• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2000

Monthly mean chlorophyll concentration in the East Sea was estimated from the ocean color observed by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) on Nimbus-7 satellite which had performed various remote sensing missions from 1979 to 1986. The areas of high chlorophyll concentration were found in the sea between Siberia coast and Sakhalin Island, in the Donghan Bay and in the Ulleung Basin. In the southwestern East Sea, especially in the area near Ulleung Island, the yearly maximum chlorophyll concentration occurred in December. The chlorophyll concentration in Ulleung Basin in December was about two times higher than during spring bloom in April. The early winter bloom occurred in the warm side of the front that was formed between warm water from the East China Sea and nutrition rich cold water from the northern East Sea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 1998

The low level atmospheric obsewation carried out to Investigate magnitude, formation and dissipation of nocturnal surface Inversion layer, also to survey relation to each meterological parameter In Inversion layer at Pusan power plant for Oct. 13, 1996. As coastal area, the surface Inversion layer height was relatively high(186m), and after sunset unstable layer formated firom surface to around 40m, and the Inversion layer was left still in the upper layer. The surface Inversion layer dissipated at 0920LST perfectly. The layer that strong Inversion layer was formated, showed steep variation of potential temperature and wand speed and relative humidity.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.495-505
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• 2012

Modeling the effects of high-rise buildings on thermo-dynamic conditions and meteorological fields over a coastal urban area was conducted using the modified meso-urban meteorological model (Urbanized MM5; uMM5) with the urban canopy parameterization (UCP) and the high-resolution inputs (urban morphology, land-use/land-cover sub-grid distribution, and high-quality digital elevation model data sets). Sensitivity simulations was performed during a typical sea-breeze episode (4~8 August 2006). Comparison between simulations with real urban morphology and changed urban morphology (i.e. high-rise buildings to low residential houses) showed that high-rise buildings could play an important role in urban heat island and land-sea breeze circulation. The major changes in urban meteorologic conditions are followings: significant increase in daytime temperature nearly by $1.0^{\circ}C$ due to sensible heat flux emitted from high density residential houses, decrease in nighttime temperature nearly by $1.0^{\circ}C$ because of the reduction in the storage heat flux emitted from high-rise buildings, and large increase in wind speed (maximum 2 m $s^{-1}$) during the daytime due to lessen drag-force or increased gradient temperature over coastal area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.341-356
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• 2019

In this study, the impacts of local meteorology caused by tidal changes in the West Sea on ozone distributions in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) were analyzed using a meteorological model (WRF) and an air quality (CMAQ) model. This study was carried out during the day (1200-1800 LST) between August 3 and 9, 2016. The total area of tidal flats along with the tidal changes was calculated to be approximately $912km^2$, based on data provided by the Environmental Geographic Information Service (EGIS) and the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF). Modeling was carried out based on three experiments, and the land cover of the tidal flats for each experiment was designed using the coastal wetlands, water bodies (i.e., high tide), and the barren or sparsely vegetated areas (i.e., low tide). The land cover parameters of the coastal wetlands used in this study were improved in the herbaceous wetland of the WRF using updated albedo, roughness length, and soil heat capacity. The results showed that the land cover variation during high tide caused a decrease in temperature (maximum $4.5^{\circ}C$) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height (maximum 1200 m), and an increase in humidity (maximum 25%) and wind speed (maximum $1.5ms^{-1}$). These meteorological changes increased the ozone concentration (about 5.0 ppb) in the coastal areas including the tidal flats. The increase in the ozone concentration during high tide may be caused by a weak diffusion to the upper layer due to a decrease in the PBL height. The changes in the meteorological variables and ozone concentration during low tide were lesser than those occurring during high tide. This study suggests that the meteorological variations caused by tidal changes have a meaningful effect on the ozone concentration in the SMA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.180-183
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• 1990

The variability of ambient noise with time and water depth is measured in the coastal water of Pusan. The Noise Spectrum levels are relatively high, and have standard deviations amounting to 3 to 4 dB with time and 2 to 3 dB with water depth in the B area of high ship activity. On the other hand, in the A area where shipping is sparse the standard deviations are only 1 to 2 dB with time and water depth respectively. These results show that ship traffic is one of the dominent sources at frequencies greater than 500Hz.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.265-275
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• 1996

Air pollution characteristics and the influence of sea breeze on surface ozone concentration were studied using the data measured at 7 air quality continuous monitoring stations from June to September using 3 years (1990, 1993, 1994) in Pusan coastal area. Among the 246 sea breeze days for research Period, there were approximately 89 sea breeze days (36%) from lune to September, And there were 120 the episode days (68%) of ozone greater than or equal to 60 ppb in summer season. In 89 sea breeze days, the episode day was highly marked as 56 days (63%). So, we knew that the sea breeze greatly affects the occurence of ozone episode day. the ozone concentration under the condition of the sea breeze increase about 40% in the daytime. Frequencies distribution of $O_3$ concentration for sea breeze moved toward high concentration class. The characteristics of ozone concentration in relation to meteorological conditions of sea breeze is significant because we can discover major weather factors for eastablishing an air pollution- weather forecast system. For further. study about meterological approach method for photochemical air pollution, it is necessary to explain the characteristics of atmosphere below 1, 000 m, especially concerning the formation mechanism of inversion layers. And finally, we will study the relationships to synoptic weather conditions and vertical structure and diurnal variation of local wind systems including sea breeze, and the vertical movements of atmosphere in the city.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

In order to investigate the effects of local and synoptic meteorological conditions on urban scale particulate air pollutants observed over the Busan coastal area, power spectrum analysis was applied to observed particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter $\leq10\;{\mu}m$ ($PM_{10}$) for the period from 1 October, 1993 to 31 December, 2004. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was used to obtain the hourly mean observed $PM_{10}$ concentrations to identify different periodicity scales of $PM_{10}$ concentrations. The results showed that, aside from the typical and well-known periodicities such as diurnal and annual variations caused by anthropogenic influences, three other significant power spectral density peaks were identified: 7-day, 21-day and 2.25-year periodicities. Cospectrum analysis indicated that the seven-day variations were closely related to the synoptic meteorological conditions such as weak wind speed, which are relevant to the stagnant high pressure system slowly passing through the Korean Peninsula. The intra-seasonal 21-day variation was negatively correlated with wind speed but was consistently positively correlated with relative humidity, which is related to aerosol formation that can be achieved as a result of the hygroscopic characteristics of aerosols. However, the quasibiennial 2.25-year variation was correlated with the frequency of Asian dust occurrence, the periodicities of which have been recorded inter-annually over the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.93-106
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• 1995

This paper describes the development of moving watched chamber. For the most part, the watched chamber have been located in the inner-bay. But, there are many problems of sea-water pollution. Therefore, the watched chamber must be relocated to undeveloped coastal area. The watched chamber which is located in the bay has a bit of damage by bad weather. But, the moving watched chamber would be exposed to bad water. It is desirable to improve the system of chamber. If we make a good design of the moving watched chamber with studying of waves and hydrodynamics, it would be possible to culture fish at the coastal sea area. When a fixed system is changed into a movable one, we can obtain the following advantages: 1. The possibility of diminishing the sea water pollution, easying the overcrowded state in a inner-bay farm, and relieved of limitation caused by bad conditions such as waves, red tides and terrains. 2. It would be easy not only to move the watched chamber system in accordance with weather conditions or occurrence of red tides, but also to select good sites for watched chamber fishes. 3. Transportation and good supervision with the automated design system can results with the effectiveness which increases the amount of aquatic products.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2012

The seasonal variations of ozone ($O_3$) concentrations were investigated with regard to the relationship between $O_3$ and wind distributions at two different sites (Jung Ang (JA): a semi-closed topography and Seo Chang (SC): a closed topography) within a valley city (Yangsan) and their comparison between these sites (JA and SC) and two non-valley sites (Dae Jeo (DJ) and Sang Nam (SN)) located downwind from coastal cities (Busan and Ulsan). This analysis was performed using the data sets of hourly $O_3$ concentrations, meteorological factors (especially, wind speed and direction), and those on high $O_3$ days exceeding the 8-h standard (60 ppb) during 2008-2009. In summer and fall (especially in June and October), the monthly mean values of the daily maximum $O_3$ concentrations and the number of high $O_3$ days at JA (and SC) were relatively higher than those at DJ (and SN). The increase in daytime $O_3$ concentrations at JA in June was likely to be primarily impacted by the transport of $O_3$ and its precursors from the coastal emission sources in Busan along the dominant southwesterly winds (about 5 m/s) under the penetration of sea breeze condition, compared to other months and sites. Such a phenomenon at SC in October was likely to be mainly caused by the accumulation of $O_3$ and its precursors due to the relatively weak winds under the localized stagnant weather condition rather than the contribution of regional transport from the emission sources in Busan and Ulsan.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-83
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• 2002

Korea has designated 28 trade ports and 22 coastal ports under the Ports Act. If fishery ports and small inlets are counted, the number amounts to hundreds of ports. However, untimely and inefficient maintenance and repair works face Korean ports with functional loss, decreasing efficiency, and even catastrophe. Thus, further examinations on the maintenance or redevelopment of forts in Korea are urgent. Since the Korean War and the higher economic growth period in the 1970s, Busan Port has developed in a variety of ways, according to the necessity of social conditions at any given time, without any development Philosophy or systematic long-term master plan. As a result, ports and coastal industrial facilities have rushed to gather around the present North Busan Port, which has taken on mixed functions between ports and cities, adversely affecting several of their interactions. To resolve these circumstances, several redevelopment schemes were suggested for centering the old zone in the Busan Port interim. However, comprehensive evaluation and redevelopment schemes combining functions of both ports and cities, and effectively utilizing coastal zones have never been presented. In this respect, this study sets the priority order of the extracted unit project. This study analyzes the existing functions and facilities of Busan Port, extracting facility zones through redevelopment which is certain to fail or to decrease in efficiency. furthermore, this study presents status and development directions of specified redevelopment unit projects of higher priority order, and pursues the integrated plan of efficiency for Busan Port.