• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 1987

We identified pyrolysis condition, effect of catalyzer and pyrolysis mechanism through contact decomposed method by adding Bentonite in waste plastic of hospital solid waste. The result from this study were summarized as the followings: 1. The optimum fuel oil were obtained when hospital wasted plastic (P.P) and Bentonite were mixed in the ratio of 30:1. 2. Maximum absorption wave of hospital wasted plastic (P.P) appeared at 2900cm$^{-1}$, 1480cm$^{-1}$, 1360cm$^{-1}$ and 1180 cm$^{-1}$ by FT-IR and the plastics were identified and confirmed. 3. Reaction temperature of hospital wasted plastic started at 360$\circ$C, proceed rapidly at 437.5$\circ$C and finished at 481$\circ$C. The residue was 0.729%. When bentonire was added started at 318$\circ$C, proceed rapidly at 399.5$\circ$C and finished at 449.3$\circ$C, the residue being 4.23%. 4. Pyrolysis products of hospital wasted plastic were about 90 kinds. The Main components were 2-Heptene-3-ethyl-4-trimethyl (27.4%), 1-Heptene-2-isobutyl-6-methyl (8.6%) and 1-Heptene decene (7.7%). There was little component difference at different temperature. This is the result from stability of decomposition product. 5. Pyrolysis efficiency increased by the addition Bentonire. 6. Some of the Environmental and Sanitary problems could be solved by the pyrolysis of hospital wasted plastic and the decomposed products were to be used as fuel oil.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.495-502
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• 2008

To investigate the synergy effect on the pyrolysis of mixture of polyethylene(PE) and polystyrene(PS), the pyrolysis of PE, PS and the mixture of PE-PS was carried out in a batch reactor at the atmospheric pressure and $450^{\circ}C$. The pyrolysis time was from 20 to 80 mins. The liquid products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gas, gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and heavy oil according to the distillation temperatures based on the petroleum product quality standard of Korea Institute of Petroleum Quality. The analysis of the product oils by GC/MS showed that the new components produced by mixing were not detected. The synergy effect according to mixing of PE and PS did not also appear. The conversion and yield of mixtures were in proportion to the mixing ratio of sample.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.5 s.73
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• pp.11-16
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• 2006

A novel microwave-induced pyrolysis was used for the recovery of valuable products from waste polystyrene in motor oil. Quartz tube was introduced as microwave reactor and silicon carbide was used as the microwave absorbent. In the experiments, different pyrolysis conditions were applied, such as time range from 30 minutes to 1 hour and microwave input power range from 180 to 250W. The distillate products from pyrolysis were analyzed with GC/MS. Styrene, 1-methyl styrene, toluene, ethyl benzene were the four main products. Styrene recovery rate from polystyrene was around 50%. Temperature for the complete pyrolysis using microwave was around $300^{\circ}C$ which is much lower than that of conventional thermal pyrolysis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.256-264
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• 2001

Pyrolysis/GC-mass spectrometry(Hewlet-Packard 5890GC/mass selective detector, 5971 BMSD), interfaced to a CDS Pyroprobe 1500 was optimized for rapid analysis of flavour compounds in Cheddar cheese. Twenty flavour compounds, including aldehydes(4), ketones(4), fatty acids(10), alcohol(1), and hydrocarbon(1), were identified from Cheddar cheeses. In total, Twenty-three flavour compounds aldehydes(2), ketones(8), alcohols(3), fatty acids(7), lactone(1), benzene derivative(1) and amide(1) were identified from two samples of accelerated-ripened Cheddar cheese treated with the proteolytic enzymes of Lactobacillus casei LGY. In total, Twenty-one flavour compounds; aldehydes(2), ketones(5), alcohols(2), fatty acids(11), and lactone(1) were identified from enzyme-modified cheese(EMC) treated with the combination of the proteolytic enzymes of Lactobacillus casei LGY and commercial endopeptidase or lipase. However, All the flavour compounds identified by pyrolysis/GC/MS in samples of ARC and EMC were not determined whether they are recognized as typical Cheddar flavour or not. More studies were requested on the development of methods for a rapid and convienent analysis of dairy fermented products using pyrolysis/GC-mass spectrometry.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1276-1280
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• 2003

Thermal behavior of bromphenols was investigated by direct pyrolysis at high temperature. The thermal degradation products formed by the pyrolysis of mono-bromophenols (o-, m-, and p-) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. During the pyrolysis reactions, several kinds of dioxins and furans were produced, and the relative ratio of pyro-products was dependent on the substituted position of bromine in phenolic structure due to the effect of symmetry and steric hindrance. The formation of dioxins can be explained by the phenoxy radical addition and Br atom elimination at an ortho-carbon site on phenolic structure. On the other hand, the formation of furans can be explained by the ortho-ortho carbon coupling of phenoxy radicals at unsubstituted sites to form o, o'-dihydroxydiphenyl intermediate via its keto-tautomer, followed by $H_2O$ elimination. The pyrolysis temperature has also a substantial effect on the dimerized products quantities but little effect on the type of pyro-products. Moreover, the formation mechanism of pyro-products was suggested on the basis of products identified.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.517-527
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• 1989

A theoretical analysis for the characteristics of pyrolysis and combustion of solid fuel was carried out in the present study. The hollow cylindrical combustion model including gas phase and solid fuel at inside and outside respectively was developed for the numerical analysis and parametric studies. The effects of volatile contents in the porous solid fuel and Reynolds number at inlet of gas phase on the characteristics of pyrolysis and combustion such as the radial, axial and time variations of volatile mass flux through porous solid fuel, temperature, mass fractions of gaseous fuel and oxidizer, and flame shape were investigated in the parametric studies. The results of the present study show that the flame produced by the volatiles moves to the downstream of fuel with accelerating velocity with time until extinction is occurred resulting from the completion of pyrolysis. When flame is employed with smaller amount of volatiles content in the solid fuel, the flame sheet exists closer to the inner wall of solid fuel. As Reynolds number at inlet increases, the flame sheet moves to the inner wall due to effect of convection even though the volatiles by pyrolysis increases.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.633-638
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• 2006

Silica powders with spherical shape and narrow size distribution were prepared by large-scale ultrasonic spray pyrolysis applying the droplet classification apparatus. On the other hand, silica powders prepared by large-scale ultrasonic spray pyrolysis without droplet classification apparatus had broad size distribution. Droplet classification apparatus used in this paper applied the principles of cyclone and dispersion plate with small holes. The droplets formed from the ultrasonic spray generator applying the droplet classification apparatus had narrow size distribution. The droplets with fine and large sizes were eliminated by droplet classification apparatus. The optimum flow rate of the carrier gas and diameter of the hole of the dispersion plate were studied to reduce the size distribution of the silica powders prepared by large-scale ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The size distribution of the silica powders prepared by large-scale ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at the optimum preparation conditions was 0.76.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.354-361
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• 2019

Renewable energy from biomass and biodegradable wastes can significantly supplement the global energy demand if properly harnessed. Pyrolysis is the most profound modern technique that has proved effective and efficient in the energy conversion of biomass to yield various products like bio-oil, biochar, and syngas. This study focuses on optimization of slow pyrolysis of banana peels waste to yield banana peels vinegar, tar and biochar as bio-infrastructure products. Response surface methodology using central composite design was used to determine the optimum conditions for the banana wastes using a batch reactor pyrolysis system. Three factors namely heating temperature ($350-550^{\circ}C$), sample mass (200-800 g) and residence time (45-90 min) were varied with a total of 20 individual experiments. The optimal conditions for wood vinegar yield (48.01%) were $362.6^{\circ}C$, 989.9 g and 104.2 min for peels and biochar yield (30.10%) were $585.9^{\circ}C$, 989.9 g and 104.2 min. The slow pyrolysis showed significant energy conversion efficiencies of about 90% at p-value ${\leq}0.05$. These research findings are of primary importance to Uganda considering the abundant banana wastes amounting to 17.5 million tonnes generated annually, thus using them as pyrolysis feedstock can boost the country's energy status.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

The effects of calcium type catalysts addition on the thermal decomposition of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin have been studied in a thermal analyze. (TGA, DSC) and a small batch reactor. The calcium type catalysts tested were calcinated dolomite, lime, and calcinated oyster shell. As the results of TGA experiments, pyrolysis starting temperature for LDPE varied in the range of $330{\sim}360^{\circ}C$ according to heating rate, but EVA resin had the 1st pyrolysis temperature range of $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ and the 2nd pyrolysis temperature range of $425{\sim}525^{\circ}C$. The calcinated dolomite enhanced the pyrolysis rate in LDPE pyrolysis reaction, while the calcium type catalysts reduced the pyrolysis rate in EVA pyrolysis reaction. In the DSC experiments, addition of calcium type catalysts reduced the melting point, but did not affect to the heat of fusin. Calcinated dolomite reduced 20% of the heat of pyrolysis reaction. In the batch system experiments, the mixing of calcinated dolomite and lime enhanced the yield of fuel oil, but did not affect to the distribution of carbon numbers.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2002

This Study was investigated operating condition of pyrolysis processing for sludge disposal in sewage treatment plant. Important parameters studied include running time of pyrolysis, run time of dry and pyrolysis processing, water content of sewage sludge, solids amount of sewage sludge(TS%), condition of pyrolysis temperature. Most degradation reaction of sewage sludge are first order, it assumed first order and elucidated the kinetics. This was the basis of characteristics analysis of sludge degradation mechanism. Also, with the increasing of temperature, how the yield of oil and char product change was observed, and the distribution of gas product components was observed. Main components of gas and carbon product are a little difference with pyrolysis temperature, but it consist of $CH_4$, $C_2H_4$, $C_3H_8$, $C_4H_{10}$, toluene, $C_6H_6$, $SO_2$, CO etc. The gas of $C_1-C_4$ yield increased along with degradation temperature of $670^{\circ}C$ and oil yield decreased of $C_6H_6$ and $C_6H_5OH$ with temperature of $600^{\circ}C$. Particularly, low value added char yield 134kg/t at $670^{\circ}C$, but increased to 194kg/t at pyrolysis temperature of $600^{\circ}C$. In the result of elementary analysis on it, it is mainly composed of carbon. From this fact, in pyrolysis of sludge, it comfirmed that carbonization reaction occur at high temperature well.