantly increased in both groups (p<.01). In particular, ankle plantarflexors PT/BW, position sense of the knee, gait velocity, and spatial gait symmetry significantly improved in the CKC group (p<.01, p<.05, p<.01, and p<.01, respectively). Conclusion: CKC isokinetic exercise can be an effective therapeutic intervention for the improvement of sensorimotor function of the lower extremity and gait functions, such as gait velocity and symmetry. CKC position in isokinetic strength training is effective to improve functional ability in patients with chronic stroke.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an exercise program with patella mobilization on range of motion, muscle strength, and gait in patients with total knee arthroplasty. Methods : Thirty patients under the age of 65 who visited the T hospital in Daegu Metropolitan City and underwent total knee arthroplasty surgery were selected for this study. Fifteen patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group and took part in an exercise program with patella mobilization, and fifteen patients were randomly assigned to the control group and took part in just the exercise program. Each group took part in their intervention three times a week for four weeks. The measurement tools used included a goniometer, handheld dynamometer, and 10-meter walking test. In the statistical analysis results, to compare the about pre and post test differences within each group, a paried t-test was used, and to compare the differences between each group, an independent t-test was used. Results : There was a significant difference (p<.05) in the range of motion, muscle strength of the quadriceps femoris and, hamstrings, and 10-meter walking test within each individual group and between the two groups before and after the intervention (p<.05). Conclusion : All the results for the experimental group were significant. Therefore, it is expected that an exercise program with patella mobilization will be helpful for the recovery of the knee joint in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2006

The primary purpose of a TKA is to restore normal knee function Therefore, ideally, a TKA should: (a) maintain the natural leverage of the knee joint muscles to ensure generating adequate knee muscle moments to accomplish daily tasks such as rising from climbing stairs; (b) provide adequate knee joint stability. A 16-channel MyoResearch XP EMG system was used to collect the differential input surface electromyography signals VM, VL, RF, BF, ST during climbing/descending stair tests. A Peak Motion Measurement System was used to collect the kinematic and kinetic data. AKIN-COM Ill isokinetic dynamometer was used for EMG of VM, VL, RF, BF and ST during maximal voluntary contraction. I Quadriceps EMG results for the VM of the passed 1year group limb demonstrated significant less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb $60^{\circ}-15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). The VL of the passed 1year group limb also demonstrated significants less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $60^{\circ}-45^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). Similar to the VM and VL, the RF of the passed 1year group limb showed less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $60^{\circ}-30^{\circ}$ do knee flexion(p<0.05). Hamstring EMG results for the BF of the passed 1year group limb demonstrated less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $75^{\circ}-15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). The passed 1year group limb tended to have less ADD displacement(p<0.071) than that of the passed 3year group limb. There was no significant difference of the ABD displacement between the passed 1year group and the passed 3year group limbs(p<0.73). The passed 3year group used compensatory adaptation movement strategies to compensate for the strength deficit of passed 3year group limbs. The passed 3year group limb also increased the quadriceps muscle activation level to produce more knee extension moment to compensate for the short quadriceps moment arm. The passe 3year group limb might have an unstable knee joint in the medio-Iateral direction during the climbing/descending by showing a tendency of more ADD displacement and greater hamming co-activation EMG than the passed 1year group limbs. The TKA design was not able to help the knee joint to produce adequate knee extension moment with less quadriceps muscle effort. I think that old man needs continuous exercise for muscle strength.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

Background: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between electromyography (EMG) activities in the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) vs vastus lateralis (VL) activity ratio and the valgus collapse knee position while stepping down. Methods: Twenty healthy women volunteered to participate in this study. We measured the frontal-plane projections of the knee valgus angle, knee valgus distance, and hip adduction angle by using a digital camcorder. After 3 repetitions of the step down (dominant side) exercise, the findings of the static and dynamic phases were analyzed. EMG activities data of the VMO:VL activity ratio were recorded during the step down exercise and were normalized to the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the quadriceps. A paired t-test was used to compare the findings of the static and dynamic phases. We analyzed the Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient between the and VMO:VL ratio. Results: Hip adduction angle, knee valgus angle, VMO activity, VL activity, VMO:VL activity ratio were statistically higher in the dynamic phase than in the static phase (p<.05). Frontal-plane projections of knee valgus angle were significantly correlated with hip adduction angle (r=.459, p<.05) and knee valgus distance (r=.505, p<.05). However, the EMG activity ratio of the VMO and the VL did not show a significant change during step down exercise with respect to hip adduction angle (p=.875), knee valgus angle (p=.618), and knee valgus distance (p=.701). Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that frontal-plane projections of knee valgus angle were associated with hip adduction angle and knee valgus distance. On the basis of these results, the knee valgus distance may be used to determine the valgus collapse knee position while stepping down.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2008

This study performed in order to investigate the effect of isometric resistance exercise for vastus medialis oblique muscle with EMG(electromyography) biofeedback training which are applied to the patello-femoral joint of patients with osteoarthritis on the improve of function. The subjects had no neuromuscular disorders, and they were elder patients with osteoarthritis, 20 women. And the experiment was performed in control group, taping with EMG biofeedback training group respectively, and the measurement was carried out before and after the treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment. Motor unit action potential analysis with surface electromyography showed a significant change in RMS(root mean square) amplitude and MDF(median frequency) in vastus medialis oblique muscle(p<0.05). VMO/VL(vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis oblique) MDF ratio showed a significant change between groups(p<0.05). Taping with EMG biofeedback training applied to patello-femoral joint of osteoarthritis patients appeared to be effective for muscle function improvement. However, increase of muscular force in vastus medialis oblique muscle appears to have a positive effect on improve of function along with correction effect on patella malalignment. In conclusion, in case of osteoarthritis patients with loss of patello-femoral joint function, it appears to be effective to practice isometric resistance exercise of vastus medialis oblique muscle selective with taping.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.185-195
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• 2008

The purpose of this investigation is comparing two groups one applied with taping therapy the other with controlled causes variation in pain substances of blood ${\beta}$-endorphin, serotonin with taping therapy. 12 male students of S college divided into two groups each 6 experimental and controlled with no history of flexion and extention of lower extremity focused on knee joint. Experimental group applied with elastic taping before experiment at quadriceps, calf muscles, hamstrings and tibialis anterior, controlled group didn't applied any taping therapy. Bruce protocol of maximal progressive loading exercise implemented 5 minutes after blood samples were extracted. And 5 minutes after the exercise blood samples also were taken and made investigation. Data before and after investigation were operated on SPSS Ver. 12.0 for Window(Kor.). P value 0.05. The affirmative effects of this investigation was proved with increased ${\beta}$-endorphin and decreased serotonin that cause reducing pain.