• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2021

The change in vegetation structure along elevational gradients on the southeastern part of Mt. Hallasan was studied. Vegetation data were collected with 59 quadrates located from 16 to 1,565 m with 100 m intervals. Community types were classified using cluster analysis, and species composition and diversity were analyzed along elevational gradients. The vegetation was classified into seven, namely, type 1 Quercus serrata community, type 2 Carpinus tschonoskii community, type 3 Carpinus laxiflora community, type 4 Pinus densiflora community, type 5 Abies koreana community, type 6 Castanopsis sieboldii community, and type 7 Quercus acuta community. The species with a high importance value in tree layer in each elevational zone were C. sieboldii and Q. acuta at 100-600 m; C. laxiflora, Q. serrata, and C. tschonoskii at 700-800 m; P. densiflora at 1,100-1,200 m; and Abies koreana at 1,500-1,600 m. The species diversity indicated higher value at 700-800 m, 1,200-1,300 m and 1,400-1,500 m than at the other elevation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.235-248
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze and investigate changes in the structural characteristics of the warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest community in Mt. Cheomchalsan on Jindo Island. The Mt. Cheomchalsan has high conservation value because the representative warm temperate species such as Quercus acuta and Castanopsis sieboldii are distributed there. The community classification with TWINSPAN and DCA identified 4 communities: C. sieboldii community (I), C. sieboldii-Q. Salicina community (II), Q. acuta-C.sieboldii community (III), and deciduous broad-leaved trees-evergreen broad-leaved trees community (IV). According to the results of the mean importance percentage (MIP) analysis, C. sieboldii, Q. salicina, and Q. acuta were dominant species in the canopy layer, Camellia japonica, Ligustrum japonicum, and Cinnamomum yabunikkei were dominant in the understory layer, and Trachelospermum asiaticum, C. japonica, and C. sieboldii were dominant in the shrub layer. The comparison of the results of the diameter of breast height (DBH) analysis with the past data showed that the ratio of large-sized trees in the C. sieboldii and Q. acuta, which dominated the canopy layer, increased. However, there was no difference in the distribution of C. japonica and L. japonicum in the understory layer. In the future, it is necessary to generate a precision inhabiting vegetation map around the Natural Reserve to understand the actual habitation of evergreen broad-leaved trees and rezone the protective districts of evergreen broad-leaved trees forest with the watershed concept to preserve the evergreen broad-leaved forests of Mt. Cheomchalsan in Jindo.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.4
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• pp.417-425
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to derive stem taper equations for Quercus acuta, one of main evergreen broad-leaved tree species found in warm temperate regions, and to prepare a stem volume table using those stem taper equations. A total of 688 individual trees were used in the analysis, which were collected from Jeonnam-do, Gyeongnam-do, and Jeju-do. The stem taper models applied to derive the stem curve pattern were the Max and Burkhart, Kozak, and Lee models. Among the three stem taper models, the best explanation of the stem curve shape of Q. acuta was found to be given by the Kozak model, which showed a fitness index of 0.9583, bias of 0.0352, percentage of estimated standard error of 1.1439, and mean absolute deviation of 0.6751. Thus, the stem taper of Q. acuta was estimated using the Kozak model. Moreover,thestemvolumecalculationwasperforme d by applying the Smalian formula to the diameter and height of each stem interval. In addition, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to compare the two existing Q. acuta stem volume tables (2007 and 2010) and the newly created stem volume table (2023). This analysis revealed that the stem volume table constructed in the Wando region in 2007 included about twice as much as the stem volume tables constructed in 2010 and 2023. The stem volume table (2023) developed in this study is not only based on the regional collection range and number of utilized trees but also on a sound scientific basis. Therefore, it can be used at the national level as an official stem volume table for Q. acuta.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1147-1153
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• 2017

To maintain a rich biological diversity is important to develop for biomaterial resources such as Korean evergreen broad-leaved tree species, the distribution of which is restricted to the southern part of Korean peninsula. We assessed photosynthetic characteristics of Quercus acuta and Castanopsis sieboldii, the representative evergreen broad-leaved trees in Korea, in order to establish a basis for conservation strategy related to distributional change in evergreen broad-leaved tree species according to climate change. Photosynthetic characteristics were evaluated in the sun and shade leaves of the two species. Sun leaves in both species revealed higher light compensation point and maximum photosynthetic rate compared to the shade leaves. In addition, photosynthetic rate was higher in Q. acuta than C. sieboldii, which was supported by a higher leaf nitrogen content and leaf mass per area. Water use efficiency was also higher in Q. acuta as compared to that in C. sieboldii. Similar photosynthetic rate, however, was shown in photosynthetic response to $CO_2$ concentration in the intercellular space. These results suggest that both species could respond differently to the changing environmental factors including climate change, suggesting the possibility of distributional changes resulting from a differential growth rate.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.232-239
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• 2019

This study was carried out to establish an efficient selection condition for cold-tolerant individuals among evergreen Quercus spp. To select higher cold-tolerant individuals among four species of evergreen Quercus spp. (Q. acuta, Q. glauca, Q. myrsinaefoila, and Q. salicina), an-year-old seedlings of each species were exposed to low temperature in serial, and then examined for the death of cell tissue and the surface temperature was monitored. It was shown that the higher numbers of seedlings of Q. myrsinaefolia were survived than the others when those seedlings are exposed to cold stress. Thus, selection of the cold tolerant individuals was conducted on Q. myrsinaefolia seedlings. The limit low temperature condition for selecting cold-tolerant individuals was -6℃ for 24 hrs because no seedling of Q. myrsinaefolia was survived after exposed to -7℃ for 24 hours. It was shown that the leaf surface temperature of the selected individuals was higher than those of the non-selected individuals when they were exposed to cold-stress while monitoring them using thermal graphic camera. The results in this study can be used for expanding afforestation area of tree species of the warm temperate zone for preparation of climate change.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.554-558
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• 2007

Current biomass stock of forest has been calculated by using biomass expansion factors (BEFs) that convert timber volumes to dry weight and stem density. The objective of this study was to estimate stem density values and to develop BEFs that are dependent on tree age classes for Quercus acuta stands in Jeonnam Wando-gun. Sample trees on the three different age classes were harvested to obtain each components biomass with stem analysis. Stem density values as tree age classes were ranged from 0.557 to 0.636. Aboveground BEFs were ranged from 1.168 to 1.324. BEFs were increased with increasing age classes. There was a significant difference between BEFs and stem density values with tree age classes. These results suggest that the reliability of the national carbon stock inventory could be improved by applying age classes BEFs, which are formulated on the basis of representative for Quercus acuta.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.291-306
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• 2018

This study was designed to predict potential habitat of Japanese evergreen oak (Quercus acuta Thunb.) in Korean Peninsula considering its dispersal ability under climate change. We used a species distribution model (SDM) based on the current species distribution and climatic variables. To reduce the uncertainty of the SDM, we applied nine single-model algorithms and the pre-evaluation weighted ensemble method. Two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) were used to simulate the distribution of Japanese evergreen oak in 2050 and 2070. The final future potential habitat was determined by considering whether it will be dispersed from the current habitat. The dispersal ability was determined using the Migclim by applying three coefficient values (${\theta}=-0.005$, ${\theta}=-0.001$ and ${\theta}=-0.0005$) to the dispersal-limited function and unlimited case. All the projections revealed potential habitat of Japanese evergreen oak will be increased in Korean Peninsula except the RCP 4.5 in 2050. However, the future potential habitat of Japanese evergreen oak was found to be limited considering the dispersal ability of this species. Therefore, estimation of dispersal ability is required to understand the effect of climate change and habitat distribution of the species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2010

This study used a bio-social approach in classifying the vegetation communities of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Hongdo island of Korea, and the results are as follows: Quercus acuta community, Daphniphyllum macropodum community, and Carpinus coreana community. The composition of soil properties in the same areas are as follows:soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable K, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg contained, cation exchange capacity, and soil pH. The capacities of these chemical properties of the soil ranged from 6.49~13.71%, 0.1 9~0.46%, 26.1 9~10.63(mg/kg), 0.24~0.56($cmol^+$/kg), 0.68~3.19($cmol^+$/kg), 0.83~1.82($cmol^+$/kg), 9.74~22.55($cmol^+$/kg), and 4.04~4.14 respectively. The Carpinus coreana community was found in the high elevation areas; Quercus acuta community, and Darphniphyllum macropodum community were also found in the low elevation. However, Quercus acuta communiη, compared with Daphnihyllum macropodum community, was found in the areas that contained more total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable Ca.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.536-542
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• 2015

This study was examined for the growth response of tree diameter and volume to thinning treatments from different thinning intensities using three long-term thinning trials for Japanese Evergreen Oak (Quercus acuta Thunb.) stands in Wando island, Korea. After thinning in 1999, annual tree growth of diameter and volume was highest in heavy thinned stands for individual tree and this growth pattern of thinning response showed similar tendency to the individual tree growth response in light thinned stands. By increasing diameter growth, the value of H/D ratio (HDR) as an indicator of stem form was properly decreased and improved up to 80%. Although there is significant growth response of basal area in both heavily and lightly thinned stands, the growth potential both of heavily and lightly thinned stands in total stand volume is not likely to reach at the level of unthinned stands because of basal area growth loss associated with both light and heavy thinnings.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.34-45
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the diversity and frequency of ectomycorrhizal fungi by cutting levels in Quercus acuta and Pinus densiflora stands from June to October, 2001. The obtained results from investigation were as follows, 1. The total of fungi found during the surveyed periods were 50 species, 30 genus, 15 families. The fungi belonged to Agaricales(37 species, 18 genus, 7 families), Aphllophorales(7 species, 6 genus, 3 families), Auriculariales(1 species, 1 genus, 1 families) and Gasteromycetes(5 species, 5 genus, 4 families), Basidiomycota. 2. The total number of putative ectomycorrhizal fruiting bodies were 137 individuals, 22 species, 10 genus, 5 families, 79 individuals, 10 species, 6 genus, 3 families at strip-cutting area of Pinus densiflora stand, 24 individuals, 9 species, 5 genus, 4 families at strip-cutting area of Quercus acuta stand and 25 individuals, 10 species, 4 genus, 3 families at spacing cutting area of Quercus acuta stand. 3. Tylropilus neofelleus had high host specificity associated with Chamaecyparis obtusa, while Amanita pseudoporphyria had relatively wide host ranges compared to other ectomycorrhizal fungi. 4. The results analyzed by Correlation coefficients showed that relative humidity and precipitation were major enviromental factors to affect the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fruiting bodies.