• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2020

Since the third inter-Korean summit, the inter-Korean summit in Pyongyang and the U.S.-North Korea summit in Singapore and Hanoi, denuclearization negotiations are under way that will determine the fate of the Korean Peninsula. However, the negotiations are stalled and some skepticism is expected due to the conflicting U.S.-North Korea stance over the terms of denuclearization. The reason why it is difficult to realize the complete denuclearization of North Korea is that there are a variety of variables such as the traditional security dilemma in Northeast Asia, the hegemonic competition between the U.S. and China, and the formation of a new cold-war system. At a turning point when three inter-Korean summits and three U.S.-North Korea summits were held in the wake of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics, North Korea's complete denuclearization has become a must-do historical task for Northeast Asia and world peace beyond the Korean Peninsula. In this sense, the inter-Korean summit in Pyongyang is seen as a historic occasion for presenting a new milestone for the denuclearization of North Korea and the development of inter-Korean relations through the 9.19 Pyongyang Joint Declaration and the Military Agreement. Meanwhile, Constructivism, which has become the main paradigm of international political theory, presents the view that ideological variables such as ideology, history and culture define material factors, identity and interests of state actors, and that the structure of international relations can be changed through interaction. In this study, the historical meaning of the 9.19 Pyongyang Declaration, which is now past its first anniversary, was considered from a constructivist perspective. To this end, the development process of constructivism theory and analysis model and the development process of inter-Korean relations were briefly reviewed, and the military implications of the 9.19 Military Agreement were presented.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.106-125
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• 2020

From 1949 to the present day, many Koguryo sites have been excavated, in North Korea. It can also be said that archaeological surveys and studies in North Korea have triggered Koguryo archaeological studies in South Korea. However, since the 1990s, the excavation of Koguryo sites and archaeological research in North Korea has been carried out as an extension of Daedonggang culture. Therefore, these archaeological surveys focused on the Pyongyang and more general northwestern areas of North Korea, and the conclusion was that Koguryo was a powerful nation with a millennium-long history inherited Gojoseon. Beginning in 1945 in North Korea, the archaeological surveys and related systems were organized, and burial mounds, castles, and city remains were excavated under the idea that Koguryo was a millennium-long, strong nation. In addition, archaeological research has been conducted to validate and confirm this belief. On the notion that Koguryo was founded in 277 BCE, it was insisted that the age of the tombs in Pyongyang was increased and Pyongyang took the position as a Vice Capital in the 4^th Century. Recently an excavation of the castle located in Pyongyang supports the idea that Koguryo inherited Gojoseon on a layered basis. However, the archaeological and conceptual grounds for the founding of Koguryo in the 3^rd Century BCE or the succession of Gojoseon and Koguryo were insufficient. As can be seen from the reconstruction of the royal tombs of the Dongmyung and Dangun, the archaeological surveys in North Korea were criticized for their selective discoveries and arbitrary interpretations. This further supports the necessity for joint excavations and academic exchanges between South and North Korea.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.927-937
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• 2018

In this paper the comparative study of the consonants of Pyongyang and Seoul dialects of Korean is performed from the perspective of the signal processing which can be regarded as the basis of engineering applications. Until today, the most of speech signal studies were primarily focused on the vowels which are playing important role in the language evolution. In any language, however, the number of consonants is greater than the number of vowels. Therefore, the research of consonants is also important. In this paper, with the vowel study of the Pyongyang dialect, which was conducted by phonological research and experimental phonetic methods, the consonant studies are processed based on an engineering operation. The alveolar consonant, which has demonstrated many differences in the phonetic value between Pyongyang and Seoul dialects, was used as the experimental data. The major parameters of the speech signal analysis - formant frequency, pitch, spectrogram - are measured. The phonetic values between the two dialects were compared with respect to /시/ and /씨/ of Korean language. This study can be used as the basis for the voice recognition and the voice synthesis in the future.

• Korean Architects
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• s.535
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• pp.80-84
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• 2013

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.3
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• pp.4-12
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• 1964

• Korean Architects
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• s.536
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• pp.80-85
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• 2013

• Korean Architects
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• s.534
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• pp.68-73
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• 2013

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2002

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.325-334
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• 2016

Both 1900 years of historic literature and recent instrumental seismic records indicate the Korean Peninsula has repeatedly experienced small and large earthquakes. This study has used historical and instrumental records of Korea to investigate the characteristics of earthquakes in the peninsula. Results of GIS spatial analyses indicate Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, is more vulnerable to the earthquake hazard than that of other regions in the Korean Peninsula. It is also noted that Pyongyang is exposed to high risks of other natural and social disasters because of the high population density and concentrated infra structures. Scenario shake map drawn up assuming a magnitude 6.7 earthquake, which was experienced in A.D. 502 in the area, indicates that 51.1% of the city are exposed to PGA 0.24 g or higher. Recent statistics by the Statistics Korea also indicates the North Korea is far more vulnerable to disasters than those in the South Korea. Results of the preliminary study provide essential information for comprehensive understanding of earthquake hazard estimation in Korea including the North Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.38-50
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• 2013

This paper analyzes director Yang Yong-hi's documentary films "Dear Pyongyang"(2006), "Goodbye, Pyongyang"(2009) and her fiction film "Our Homeland"(2012). These films were produced on the base of the director's autobiographical experience, and raise issue of Jainichi-Korean diaspora who be caught in nation-state; North Korea, South Korea and Japan. With the family narratives crossing Jeju, Osaka, and Pyongyang, these films doubt boundaries be set by nation-state, and seek new breakout space. This paper traces restructuring identity in the tensional heterogeneity of nation-state exaction; Integration, unity, uniform education. In conclusion, these films foresee Korean diaspora's future identity from hybrid identities. It shows Korean diaspora's potential of receptivity, openness and solidarity which are required for Northeast Asian peace and the solution of two Korea's hostility.